气相色谱法测定废水和废气中N′,N-二甲基甲酰胺

以气相色谱石英毛细管柱分离、ＦＩＤ检测,测定废水和废气中Ｎ′,Ｎ－二甲基甲酰胺（ＤＭＦ）。在１０ｍｇ／Ｌ～１８８１０ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内有良好的线性关系。检测限：废水为０５ｍｇ／Ｌ;废气为０８ｍｇ／ｍ３。样品测定的相对标准差为４％～８％,回收率在７６％～１１２％之间,精密度和准确度均较好     

Source identification and apportionment of PM2.5 and PM2.5−10 in iron and steel scrap smelting factory environment using PMF,PCFA and UNMIX receptor models

To identify the potential sources responsible for the particulate matter emission from secondary iron and steel smelting factory environment, PM_2.5 and PM_2.5?10 particles were collected using the low-volume air samplers twice a week for a year. The samples were analyzed for the elemental and black carbon content using x-ray fluorescence spectrometer and optical transmissometer, respectively. The average mass concentrations were 216.26, 151.68, and 138. 62 μg/m³ for PM_2.5 and 331.36, 190.01, and 184.60 μg/m³ for PM_2.5?10 for the production, outside M1 and outside M2 sites, respectively. The same size resolved data set were used as input for the positive matrix factorization (PMF), principal component factor analysis (PCFA), and Unmix (UNMIX) receptor modeling in order to identify the possible sources of particulate matter and their contribution. The PMF resolved four sources with their respective contributions were metal processing (33 %), e-waste (33 %), diesel emission (22 %) and soil (12 %) for PM_2.5, and coking (50 %), soil (29 %), metal processing (16 %) and diesel combustion (5 %) for PM_2.5?10. PCFA identified soil, metal processing, Pb source, and diesel combustion contributing 45, 41, 9, and 5 %, respectively to PM_2.5 while metal processing, soil, coal combustion and open burning contributed 43, 38, 12, and 7 %, respectively to the PM_2.5?10. Also, UNMIX identified metal processing, soil, and diesel emission with 43, 42 and 15 % contributions, respectively for the fine fraction, and metal processing (71 %), soil (21 %) and unidentified source (1 %) for the coarse fraction. The study concluded that metal processing and e-waste are the major sources contributing to the fine fraction while coking and soil contributed to the coarse fraction within the factory environment. The application of PMF, PCFA and UNMIX receptor models improved the source identification and apportionment of particulate matter drive in the study area.     

地面水中氨,硝酸盐,亚硝酸盐,氯化物,正磷酸盐,总硬度和硅酸盐的同时测定

用AQUA800辨别分析仪同时测定地面水中的氨、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氯化物、正磷酸盐、总硬度和硅酸盐,是一种简便、迅速、准确、可靠的测定方法,样品无需预处理,精密度试验其变异系数分别为1．24％、2．18％、2．02％、2．67％、2．35％、3．57％、4．78％,加标回收率分别为103．5％、101．0％、95．0％、99．2％、97．6％、101．5％、98．0％,方法检测限分别为氨0．022mg／L,硝酸盐0．015mp／L,亚硝酸盐0．002tug／L,氯化物0．47mg／L,正磷酸盐0．015mg／L,总硬度17．6mg／L,硅酸盐0．55mg/L,能满足地面水中辨别分析仪同时测定氨、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐点化物、正磷酸盐、总硬度和硅酸盐分析测定的要求。     

The occurrence of glyphosate, atrazine, and other pesticides in vernal pools and adjacent streams in Washington, DC, Maryland, Iowa, and Wyoming, 2005–2006

Vernal pools are sensitive environments that provide critical habitat for many species, including amphibians. These small water bodies are not always protected by pesticide label requirements for no-spray buffer zones, and the occurrence of pesticides in them is poorly documented. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of glyphosate, its primary degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid, and additional pesticides in vernal pools and adjacent flowing waters. Most sampling sites were chosen to be in areas where glyphosate was being used either in production agriculture or for nonindigenous plant control. The four site locations were in otherwise protected areas (e.g., in a National Park). When possible, water samples were collected both before and after glyphosate application in 2005 and 2006. Twenty-eight pesticides or pesticide degradation products were detected in the study, and as many as 11 were identified in individual samples. Atrazine was detected most frequently and concentrations exceeded the freshwater aquatic life standard of 1.8 micrograms per liter (microg/l) in samples from Rands Ditch and Browns Ditch in DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge. Glyphosate was measured at the highest concentration (328 microg/l) in a sample from Riley Spring Pond in Rock Creek National Park. This concentration exceeded the freshwater aquatic life standard for glyphosate of 65 microg/l. Aminomethylphosphonic acid, triclopyr, and nicosulfuron also were detected at concentrations greater than 3.0 microg/l.     

抓住机遇,走出困境,谋求发展

抓住机遇，走出困境，谋求发展ＣａｔｃｈＯｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｔｙ，ＧｅｔＲｉｄｏｆＤｉｌｅｍｍａａｎｄＳｅｋＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇＲｏａｄ王宜党（盐城市环境监测中心站盐城２２４００２）国家环境保护局《关于进一步加强环境监测工作的决定》指出：“环境监测实质上...     

火焰原子吸收法测定河流沉积物中微量铜,铅,锌,镉,镍

河流沉积物中微量金属元素的原子吸收测定法已有报道,通常采用的分解方法是用高氯酸—氢氟酸—硝酸混合酸体系消解.但此法的分解效果不是很好,分解液中往往有油脂状物质残留,分解后期会出现溅暴现象,影响测定结果的重现性和准确性.本文研究了用氯酸—氢氟酸—硝酸混合酸体系分解河流沉积物样品.与上述方法比较,此方法分解效果好,分解液澄清,没有油脂状物质残留;操作方便,避免了溅暴现象.     

火焰原子吸收法测定人发中铜,锌,钙,镁

环境、微量元素及人体健康之间存在着十分密切的关系.迄今为止,在人体内已经发现了60多种微量元素.人发中的微量元素含量,可以反映出人体微量元素的水平.人发样品易于采集,易于保存,代表性好.因而测定人发微量元素的工作对环境科学、诊断疾病、评定营养状况和环境污染状况等方面起着重要作用.     

火焰原子吸收法测定大气降尘中的铜,铅,锌,镉

火焰原子吸收法测定大气降尘中的铜、铅、锌、镉康新立（山西省运城地区环保局０４４０００）杨俊玲（山西省运城地区药检所０４４０００）大气中重金属的测定，以往是将大气中重金属采集到氯乙烯滤膜上，用氯仿溶解滤膜后，直接用火焰原子吸收法进行测定，由于含量较低，...     

Distribution, correlation, and source apportionment of selected metals in tannery effluents, related soils, and groundwater—a case study from Multan, Pakistan

The short-term responses of H₂O₂-depletion-related parameters in moss Hypnum plumaeforme to the combined stress induced by Pb and Ni were investigated. The results showed that the Pb and Ni stress induced dose-dependent accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The increase of peroxidase (POD) activity and decrease of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity were observed under the combined heavy metal application. The antioxidants, ascorbate (AsA) and proline content, increased significantly when the metals were applied together. The study indicated that the cell damage caused by Pb stress was higher than that caused by Ni stress, Pb and Ni had synergistic effect in inducing the oxidative stress in moss H. plumaeforme, especially under the combination of high concentration of Ni (0.1 and 1.0 mM) and Pb. Content of proline, H₂O₂ and the activity of POD, all showed a dose-dependent increase under Pb and Ni stress, suggesting their practical value as biomarkers in moss biomonitoring, especially in the case of light pollution caused by heavy metals without the changes in the appearance of mosses.     

与时俱进,开拓创新,努力开创环境监测工作新局面

在党的“十六大”召开前夕 ,我们召开了第六次全国环境监测工作会议。会议开得很成功 ,富有成效。心芳同志代表总局所作的工作报告 ,我完全同意 ,希望大家回去后认真组织学习 ,抓好落实。下面 ,我讲三点意见 :1　环境保护工作取得的主要成绩90年代以来 ,特别是 1 998年以来 ,党中央、国务院对环境保护高度重视。江泽民总书记把环境保护摆到关系国家前途和命运的战略高度 ,作出了一系列重要指示 ,为正确处理经济社会发展和环境保护的关系 ,保障国家环境安全指明了方向。各级党委和政府在环境保护和可持续发展领域做了大量工作 ,全民环境意识…     

Effect of particulate matter, atmospheric gases, temperature, and humidity on respiratory and circulatory diseases’ trends in Lisbon, Portugal

This study addresses the significant effects of both well-known contaminants (particles, gases) and less-studied variables (temperature, humidity) on serious, if relatively common, respiratory and circulatory diseases. The area of study is Lisbon, Portugal, and time series of health outcome (daily admissions in 12 hospitals) and environmental data (daily averages of air temperature, relative humidity, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO, NO₂, CO, and O₃) have been gathered for 1999–2004 to ascertain (1) whether concentrations of air pollutants and levels of temperature and humidity do interfere on human health, as gauged by hospital admissions due to respiratory and circulatory ailments; and (2) whether there is an effect of population age in such admissions. In general terms, statistically significant (p?<?0.001) correlations were found between hospital admissions and temperature, humidity, PM₁₀, and all gaseous pollutants except CO and NO. Age appears to influence respiratory conditions in association with temperature, whereas, for circulatory conditions, such an influence likely involves temperature as well as the gaseous pollutants NO₂ and SO₂.     

Risk assessment of trace metals in an extreme environment sediment: shallow,hypersaline, alkaline,and industrial Lake Acıgöl,Denizli, Turkey

The major and trace element component of 48 recent sediment samples in three distinct intervals (0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm) from Lake Ac?göl is described to present the current contamination levels and grift structure of detrital and evaporate mineral patterns of these sediments in this extreme saline environment. The spatial and vertical concentrations of major oxides were not uniform in the each subsurface interval. However, similar spatial distribution patterns were observed for some major element couples, due mainly to the detrital and evaporate origin of these elements. A sequential extraction procedure including five distinct steps was also performed to determine the different bonds of trace elements in the <?60-μ particulate size of recent sediments. Eleven trace elements (Ni, Fe, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Co, Cr, Al and Mn) in nine surface and subsurface sediment samples were analyzed with chemical partitioning procedures to determine the trace element percentage loads in these different sequential extraction phases. The obtained accuracy values via comparison of the bulk trace metal loads with the total loads of five extraction steps were satisfying for the Ni, Fe, Cd, Zn, and Co. While, bulk analysis results of the Cu, Ni, and V elements have good correlation with total organic matter, organic fraction of sequential extraction characterized by Cu, As, Cd, and Pb. Shallow Lake Ac?göl sediment is characteristic with two different redox layer a) oxic upper level sediments, where trace metals are mobilized, b) reduced subsurface level, where the trace metals are precipitated.     

Environmental Contaminants in Blood, Hair, and Tissues of Ocelots from the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, 1986–1997

The ocelot (Felis pardalis) isan endangered neotropical cat distributed within asmall range in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV), inTexas, U.S.A. Studies of the impacts of environmentalcontaminants in wild cats are few. Approximately onefourth of the estimated population (about 100) ofocelots in the LRGV was sampled to evaluate theimpacts of chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinatedbiphenyls, and trace elements on the population. Hairwas collected from 32 ocelots trapped between 1986–1992,and blood was collected from 20 ocelots trappedbetween 1993–1997. A few blood samples were obtainedfrom individuals recaptured two or three times. Tissue samples from 4 road-killed ocelots were alsoanalyzed. DDE, PCBs, and Hg were some of the mostcommon contaminants detected in hair and blood. MeanHg levels in hair ranged from 0.5 to 1.25 g g^-1 dw,Se from 1.5 to 3.48 g g^-1 dw, and Pb from 0.56 to26.8 g g^-1 dw. Mean DDE concentrations in plasma ranged from 0.005 g g^-1 ww to 0.153 g g^-1 ww, and PCBs ranged from 0.006 g g^-1 ww to 0.092 g g^-1 ww. Mean Hg levels in red blood cells rangedfrom 0.056 g g^-1 dw to 0.25 g g^-1 dw. Concentrations of DDE, PCBs, or Hg, did not increasesignificantly with age, although the highestconcentrations of DDE and Hg were found in olderanimals. Overall, concentrations of DDE, PCBs, and Hgwere low and at levels that currently do not pose anythreat to health or survival of the ocelot. This isfurther supported by good reproduction of the ocelotin the LRGV, where adult females averaged about 1.5kittens/litter. Thus, it seems that the current majorthreat to recovery of the ocelot in the LRGV may behabitat loss, although potential impacts of newgeneration pesticides, such as organophosphorus andcarbamate insecticides need further study.     

运用计算机分析钙,镁,总硬度数据

计算机在环境监测中的应用已经很普及,但主要是将FOXPRO、FOXBASE、DBASE等数据库语言运用于环境统计、环境评价等数据的处理中。BASIC语言以它的通俗易懂、易学、易掌握、适用范围广等特点受到广大计算机用户的欢迎。我们经过实践编制了简便实用的BASIC程序,并将其运用于环境监测分析数据的计算与分析中,使工作效率大大提高,减少了劳动强度。1分析项目的方法及计算公式水的总硬度是指钙和镁的总浓度,它是地下水和地面水的必测项目之一。EDTA络合滴定法简单快速,是一般最常选用的方法。在分析测试中,一般是先分析后计算…     

陇南山地贫困区人口,资源,环境与发展

通过１９９８年中国西部扶贫世界银行贷款农业开发项目环境影响评价工作,对甘肃省陇南山地贫困区的贫困成因及人口和生态环境现状进行分析,提出了实现该地区脱贫致富和人口,资源,环境,经济协调发展的主要途径。     

高效富集——火焰原子吸收法测定清洁水中痕量铜,铅,锌,镉

采用高效富集技术，以火焰原子吸收法测定清洁水中痕量铜，铅，锌，镉，检测限分别为０．３，１．６，１．１和０．２ｍｇ／ｌ，精密度好，准确度高，满足日常分析要求。     

新疆大芸中铀,钍,镭,^9^0锶,^1^3^7铯的含量

对新疆中草药大芸中铀、钍、镭、~(90)锶、~(137)铯进行了含量测定,取得数据结果,并与浙江茶叶、宁夏枸杞子中五种核素含量进行了对比,提供有关部分参考。