SBR处理高浓度养猪废水工艺条件

以养猪场废水作为研究对象,采用序列间歇式活性污泥法SBR,通过实验研究了供气量、pH、排泥量、原水稀释倍数、水力停留时间（HRT）对SBR出水水质的影响。结果表明,供气量为375 L/（min·m³）、pH为8.0,并添加排泥100 mL的操作,可使SBR处理效果明显提高,COD、磷和凯氏氮去除率最高分别可达96.37%、94.14%、99.38%。逐步降低进水稀释倍数有利于培养出处理高浓度有机养猪废水的活性污泥,可将平均COD、磷和凯氏氮含量高达9 161.24、33.41和1 502.77 mg/L的养猪废水处理至出水的490.11、5.35和17.84 mg/L。降低HRT对SBR去除率影响不大。     

微曝气Fenton氧化法处理模拟双酚A废水的效果及其生物验证

研究了微曝气Fenton氧化法关键工艺参数对模拟双酚A（BPA）废水处理效果的影响,并从活性污泥性质和污染物去除率两方面,采用膜生物反应器(membrane bioreactor, MBR)对微曝气Fenton氧化法的处理效果进行了实验验证,为实现BPA废水的生物处理奠定基础。结果表明,初始pH值、反应时间、H₂O₂/COD(质量浓度比)、H₂O₂/Fe²⁺ (摩尔浓度比)、反应温度及曝气量均对预处理效果有较大影响,在最佳条件下,COD去除率可达70%,BOD/COD值则由原废水的0.02提高到0.50以上。MBR处理上述出水的结果表明,经微曝气Fenton氧化处理BPA的废水,可较好地适应后续的生化处理。     

PACT工艺处理PAM生产废水的实验研究

采用粉末活性炭活性污泥工艺(PACT)处理经凹凸棒土预处理后的聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)生产废水。实验考察了粉末活性炭(PAC)的投加对活性污泥处理系统的影响,并探讨了PAC投加量、曝气时间、水力停留时间等参数对降解反应的影响。结果表明:PAC的投加能提高水中溶解氧的利用率,改善污泥沉降性能,增强活性污泥系统对有机物的去除效果;在PAC投加量500 mg/L、曝气10 h的条件下,PACT工艺对PAM生产废水的处理效果良好,COD的去除率为80.8%,BOD5去除率为83.8%,丙烯酰胺(AM)去除率为84.2%。     

Ca2+对上流式多级厌氧反应器处理蔗渣渗滤液的影响

研究了上流式多级厌氧反应器(UMAR)处理蔗渣渗滤液过程中Ca2+浓度对反应器运行特性和颗粒污泥性质的影响。结果表明,对于蔗渣渗滤液而言,进水中低浓度的Ca2+浓度(80～300 mg/L)对颗粒污泥产甲烷活性无抑制,COD去除率最高可达93.3%;Ca2+浓度达到500 mg/L以上时,对厌氧颗粒污泥的活性有抑制作用;随着Ca2+浓度进一步升高,抑制作用加强,污泥灰分明显升高,活性成分下降,COD去除效率明显降低,污泥粘结沉积在反应器底部,导致系统内循环出现障碍。因此,在实际生产中应减少废水中Ca2+的引入量。     

The fate of lindane in the conventional activated sludge treatment process

A pilot-scale treatability study was performed to evaluate the fate of lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) in wastewater treatment plants operating in the conventional activated sludge mode. Different types of wastewater (industrial and municipal) spiked with variable lindane concentrations were used at different dosing rates in order to determine distribution and removal under various operational conditions. The major amount (67-91%) of lindane inputs to the treatment process was found to concentrate in primary sludge. A significant linear correlation between the compound's partition coefficient (logKp) and the organic fraction of primary sludge (foc) was found. Sorption on primary sludge solids was concluded to be the major removal mechanism. Only 0.1-2.8% of lindane inputs was concentrated in activated sludge. Lindane losses in primary treatment were low (4-26%). Higher losses (up to 61%) were observed during the biological treatment probably due to biodegradation. These losses were negatively correlated with the inflow rate of lindane into the aeration tank. Activated sludge aged about 23 d presented the maximum loss of lindane. Increased sludge age was associated with increased percentages of lindane in the final effluent.     

Coagulant recovery from water treatment plant sludge and reuse in post-treatment of UASB reactor effluent treating municipal wastewater

In the present study, feasibility of recovering the coagulant from water treatment plant sludge with sulphuric acid and reusing it in post-treatment of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor effluent treating municipal wastewater were studied. The optimum conditions for coagulant recovery from water treatment plant sludge were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Sludge obtained from plants that use polyaluminium chloride (PACl) and alum coagulant was utilised for the study. Effect of three variables, pH, solid content and mixing time was studied using a Box–Behnken statistical experimental design. RSM model was developed based on the experimental aluminium recovery, and the response plots were developed. Results of the study showed significant effects of all the three variables and their interactions in the recovery process. The optimum aluminium recovery of 73.26 and 62.73 % from PACl sludge and alum sludge, respectively, was obtained at pH of 2.0, solid content of 0.5 % and mixing time of 30 min. The recovered coagulant solution had elevated concentrations of certain metals and chemical oxygen demand (COD) which raised concern about its reuse potential in water treatment. Hence, the coagulant recovered from PACl sludge was reused as coagulant for post-treatment of UASB reactor effluent treating municipal wastewater. The recovered coagulant gave 71 % COD, 80 % turbidity, 89 % phosphate, 77 % suspended solids and 99.5 % total coliform removal at 25 mg Al/L. Fresh PACl also gave similar performance but at higher dose of 40 mg Al/L. The results suggest that coagulant can be recovered from water treatment plant sludge and can be used to treat UASB reactor effluent treating municipal wastewater which can reduce the consumption of fresh coagulant in wastewater treatment.     

废水中KMnO4对生物处理效果的影响

为减轻和消除含高浓度KMnO4的牛仔服加工废水对生物处理系统的毒害作用,采用模拟序批式活性污泥法,研究KMnO4对活性污泥微生物生长的影响及COD和NH4+-N的降解规律。结果表明,当处理进水COD浓度500 mg/L,NH4+-N浓度23.5 mg/L,污泥浓度为2 000 mg/L时,曝气时间为4 h,KMnO4质量浓度增加对COD和NH4+-N的降解影响很大;同样条件下曝气时间改为8 h,对NH4+-N的降解影响显著减小,但对COD的降解影响减少不多;并且,高浓度KMnO4对NH4+-N去除效果的抑制作用比对COD的大。因此,处理含高浓度KMnO4的废水需要延长一倍曝气时间,可以获得良好的COD和NH4+-N的降解效果。同时,KMnO4对活性污泥的抑制影响较好地吻合非竞争性抑制机理修正莫若特方程的规律。     

外循环式UASB反应器处理高浓度酒精废水

利用改进型上流式厌氧污泥床反应器在中温条件下处理高浓度酒精废水,研究反应器的启动影响因素及颗粒污泥形成过程,分析反应器运行特性。在容积负荷为10.39 kg COD/(m3.d),COD去除率达90.2%,VFA在300 mg/L以下,平均产气率为0.328 m3/kg COD,取得最佳的运行效果,为高浓度酒精废水的处理应用提供科学依据。     

曝气+化学絮凝法预处理环氧丙烷废水简

根据环氧丙烷废水的特点,应用电化学法处理具有较高的可行性。运用电化学法处理PO废水前必须进行废水预处理,用以提高电流效率和延长极板寿命。采用曝气和化学絮凝结合的方法去除PO废水中的Ca²⁺,同时去除部分COD。对曝气、无机絮凝剂（PACl、PFS）和有机絮凝剂（PAM）对PO废水处理过程中的曝气量、曝气时间、投药量、复配和沉降时间等主要影响因子进行了实验研究,通过比较Ca²⁺、COD的去除效果、絮凝剂用量、沉降时间、处理成本等方面,在设定的实验参数下得到最佳预处理方案为：曝气量为2.5 L/min,曝气45 min,投加Na₂CO₃粉末24 kg/t 废水,充分混匀后加入PFS+PAM复配絮凝剂。本方案具有废水处理效果好（Ca²⁺的去除率为77.03%,COD的去除率为37.46%）、投药量少（（100+7.5）g/t废水）、沉降时间短（5 min）、处理成本低（0.675元/t废水）等优点。通过对比经预处理和不经预处理后电化学法对COD去除效果、电流和处理后阴极表面,验证了预处理方案的必要性与可行性。     

Petroleum refinery stripped sour water treatment using the activated sludge process

A pilot study was performed over 91 days to determine if the activated sludge process could treat a segregated stripped sour water (SSW) stream from a petroleum refinery. The study was performed in two periods. The first period was terminated after 19 days, as a result of excessive sludge bulking. The elimination of sludge bulking during the 70-day second period is attributed to operational changes, which included aerating the influent to oxidize reduced sulfur, adjusting the influent pH, and adding micronutrients to satisfy biological requirements. The pilot plant provided a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of up to 93%. Nitrification was achieved, with effluent ammonia values < 1 mg-N/L. These results indicate that direct treatment of SSW with the activated sludge process is possible and has direct application to full-scale petroleum refinery wastewater plant upgrades.     

气升回流一体化工艺处理生活污水简

针对分散型生活污水处理开发了气升回流一体化工艺,以校园生活污水为对象,研究其对生活污水中污染物的去除效果。该系统由好氧区、厌氧区、沉淀区和气升室组成,以曝气的剩余气体的气升作用实现混合液的回流,节省动力消耗。结果表明,本工艺对COD、氨氮及悬浮物（SS）有较好的去除效果,去除率分别达到80%、90%和75%左右,出水COD、NH₄⁺-N及SS平均浓度在40 mg/L、6.5 mg/L和10 mg/L左右。当进水COD在100~1 000 mg/L之间波动时,出水水质稳定。该工艺有较强的抗冲击负荷能力,且可实现剩余污泥的自消解。本工艺具有结构紧凑、占地少,运行费用低,维护简单的特点。     

Toward better understanding and feasibility of controlling greenhouse gas emissions from treatment of industrial wastewater with activated sludge

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been recognized as important sources for anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. The objective of the study was to thoroughly investigate a typical industrial WWTP in southern Taiwan in winter and summer which possesses the emission factors close to those reported values, with the analyses of emission factors, mass fluxes, fugacity, lab-scale in situ experiments, and impact assessment. The activated sludge was the important source in winter and summer, and nitrous oxide (N₂O) was the main contributor (e.g., 57 to 91 % of total GHG emission in a unit of kg carbon dioxide-equivalent/kg chemical oxygen demand). Albeit important for the GHGs in the atmosphere, the fractional contribution of the GHG emission to the carbon or nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment was negligible (e.g., less than 1.5 %). In comparison with the sludge concentration or retention time, adjusting the aeration rate was more effective to diminish the GHG emission in the activated sludge without significantly affecting the treated water quality. When the aeration rate in the activated sludge simulation was reduced by 75 %, the mass flux of N₂O could be diminished by up to 53 % (from 9.6 to 4.5 mg/m²-day). The total emission in the WWTP (including carbon dioxide, methane, and N₂O) would decrease by 46 % (from 0.67 to 0.36 kg CO₂-equiv/kg COD). However, the more important benefit of changing the aeration rate was lowering the energy consumption in operation of the WWTP, as the fractional contribution of pumping to the total emission from the WWTP ranged from 46 to 93 % within the range of the aeration rate tested. Under the circumstance in which reducing the burden of climate change is a global campaign, the findings provide insight regarding the GHG emission from treatment of industrial wastewater and the associated impact on the treatment performance and possible mitigation strategies by operational modifications.

     

SBR法处理豆制品废水工艺条件的研究

用SBR法处理豆制品废水的试验表明，该系统具有较好的抗负荷冲击能力，进水COD在300—2000mg／L之间变化，对系统不造成任何影响；考察了曝气时间、曝气量和污泥浓度等对去除效果的影响，试验结果表明，曝气时间和曝气量对处理效果影响很大。确定该反应系统最佳曝气时间是8h，适宜的曝气量是800L／h，而污泥浓度控制在4000mg／L左右时，处理效率最高，采用进水顶出水的排水方式是可行的，确定系统的最佳排水比是3／5。厌氧段的插入可以减少剩余污泥的产量。     

SBR法处理豆制品废水工艺条件的研究

用SBR法处理豆制品废水的试验表明,该系统具有较好的抗负荷冲击能力,进水COD在300～2000 mg/L之间变化,对系统不造成任何影响;考察了曝气时间、曝气量和污泥浓度等对去除效果的影响,试验结果表明,曝气时间和曝气量对处理效果影响很大,确定该反应系统最佳曝气时间是8 h,适宜的曝气量是800 L/h,而污泥浓度控制在4000 mg/L左右时,处理效率最高,采用进水顶出水的排水方式是可行的,确定系统的最佳排水比是3/5.厌氧段的插入可以减少剩余污泥的产量.     

铁屑微电解-共沉淀法处理屠宰场废水的研究

利用铁屑微电解-共沉淀法处理屠宰场废水,介绍其作用机理,考察了废水pH值、铁屑用量、反应时间、曝气时间和操作方式等因素对色度和CODCr去除率的影响.结果表明,在废水pH值为4,铁屑用量为15%,常温反应4 h,曝气时间2 h条件下,色度去除率可达100%,CODCr去除率达92.68%.     

Co-treatment of acid mine drainage with municipal wastewater: performance evaluation

Co-treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) with municipal wastewater (MWW) using the activated sludge process is a novel treatment technology offering potential savings over alternative systems in materials, proprietary chemicals and energy inputs. The impacts of AMD on laboratory-scale activated sludge units (plug-flow and sequencing batch reactors) treating synthetic MWW were investigated. Synthetic AMD containing Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn and SO₄ at a range of concentrations and pH values was formulated to simulate three possible co-treatment processes, i.e., (1) adding raw AMD to the activated sludge aeration tank, (2) pre-treating AMD prior to adding to the aeration tank by mixing with digested sludge and (3) pre-treating AMD by mixing with screened MWW. Continuous AMD loading to the activated sludge reactors during co-treatment did not cause a significant decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, or total organic carbon removal; average COD removal rates ranged from 87–93 %. Enhanced phosphate removal was observed in reactors loaded with Fe- and Al-rich AMD, with final effluent TP concentrations <2 mg/L. Removal rates for dissolved Al, Cu, Fe and Pb were 52–84 %, 47–61 %, 74–86 % and 100 %, respectively, in both systems. Manganese and Zn removal were strongly linked to acidity; removal from net-acidic AMD was <10 % for both metals, whereas removal from circum-neutral AMD averaged 93–95 % for Mn and 58–90 % for Zn. Pre-mixing with screened MWW was the best process option in terms of AMD neutralization and metal removal. However, significant MWW alkalinity was consumed, suggesting an alkali supplement may be necessary.     

微波法制备污泥活性炭研究

采用微波加热法,以污水厂剩余污泥为原料,磷酸为污泥活化剂制备污泥活性炭.微波功率、辐照时间和磷酸浓度对污泥活性炭吸附性能具有显著影响,在最佳工艺条件微波功率480 W、辐照时间315 s和磷酸浓度40%条件下制得的活性炭碘值301 mg/g,比表面积168 m2/g,污泥中重金属绝大部分被固化.与传统商品炭相比,污泥炭孔隙结构以中孔为主.利用该活性炭处理城市生活污水处理厂出水,COD去除率可达87%以上,污泥炭的吸附等温线用Langmuir等温吸附模型进行描述.     

固定化菌藻系统对污水处理厂出水的深度处理

将海藻酸钠固定化活性污泥和小球藻制成颗粒小球,以自制的流化床反应器对重庆市某污水处理厂出水进行深度处理,探讨了系统对氨氮、TP、COD的去除效果,实验结果表明:在HRT=12 h,溶解氧浓度为3.0 mg/L左右,pH值为6.2至8.0之间,环境室温条件下,系统对氨氮、TP、COD均有较好的去除效果,系统稳定运行后对氨氮、TP、COD去除率基本维持在60%、60%和30%以上,出水氨氮、TP、COD浓度基本维持在8、0.5和40 mg/L以下,出水浓度达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)的一级A标准。这项研究显示固定化菌藻胶球系统在污水处理厂出水的深度处理中具有潜在的应用前景。     

一体式A/O反应器中不同碳硫比对除碳脱臭效率的影响

在污水处理领域同步除碳脱臭研究一直是个难题,本实验开发了一种新型同步除碳脱臭一体式A/O反应器,研究了该一体式A/O反应器处理不同碳硫比有机废水时的同步除碳脱臭功能。结果表明,碳硫比为30∶1时,即进水SO24-浓度为133 mg/L,该反应器总COD去除率可达到95%。在进水SO24-浓度不大于400 mg/L时,中间产物臭气硫化氢气可以完全去除,实现了同步除碳脱臭的功能,减少了在有机废水处理过程中的大量臭气的排放。微生物学角度分析,表明污泥中含有大量的硫细菌。     

Optimization of the intermittent aeration in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant biological reactor for nitrogen removal.

The optimization of the intermittent aeration in a full-scale biological reactor treating municipal and industrial wastewater has been studied by means of an experimental design, where the main factors considered have been the on-off period of aeration and the dissolved-oxygen set point. The objective of the work has been to determine the optimal configuration of the aeration control to achieve a simultaneous removal of carbon (expressed as chemical oxygen demand [COD]) and nitrogen. The results were obtained in a full-scale bioreactor located at the wastewater treatment plant of Sant Celoni (Barcelona, Spain), where a nitrogen removal based on a nitrification-denitrification process is being tested. It has been shown that the crucial parameter to ensure a complete removal of COD and nitrogen is to give the system a long time of on-off aeration to complete both the nitrification and the denitrification processes, whereas the dissolved-oxygen set point has a minor influence on the overall performance. The results presented can be applied to a great number of similar systems, in which a nitrogen removal, based on a nitrification-denitrification scheme, is currently being tested or implemented.