铁基膨润土对水中磷酸根的吸附热力学及动力学研究

采用铁盐改性制得铁基膨润土,研究了其对水中磷酸根的吸附性能及影响因素,结果表明,通过对膨润土的改性提高了磷的去除率,含磷废水初始pH值的大小对磷的去除率影响不大,初始浓度越低越有利于磷的去除。磷的去除率随改性膨润土的投加量增大而提高,随温度升高而增大。进一步研究表明,改性膨润土对磷的吸附是吸热反应,其吸附等温线可采用Langmuir等温吸附方程拟合;改性膨润土对磷的吸附是快速吸附,在20 min内,磷去除率达70%以上,符合准二级吸附动力学模型。     

Fluoride removal performance of a novel Fe-Al-Ce trimetal oxide adsorbent

A trimetal oxide was developed as a fluoride adsorbent by coprecipitation of Fe(II), Al(III) and Ce(IV) salt solutions with a molar ratio of 1:4:1 under alkaline condition. The material retained amorphous structure and maintained relatively stable fluoride adsorption performance at calcination temperatures lower than 600 degrees C. The optimum pH range for fluoride adsorption was 6.0-6.5 and the adsorbent also showed high defluoridation ability around pH 5.5-7.0, which is preferable for actual application. A high fluoride adsorption capacity of 178 mg g(-1) was acquired under an equilibrium fluoride concentration of 84.5 mg l(-1), adsorbent dose of 150 mg l(-1) and pH 7.0. The adsorption isotherm could be better described by the two-site Langmuir model than the one-site model, suggesting the existence of two types of active sites on the adsorbent surface. Coexistence of high concentrations of phosphate or arsenate only led to partial inhibition of fluoride adsorption, which further suggests the existence of heterogeneous adsorption sites. Sulfate and chloride did not affect fluoride adsorption, and nitrate influenced it only when the concentration of NO(3)(-)-N exceeded 50 mg l(-1). A high desorption efficiency of 97% was achieved by treating fluoride loaded Fe-Al-Ce oxide with NaOH solution at pH 12.2. A column experiment using the adsorbent fabricated into 1mm pellets was performed at an initial fluoride concentration of 5.5 mg l(-1), space velocity of 5h(-1) and pH of 5.8, and 2240 bed volumes were treated with the effluent fluoride under 1.0 mg l(-1).     

Preparation and characterization of surfactant-modified hydroxyapatite/zeolite composite and its adsorption behavior toward humic acid and copper(II)

A novel composite material, i.e., surfactant-modified hydroxyapatite/zeolite composite, was used as an adsorbent to remove humic acid (HA) and copper(II) from aqueous solution. Hydroxyapatite/zeolite composite (HZC) and surfactant-modified HZC (SMHZC) were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscope. The adsorption of HA and copper(II) on SMHZC was investigated. For comparison purposes, HA adsorption onto HZC was also investigated. SMHZC exhibited much higher HA adsorption capacity than HZC. The HA adsorption capacity for SMHZC decreased slightly with increasing pH from 3 to 8 but decreased significantly with increasing pH from 8 to 12. The copper(II) adsorption capacity for SMHZC increased with increasing pH from 3 to 6.5. The adsorption kinetic data of HA and copper(II) on SMHZC obeyed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption of HA and copper(II) on SMHZC took place in three different stages: fast external surface adsorption, gradual adsorption controlled by both film and intra-particle diffusions, and final equilibrium stage. The equilibrium adsorption data of HA on SMHZC better fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model than the Freundlich isotherm model. The equilibrium adsorption data of copper(II) on SMHZC could be described by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. The presence of copper(II) in solution enhanced HA adsorption onto SMHZC. The presence of HA in solution enhanced copper(II) adsorption onto SMHZC. The mechanisms for the adsorption of HA on SMHZC at pH 7 may include electrostatic attraction, organic partitioning, hydrogen bonding, and Lewis acid–base interaction. The mechanisms for the adsorption of copper(II) on SMHZC at pH 6 may include surface complexation, ion exchange, and dissolution–precipitation. The obtained results indicate that SMHZC can be used as an effective adsorbent to simultaneously remove HA and copper(II) from water.     

Use of carbonised beet pulp carbon for removal of Remazol Turquoise Blue-G 133 from aqueous solution

Carbonised beet pulp (BPC) produced from agricultural solid waste by-product in sugar industry was used as adsorbent for the removal of Remazol Turquoise Blue-G 133 (RTB-G 133) dye in this study. The kinetics and equilibrium of sorption process were investigated with respect to pH, temperature and initial dye concentration. Adsorption studies with real textile wastewater were also performed. The results showed that adsorption was a strongly pH-dependent process, and optimum pH was determined as 1.0. The maximum dye adsorption capacity was obtained as 47.0 mg g^?1at the temperature of 25 °C at this pH value. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were used for describing the adsorption equilibrium data of the dye, and isotherm constants were evaluated depending on sorption temperature. Equilibrium data of RTB-G 133 sorption fitted very well to the Freundlich isotherm. Mass transfer and kinetic models were applied to the experimental data to examine the mechanisms of adsorption and potential rate-controlling steps. It was found that both external mass transfer and intra-particle diffusion played an important role in the adsorption mechanisms of dye and adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo second-order type kinetic model. The thermodynamic analysis indicated that the sorption process was exothermic and spontaneous in nature.     

活化赤泥的除氟性能

以成本低的铝工业废矿渣（赤泥）为原材料,通过高温煅烧和酸化处理对赤泥进行活化,制备了除氟吸附剂。研究了反应时间、投加量、初始氟浓度、溶液温度、共存阴离子和pH值对活化赤泥除氟效果的影响。结果表明,接触反应时间为18 h时,吸附接近平衡。活化赤泥对氟离子的吸附符合Lagergren二级吸附动力学方程。另外,初始浓度越高,吸附容量越大。与Freundlich相比,Langmuir吸附等温模型可以更好地描述氟离子的吸附特性,最大吸附量可达2.71 mg/g。SO24-、Cl-和NO3-存在时（〈1 000 mg/L）,对氟离子的吸附几乎没有影响,然而,HCO3-、PO34-和氟离子共存时,会对氟吸附造成不利影响。活化赤泥在pH值3.5～11.0时,具有较好的吸附稳定性。活化赤泥是一种吸附容量高、性能稳定的环境友好型除氟材料,具有应用潜力。     

溴化十六烷基吡啶改性沸石对水中甲基橙的吸附

采用溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)对天然沸石进行改性制备得到了CPB改性沸石,通过批量吸附实验考察了CPB改性沸石对水中阴离子染料甲基橙的去除作用。结果表明,天然沸石对水中甲基橙的吸附能力很差,而CPB改性沸石则可以有效吸附去除水中的甲基橙。CPB改性沸石对水中甲基橙的吸附能力随CPB负载量的增加而增加,CPB负载量最大的改性沸石对水中甲基橙的吸附能力最强。双分子层CPB改性沸石对水中甲基橙的去除率随吸附剂投加量的增加而增加,而CPB改性沸石对水中甲基橙的单位吸附量则随吸附剂投加量的增加而降低。双分子层CPB改性沸石对水中甲基橙的吸附平衡数据可以采用Langmuir等温吸附模型加以描述。根据Langmuir模型计算得到的CPB负载量为341 mmol/(kg沸石)的双分子层CPB改性沸石对水中甲基橙的最大吸附容量为63.7 mg/g(303 K和pH 7)。准二级动力学模型适合用于描述双分子层CPB改性沸石对水中甲基橙的吸附动力学过程。pH和反应温度对双分子层CPB改性沸石吸附水中甲基橙的影响较小。以上结果说明,双分子层CPB改性沸石适合作为一种吸附剂用于去除废水中的甲基橙。     

Dynamic behaviour of Cd2+ adsorption in equilibrium batch studies by CaCO3 −-rich Corbicula fluminea shell

This work presents the structural and adsorption properties of the CaCO₃ ^?-rich Corbicula fluminea shell as a natural and economic adsorbent to remove Cd ions from aqueous solutions under batch studies. Experiments were conducted with different contact times, various initial concentrations, initial solution pH and serial biosorbent dosage to examine the dynamic characterization of the adsorption and its influence on Cd uptake capacity. The characterization of the C. fluminea shell using SEM/EDX revealed that the adsorbent surface is mostly impregnated by small particles of potentially calcium salts. The dominant Cd adsorption mechanism is strongly pH and concentration dependent. A maximum Cd removal efficiency of 96.20 % was obtained at pH 7 while the optimum adsorbent dosage was observed as 5 g/L. The Langmuir isotherm was discovered to be more suitable to represent the experimental equilibrium isotherm results with higher correlation coefficients (R ²?>?0.98) than Freundlich (R ²?<?0.97).The correlation coefficient values (p?<?0.01) indicated the superiority of the Langmuir isotherm over the Freundlich isotherm.     

粉煤灰砖块对磷酸盐的吸附特性

以建筑废料粉煤灰砖块为吸附剂材料,通过静态吸附实验研究其对磷酸盐的吸附特征,以及磷酸盐初始浓度、吸附剂投加量、pH等因素对吸附反应的影响。Langmuir、Freundlich和Temkin等温模型的分析发现,Langmuir等温式方程最适合描述吸附过程,对磷酸盐的理论饱和吸附容量为44.62 mg/g。利用伪一级动力学模型、伪二级动力学模型和颗粒内扩散模型考察了吸附过程特征,其中伪二级动力学模型为最适于描述粉煤灰砖块对磷酸盐的吸附过程的动力学模型。通过颗粒内扩散模型、Bangham方程及Boyd模型对吸附动力学机理进行的探讨表明,颗粒内扩散速率不是粉煤灰砖块吸附磷酸盐反应的惟一速率控制步,膜扩散速率和颗粒内扩散速率共同影响着吸附反应速率。磷酸盐浓度较低时主要是膜扩散限制吸附反应速率,而磷酸盐浓度较高时则颗粒内扩散成为速率控制步。研究证明,粉煤灰砖块粉末作为湿地基质具有对磷酸盐很强的吸附能力,在减少了固体废弃物的数量的同时又可以实现水污染控制的目的。     

丙烯酸改性壳聚糖磁性颗粒处理模拟废水中氨氮

以去除水产养殖废水中的氨氮,寻找安全快速高效的吸附剂为目的。以壳聚糖为原料制备丙烯酸改性壳聚糖磁性颗粒,采用单因素及正交实验方法优化制备条件,研究振荡吸附条件对吸附量的影响,进行吸附等温模型和吸附动力学研究。结果表明,最佳制备条件,丙烯酸4 mL、磁流体0.75 g、过硫酸铵1 g、戊二醛1.5 mL;最佳吸附条件,废水pH值5~9、吸附剂浓度3 g/L、吸附时间10 min;吸附过程符合二级动力学模型,以化学吸附为主;液膜扩散为限速步骤;氨氮最大吸附量为77.16 mg/g,远高于其他传统吸附剂。研究表明,丙烯酸改性壳聚糖磁性颗粒对模拟水产养殖废水的氨氮去除效果显著,具有很好的应用前景。     

Adsorption characteristics of Ni(II) on gamma-type alumina particles and its determination of overall adsorption rate by a differential bed reactor

The adsorption experiment of nickel ion [Ni(II)] on gamma-type alumina by a differential bed reactor in aqueous solutions was investigated to determine the adsorption characteristics and overall adsorption rate. The adsorbed amount increased rapidly with pH from pH 2 to 6 and kept constant over pH 6. The adsorbed amount of Ni(II) increased with temperature from 20 to 50 degrees C. Correlation coefficients (R2) of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were 0.9268 and 0.9489, respectively, and Freundlich isotherm was more suitable for adsorption on gamma-type alumina than Langmuir isotherm.The overall adsorption rate of Ni(II) on gamma-type alumina at pH 6 by a differential bed rector was determined as follows: r = 68.77Ce(1.61) - 17.60qe(0.36). Al(III) ions in solutions were away from the alumina surface during the adsorption of Ni(II) and Al(III) concentration increased with an increasing Ni(II) adsorbed amount on alumina.     

Activated carbon from industrial solid waste as an adsorbent for the removal of Rhodamine-B from aqueous solution: kinetic and equilibrium studies

The activated carbon was prepared using industrial solid waste called sago waste and physico-chemical properties of carbon were carried out to explore adsorption process. The effectiveness of carbon prepared from sago waste in adsorbing Rhodamine-B from aqueous solution has been studied as a function of agitation time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH and desorption. Adsorption equilibrium studies were carried out in order to optimize the experimental conditions. The adsorption of Rhodamine-B onto carbon followed second order kinetic model. Adsorption data were modeled using both Langmuir and Freundlich classical adsorption isotherms. The adsorption capacity Q0 was 16.12 mg g(-1) at initial pH 5.7 for the particle size 125-250 microm. The equilibrium time was found to be 150 min for 10, 20 mg l(-1) and 210 min for 30, 40 mg l(-1) dye concentrations, respectively. A maximum removal of 91% was obtained at natural pH 5.7 for an adsorbent dose of 100mg/50 ml of 10 mg l(-1) dye concentration and 100% removal was obtained when the pH was increased to 7 for an adsorbent dose of 275 mg/50 ml of 20 mg l(-1) dye concentration. Desorption studies were carried out in water medium by varying the pH from 2 to 10. Desorption studies were performed with dilute HCl and show that ion exchange is predominant dye adsorption mechanism. This adsorbent was found to be both effective and economically viable.     

改性松针对水体中铅(II)的吸附

探讨了改性松针(GXLsp)作为吸附剂对水体中铅离子的吸附性能,考察了吸附时间、溶液pH值、吸附剂用量、盐离子浓度、Pb(II)初始浓度及温度对改性松针吸附Pb(II)的影响。利用Langmuir和Freundlich等温线模型对实验数据进行非线性拟合分析,结果表明,Freundlich等温线模型能很好地描述松针对Pb(II)的吸附过程。热力学参数表明吸附是一个自发的吸热过程。改性松针对铅的吸附行为符合拟二级动力学方程,表明吸附过程是以化学吸附为主。在293K时松针对Pb(II)的饱和吸附量为318.3 mg/g,因此,GXLsp可作为一种高效低值生物质吸附剂以去除水体中重金属Pb(II)的污染。     

Efficacy of biochar in removal of organic pesticide,Bentazone from watershed systems

Abstract

Bentazone is one of the toxic insecticides used to control forest tent caterpillar moths, boll weevils, gypsy moths, and other types of moths in various field crops. We report the efficacy of biochar prepared from the Azardirachta Indica waste biomass as adsorbent for removal of Bentazone. Biochar material was prepared by pyrolysis process under limited oxygen conditions. Biochar material was characterized by proximate and ultimate analysis, SEM analysis, FTIR analysis and TG/DTA analyses. The Bentazone adsorption capacity by biochar from aqueous solutions was assessed. Effect of time, adsorbent dosage, insecticide concentration and pH on the adsorption characteristics of the biochar were evaluated. Adsorption parameters were obtained at equilibrium contact time of 150?min, with biochar dosage of 0.5?g at pH 8. From the optimization studies, desirability of 0.952 was obtained with response (adsorption uptake) of 79.40?mg/g, for initial concentration of insecticide (50?mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.448?g), time 30.0?min and pH 2. The adsorption isotherm data for the removal of Bentazone fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm. This study indicates that the biochar produced from the bark of Azardirachta Indica biomass could be employed as a potential adsorbent for removal of synthetic organic pollutants from the water streams.     

The removal of uranium (VI) from aqueous solutions onto activated carbon developed from grinded used tire

In this study, activated carbon was prepared from waste tire by KOH chemical activation. The pore properties including the BET surface area, pore volume, pore size distribution, and average pore diameter were characterized. BET surface area of the activated carbon was determined as 558 m²/g. The adsorption of uranium ions from the aqueous solution using this activated carbon has been investigated. Various physico-chemical parameters such as pH, initial metal ion concentration, and adsorbent dosage level and equilibrium contact time were studied by a batch method. The optimum pH for adsorption was found to be 3. The removal efficiency has also been determined for the adsorption system as a function of initial concentration. The experimental results were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models. A comparison of best-fitting was performed using the coefficient of correlation and the Langmuir isotherm was found to well represent the measured sorption data. According to the evaluation using the Langmuir equation, the saturated monolayer sorption capacity of uranium ions onto waste tire activated carbon was 158.73 mg/g. The thermodynamic equilibrium constant and the Gibbs free energy were determined and results indicated the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. Kinetics data were best described by pseudo-second-order model.     

Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution onto alunite

The phosphate removal potential of alunite, a low cost and abundantly available material, has been investigated. The effects of calcination temperature and time of alunite, adsorbent particle size, pH and initial phosphate concentration on the phosphate adsorption by the calcined alunite have been studied. Phosphate removal was seen to increase with increasing calcination temperature, decreasing adsorbent particle size and pH. Adsorption of phosphate followed first-order rate kinetics. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm constants and correlation coefficients were calculated and compared. It was concluded that the adsorption data of phosphate onto calcined alunite fitted to the Langmuir model more than Freundlich model. Specific surface areas of the calcined alunite were calculated at different calcination temperatures and particle sizes.     

Sorption and desorption studies of a reactive azo dye on effective disposal of redundant material

The effective disposal of redundant elephant dung (ED) is important for environmental protection and utilization of resource. The aim of this study was to remove a toxic-azo dye, Reactive Red (RR) 120, using this relatively cheap material as a new adsorbent. The FTIR–ATR spectra of ED powders before and after the sorption of RR 120 and zero point charge (pH_zpc) of ED were determined. The sorption capacity of ED for removing of RR 120 were carried out as functions of particle size, adsorbent dose, pH, temperature, ionic strength, initial dye concentration, and contact time. Sorption isotherm, kinetic, activation energy, thermodynamic, and desorption parameters of RR 120 on ED were studied. The sorption process was found to be dependent on particle size, adsorbent dose, pH, temperature, ionic strength, initial dye concentration, and contact time. FTIR–ATR spectroscopy indicated that amine and amide groups have significant role on the sorption of RR 120 on ED. The pH_zpc of ED was found to be 7.3. Sorption kinetic of RR 120 on ED was well described by sigmoidal Logistic model. The Langmuir isotherm was well fitted to the equilibrium data. The maximum sorption capacity was 95.71 mg?g^?1. The sorption of RR 120 on ED was mainly physical and exothermic according to results of D–R isotherm, Arrhenius equation, thermodynamic, and desorption studies. The thermodynamic parameters showed that this process was feasible and spontaneous. This study showed that ED as a low-cost adsorbent had a great potential for the removal of RR 120 as an alternative eco-friendly process.     

凹凸棒土对腐殖酸的低温吸附性能研究

首次研究凹凸棒土对饮用水中腐殖酸的低温吸附性能,考察5℃条件下,吸附时间与腐殖酸初始浓度、吸附剂投加量、pH对凹凸棒土吸附腐殖酸的影响,确定吸附剂的吸附等温线、吸附动力学和热力学等相关理论参数,研究凹凸棒土对腐殖酸的吸附性能与机理。结果表明,江苏盱眙凹凸棒土在温度5℃、pH=4、水中腐殖酸初始浓度为5 mg/L,投加量为15 g/L的条件下,吸附180 min后对腐殖酸的去除率可达97.26%。凹凸棒土对腐殖酸的吸附符合二级吸附动力学方程与Freundlich吸附等温式,吸附过程由孔隙内扩散过程控制,吸附为自发的吸热过程,包括物理吸附与化学吸附。根据Fre-undlich吸附等温式拟合计算,5℃、pH=7时理论最大吸附量为9 mg/g,说明凹凸棒土对于低温饮用水中腐殖酸具有良好的吸附效果。     

褐煤对废水中酸性红B的吸附去除

选用褐煤作为廉价吸附剂,脱除模拟废水中染料酸性红B。研究了褐煤对废水中酸性红B的吸附动力学、等温吸附模式,考察了pH、褐煤投加量以及离子强度(NaCl)对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,吸附动力学较好地符合准二级速率方程(R2=1.000),并且以化学吸附为主;吸附等温式满足Langmuir方程(R2=0.986),最大单分子层吸附量为42 mg/g;废水中染料的去除率随溶液pH的减小而明显增加,在pH=1时,去除效果最好,证实吸附过程存在静电吸引及化学键合;在一定条件下,溶液中酸性红B的去除率随褐煤投加量增加而增加;吸附效果随溶液中离子强度(NaCl)的增加而增强。说明褐煤可以作为一种廉价吸附材料,用于处理含染料废水。     

Removal of arsenic(III,V) by a granular Mn-oxide-doped Al oxide adsorbent: surface characterization and performance

In order to remove arsenic (As) from contaminated water, granular Mn-oxide-doped Al oxide (GMAO) was fabricated using the compression method with the addition of organic binder. The analysis results of XRD, SEM, and BET indicated that GMAO was microporous with a large specific surface area of 54.26 m^2/g, and it was formed through the aggregation of massive Al/Mn oxide nanoparticles with an amorphous pattern. EDX, mapping, FTIR, and XPS results showed the uniform distribution of Al/Mn elements and numerous hydroxyl groups on the adsorbent surface. Compression tests indicated a satisfactory mechanical strength of GMAO. Batch adsorption results showed that As(V) adsorption achieved equilibrium faster than As(III), whereas the maximum adsorption capacity of As(III) estimated from the Langmuir isotherm at 25 °C (48.52 mg/g) was greater than that of As(V) (37.94 mg/g). The As removal efficiency could be maintained in a wide pH range of 3~8. The presence of phosphate posed a significant adverse effect on As adsorption due to the competition mechanisms. In contrast, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ could favor As adsorption via cation-bridge involvement. A regeneration method was developed by using sodium hydroxide solution for As elution from saturated adsorbents, which permitted GMAO to keep over 75% of its As adsorption capacity even after five adsorption–regeneration cycles. Column experiments showed that the breakthrough volumes for the treatment of As(III)-spiked and As(V)-spiked water (As concentration = 100 μg/L) were 2224 and 1952, respectively. Overall, GMAO is a potential adsorbent for effectively removing As from As-contaminated groundwater in filter application.

     

磁性介孔锰铁复合氧化物对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

以复合金属草酸盐为前驱体制备了纳米晶构筑的介孔锰铁氧化物材料,采用透射电镜、X射线衍射仪和固体比表面测定仪等对产物进行了表征.并研究了其对水体Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能,考察了pH及离子强度对吸附容量的影响、吸附动力学、吸附等温线以及碱液对Cr(Ⅵ)的洗脱率。结果表明,获得的锰铁氧化物为纳米晶构筑的介孔材料,比表面达277.4 m2/g,对Cr(Ⅵ)在酸性条件下有较强的吸附性能。在初始Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度为100 mg/L,pH值在2时,10 min内能使溶液中的Cr(Ⅵ)去除率达96.8%,最大Cr(Ⅵ)吸附容量Qm为40 mg/g。