超声-双氧水和亚铁离子体系处理含酚废水研究

在实验装置上对超声-双氧水和亚铁离子体系联合处理含酚废水进行了实验研究。主要考察了废水初始pH值、初始双氧水浓度、超声功率、反应时间等因素对酚去除率的影响。实验结果表明：超声辐射可以在双氧水和亚铁离子体系氧化过程中起加速反应的作用，而且随着超声功率的增大，加速反应的能力增强；实验条件下废水初始pH值为4～6．8，初始双氧水浓度为140mg／L时酚去除效果最佳；超声-双氧水和亚铁离子体系处理含酚废水过程中苯酚的降解规律符合表现一级反应。     

含酚废水的超声降解研究进展

超声处理污水技术是一项新兴的颇有发展前途的水处理技术，本文论述了超声降解含酚废水的反应机理，特点和影响因素，并对该技术在处理含酚类废水治理中存在的问题和今后的发展趋势进行了讨论。     

焦化废水处理技术研究进展

焦化废水主要来自炼焦和煤气净化过程产生的废水,含有难降解的有机化合物。目前,焦化废水一般按常规方法先进行预处理,然后进行生物脱酚二次处理。近年来,国内外学者开展了大量的研究工作,找到了许多比较有效的焦化废水治理技术,主要有生物处理法、化学处理法、物理化学处理法和废水循环利用。     

焦化废水脱酚的工艺研究

为脱除焦化废水中的酚，本文研究了新型化学破乳法液膜脱酚的工艺，确定了搅拌塔操作条件，并实际应用于焦化厂含酚废水的处理中，结果表明该工艺具有良好的脱酚效果。     

微生物降解炼油厂含酚废水的实验研究

采用燕化集团公司炼油事业部污水厂的活性污泥为菌源 ,好氧条件下通过分离、驯化筛选出三种高效降酚微生物。并在实验室模拟三相生物流化床分别对人工含酚废水和燕山石化炼油厂含酚废水进行降解实验 ,结果显示 ,在三相生物流化床中使用微生物包埋法制作的海藻酸钙载体处理含酚废水 ,3小时段内降酚显著 ,t -testP <0 0 1,处理效果良好 ,并以海藻酸钠为主要原料制作载体可以极大降低处理成本     

超声/臭氧氧化处理含酚废水实验研究

在实验装置上对超声/臭氧联合处理含酚废水进行了实验研究。考察了废水初始pH值、反应时间、臭氧通入量、超声功率等因素对酚去除率的影响。研究表明,超声辐射在臭氧氧化过程中起加速反应的作用,而且随着超声功率的增大,加速反应的能力增强;废水初始pH值为11时酚去除效果最佳;随着臭氧通入量的增大、反应时间的延长,酚去除率不断增大;超声/臭氧处理酚废水过程中酚的降解规律符合表观一级反应。     

含铜废水处理技术现状

含铜废水主要来源于工业生产过程,如不经过适当处理排入环境,将给环境带来极大危害。含铜废水的主要处理方法有化学沉淀法、离子交换法、电解法等。由于各生产过程不同,废水中铜的存在状态与价态都各有差异,对于不同类型含铜废水的处理应依据废水性质,选用不同工艺或工艺组合对废水进行处理,以满足排放标准的要求。同时在处理含铜废水时,应考虑处理后出水的回用和废水中铜的资源化问题。     

臭氧氧化法处理高浓度苯酚废水

采用臭氧氧化技术对高浓度含酚废水进行了研究.考察了臭氧进气量、反应时间、温度及溶液初始pH值等因素对苯酚COD的去除率的影响.研究表明:在一定范围内,随臭氧进气量的增加、反应时间的增长,COD去除率增大;温度对COD去除率的影响不大;溶液的初始pH值对臭氧氧化有比较重要的影响,在pH值为11～12左右时,COD的去除率最大;在臭氧氧化处理高浓度含酚废水的过程中,酚的降解规律符合表观一级反应.     

含铜制药有机废水的处理研究

通过试验，采用将化学沉淀和生物处理相结合的工艺流程及方法处理含铜有机废水，经处理后的出水Cu^2 符合排放标准。     

邻甲苯酚生产含酚废水处理试验

采用活性炭吸附和过氧化氢氧化两步联合处理邻甲苯酚生产含酚废水。通过试验得到活性炭吸附等温方程，活性炭去除COD负荷为550（mg/g－活性炭）；氧化处理的最佳配比，以及过氧化氢投加量等处理工艺条件。在试验选定的最佳条件下处理废水，挥发酚的去除率达100％，CODcr去除率达95％。     

Present situation of wastewater treatment in the Iranian industrial estates: Recycle and reuse as a solution for achieving goals of eco-industrial parks

Iran is located in arid and semi-arid region, which means water resource management is a strategic issue for this country. Water scarcity is one of the most critical concerns of industrial estates in Iran. For this reason, recycling and reusing of treated wastewater is the most practical solution for compensating of water shortage in industrial estates. Currently, only 20% of total treated wastewater is used for irrigation and almost 0.81% is consumed for industrial purpose. This study presents an overview on the wastewater management at the Iranian industrial estates for the purpose of achieving the goal of eco-industrial parks by describing the present situation and discussing the experiences of wastewater reuse systems for irrigation and industrial purposes. The aims of this study was to provide an overview of the wastewater management at the industrial estates in Iran towards achieving eco-industrial parks by describing present states and the outcome of wastewater consumption for irrigation and industrial purposes.     

Toxicity identification and high-efficiency treatment of aging chemical industrial wastewater from the Hangu Reservoir, China

The Hangu Reservoir, located in Binhai New Area, Tianjin, China, receives mixed wastewater from a chemical industrial park. The aging chemical industrial wastewater is less biodegradable and contains complex hazardous substances, thus having an adverse effect on local ecological service function of the reservoir and on local economic and social development. In this study, key toxicants in the aging chemical industrial wastewater from the Hangu Reservoir were systematically identified by the toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs), and the treatment efficiency of the aging chemical industrial wastewater was examined and optimized by a municipal wastewater treatment process simulated in a laboratory. According to the TIE results using and wheat seeds as tested organisms, Cl, Cu, Pb, and Zn were identified as key toxicants in the aging chemical industrial wastewater, with concentrations of 7349.11, 0.01, 0.07, and 0.07 mg L, respectively, which were confirmed by subsequent spiking approaches. Based on the TIE results, the aging chemical industrial wastewater could be classified as high-salinity wastewater. The co-treatment of the aging chemical industrial wastewater and municipal wastewater may be an effective and low-cost method. The treatment efficiency of the mixed wastewater increased with an increase in the volume ratio of municipal wastewater to aging chemical industrial wastewater. When the volume ratio was 10:1, the best removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total N, and total P were up to 85.1, 89.3, and 96.5%, respectively, whereas the toxicity unit of the treated wastewater was reduced to 0.50.     

基于EBM模型的长江经济带工业用水效率时空差异及影响因素分析

工业化进程的加快使得工业水资源需求不断增加,工业废水排放量也越来越大,如何提高工业用水效率从而缓解水资源压力成为日益严峻的问题。本文选取工业用水量、工业就业人数、工业固定资本和工业废水治理费用作为投入指标,以工业增加值与工业废水排放量作为期望与非期望产出指标。首先利用EBM模型计算长江经济带2008—2017年工业用水效率,其次利用泰尔指数来分析工业用水效率的区域差距,最后利用面板Tobit模型来分析影响不同地区工业用水效率的驱动因素。结果显示,近年来长江经济带的工业用水效率呈波动下降趋势,不同地区效率差异明显;经济发展水平、工业化程度、技术水平、水资源禀赋和政府环境管制力度对长江经济带的工业用水效率都有一定影响,但存在地区差异。     

紫露草微核技术对工业废水监测的应用

利用紫露草微核技术，以自来水为对照，不同浓度的氯化汞、三氧化二砷溶液及十几个工厂废水进行微核效应比较试验，筛选出破坏遗传物质的工业废水及其相应的污染水平。观察紫露草微核率变化及细胞的分裂情况，证明紫露草微核技术是监测工业废水的良好方法。     

中国工业废水治理效率评价

基于投入产出的思想,应用DEA模型对2008年中国工业废水治理效率进行静态评价,得出各地区当前工业废水治理效率.用Malmquist指数对中国2003-2008年工业废水治理效率进行动态评价,分别得出近几年中国工业废水治理的名义全要素生产率和实际全要素生产率.结果表明,中国工业废水平均治理效率仅为0.630,2008年达到DEA有效的地区仅占16.7％,几乎所有地区都处在规模收益递减;2003-2008年间的中国工业废水治理名义T下P为0.922,实际TFP为0.943,即分别在此期间平均每年下降7.8％和5.7％,造成逐年下降的主要原因是技术的落后.     

A comparative analysis of methods to represent uncertainty in estimating the cost of constructing wastewater treatment plants

Prediction of construction cost of wastewater treatment facilities could be influential for the economic feasibility of various levels of water pollution control programs. However, construction cost estimation is difficult to precisely evaluate in an uncertain environment and measured quantities are always burdened with different types of cost structures. Therefore, an understanding of the previous development of wastewater treatment plants and of the related construction cost structures of those facilities becomes essential for dealing with an effective regional water pollution control program. But deviations between the observed values and the estimated values are supposed to be due to measurement errors only in the conventional regression models. The inherent uncertainties of the underlying cost structure, where the human estimation is influential, are rarely explored. This paper is designed to recast a well-known problem of construction cost estimation for both domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plants via a comparative framework. Comparisons were made for three technologies of regression analyses, including the conventional least squares regression method, the fuzzy linear regression method, and the newly derived fuzzy goal regression method. The case study, incorporating a complete database with 48 domestic wastewater treatment plants and 29 industrial wastewater treatment plants being collected in Taiwan, implements such a cost estimation procedure in an uncertain environment. Given that the fuzzy structure in regression estimation may account for the inherent human complexity in cost estimation, the fuzzy goal regression method does exhibit more robust results in terms of some criteria. Moderate economy of scale exists in constructing both the domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plants. Findings indicate that the optimal size of a domestic wastewater treatment plant is approximately equivalent to 15,000 m3/day (CMD) and higher in Taiwan. Yet the optimal size of an industrial wastewater treatment plant could fall in between 6000 CMD and 20,000 CMD.     

用改良彗星试验检测工业废水的DNA损伤作用

采用改良彗星试验直接检测了多种工业废水不所引起的Ｖ７９细胞ＤＮＡ损伤。结果表明,所测的种各工业废话水均含有ＤＮＡ损伤剂,能够诱发培养的Ｖ７９细胞ＤＮＡ链断裂,其中以制革厂不的ＤＮＡ损伤作用最强。本研究显示出改良彗星试验在综合评价各种废水遗传毒性方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

空间溢出视角下的环境规制与绿色发展——困境还是协调？

绿色发展是未来经济发展的必然趋势,提升绿色全要素生产率是实现绿色发展的重要途径,环境规制是解决环境问题的有效保障。本文采用2004—2019年30个省级面板数据,构建动态空间杜宾模型,实证研究了环境总体规制、工业废气规制、工业废水规制、工业固体废物规制和光污染规制对绿色全要素生产率的空间溢出影响。研究发现,环境总体规制对本地绿色全要素生产率的影响呈U形,工业废气规制、工业废水规制和工业固体废物规制的研究结果存在同一规律,而光污染规制起抑制作用。总体规制对邻地绿色全要素生产率的影响呈倒U形,具体规制的影响各不相同,工业废气规制与总体规制的结果类似,而工业废水规制的空间溢出效应表现为负,工业固体废物规制和光污染规制的空间溢出效应不显著。本文从实证角度验证了“绿水青山”和“金山银山”的兼容性,环境规制和效率提升并不矛盾。在制定环境政策时,需考虑区域间的相互协调和实际产业情况。     

Cost-effectiveness of two operational models at industrial wastewater treatment plants in China: A case study in Shengze town,Suzhou City

The widespread illegal discharge of industrial wastewater in China has posed significant challenges to the effective management of industrial wastewater treatment plants (IWTPs) and caused or exacerbated critical social issues such as trans-boundary environmental pollution. This study examines two operational strategies, decentralized model and an innovative integrated model, that have been used in the industrial town of Shengze (located in Suzhou City) over the past two decades at IWTPs handling wastewater from the city’s dyeing industry. Our cost-effectiveness analysis shows that, although the operational cost of IWTPs under the integrated model is higher than under the original decentralized model, the integrated model has significantly improved IWTP performance and effectively reduced illegal discharge of industrial wastewater. As a result, the number of reported incidents of unacceptable pollution in local receiving water bodies had declined from 13 in 2000–1 in 2008. Key factors contributing to the success of the innovative integrated model are strong support from municipal and provincial leaders, mandatory ownership transfer of IWTPs to a centralized management body, strong financial incentives for proper plant management, and geographically-clustered IWTPs.     

Chemical industry wastewater treatment

Treatment of chemical industrial wastewater from building and construction chemicals factory and plastic shoes manufacturing factory was investigated. The two factories discharge their wastewater into the public sewerage network. The results showed the wastewater discharged from the building and construction chemicals factory was highly contaminated with organic compounds. The average values of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were 2912 and 150 mgO₂/l. Phenol concentration up to 0.3 mg/l was detected. Chemical treatment using lime aided with ferric chloride proved to be effective and produced an effluent characteristics in compliance with Egyptian permissible limits. With respect to the other factory, industrial wastewater was mixed with domestic wastewater in order to lower the organic load. The COD, BOD values after mixing reached 5239 and 2615 mgO₂/l. The average concentration of phenol was 0.5 mg/l. Biological treatment using activated sludge or rotating biological contactor (RBC) proved to be an effective treatment system in terms of producing an effluent characteristic within the permissible limits set by the law. Therefore, the characteristics of chemical industrial wastewater determine which treatment system to utilize. Based on laboratory results engineering design of each treatment system was developed and cost estimate prepared.