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排污税作为一种税收手段,可以弥补现阶段实行的排污费制度中存在的不足,但目前国内对于水环境重金属污染的环境税制度尚处于可行性研究阶段.针对电镀行业重金属污染,建立了一个排污税定量计算模型.与现有排污费制度相比,该模型将政府监管费用单独列出加以计算,并引入了重金属毒性系数Ti和排污税区域系数Q.通过对广东省某电镀企业的案例分析,证明模型具有易于被企业接受、超标罚款力度大、税款去向明确的特点.另外,该模型还可以通过引入行业系数H的方法推广到其他重金属排污行业,行业系数H的确定采用权重值法. 相似文献
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电镀综合废水处理新技术—高压脉冲电凝系统 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
高压脉冲电凝系统为当今世界新一代电化学水处理设备,对电镀含铬废水及多种混合废水中的锌、镍、铜、镉、氰化物、磷、油等物有显著的治理效果,是较理想的电镀综合废水治理新工艺,尤其对大、中型电镀行业具有很好的推广应用价值。 相似文献
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乡镇电镀厂含铬废水治理 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对于乡镇企业电镀厂的废水治理,工艺技术要简单,以便于掌握和正常运行;费用也不能太高,使乡镇企业能够和愿意承受.我们根据本区10几家电镀厂生产能力和业务量不大、污染因子往往比较单一的特点,通过实际工作,改进了电镀废水处理技术,降低了生产成本.本文重点是介绍Cr~(6+)的治理.2 工艺方案本区乡镇电镀厂废水普遍含铬,Cr~(6+)毒性大,是一类污染物.因此工艺重点是治理Cr,兼顾其他重金属离子Cu、Zn等.2.1 原理采用电镀废水中常用的还原沉淀法,即Cr~(6+)还原为Cr~(3+),然后在碱性条件下形成Cr(OH)_3沉淀.但不用亚铁盐或焦亚硫酸钠, 相似文献
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分步沉淀—絮凝法在电镀废水处理中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据某无线电厂电镀废水的特点和该厂现有设备及条件,选择NaOH和Na_2S作为沉淀剂,PAM作为絮凝剂,进行了分步沉淀—絮凝法处理该厂电镀废水的试验,结果表明该方法是切实可行的。 相似文献
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某厂化学镀镍线产生的主要污染物为大气污染、水污染和固体废物污染。其中大气污染物主要为硫酸雾。水污染物为总镍、总铜、化学需氧量、悬浮物、总磷、氨氮等。固废废弃物均为危险废物,包括废包装材料、酸性废液、含镍废液。该文分析了化学镀镍线产生的废气、废水和固体废物的主要来源,并提出了防止污染的对策。 相似文献
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Anand J. Rao Krishna R. Pagilla Arun S. Wagh 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):1623-1631
ABSTRACT Bench-scale and full-scale investigations of waste stabilization and volume reduction were conducted using spiked soil and ash wastes containing heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Hg. The waste streams were stabilized and solidified using chemically bonded phosphate ceramic (CBPC) binder, and then compacted by either uniaxial or harmonic press for volume reduction. The physical properties of the final waste forms were determined by measuring volume reduction, density, porosity, and compressive strength. The leachability of heavy metals in the final waste forms was determined by a toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test and a 90-day immersion test (ANS 16.1). The structural composition and nature of waste forms were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. CBPC binder and compaction can achieve 80-wt % waste loading and 39-47% reduction in waste volume. Compressive strength of final waste forms ranged from 1500 to 2000 psi. TCLP testing of waste forms showed that all heavy metals except Hg passed the TCLP limits using the phosphate-based binder. When Na2S was added to the binder, the waste forms also passed TCLP limits for Hg. Long-term leachability resistance of the final waste forms was achieved for all metals in both soil and ash wastes, and the leachability index was ~14. XRD patterns of waste forms indicated vermiculite in the ash waste was chemically incorporated into the CBPC matrix. SEM showed that waste forms are layered when compacted by uniaxial press and are homogeneous when compacted by harmonic press. 相似文献
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Rao AJ Pagilla KR Wagh AS 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2000,50(9):1623-1631
Bench-scale and full-scale investigations of waste stabilization and volume reduction were conducted using spiked soil and ash wastes containing heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Hg. The waste streams were stabilized and solidified using chemically bonded phosphate ceramic (CBPC) binder, and then compacted by either uniaxial or harmonic press for volume reduction. The physical properties of the final waste forms were determined by measuring volume reduction, density, porosity, and compressive strength. The leachability of heavy metals in the final waste forms was determined by a toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test and a 90-day immersion test (ANS 16.1). The structural composition and nature of waste forms were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. CBPC binder and compaction can achieve 80-wt% waste loading and 39-47% reduction in waste volume. Compressive strength of final waste forms ranged from 1500 to 2000 psi. TCLP testing of waste forms showed that all heavy metals except Hg passed the TCLP limits using the phosphate-based binder. When Na2S was added to the binder, the waste forms also passed TCLP limits for Hg. Long-term leachability resistance of the final waste forms was achieved for all metals in both soil and ash wastes, and the leachability index was approximately 14. XRD patterns of waste forms indicated vermiculite in the ash waste was chemically incorporated into the CBPC matrix. SEM showed that waste forms are layered when compacted by uniaxial press and are homogeneous when compacted by harmonic press. 相似文献
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Pornwipa Klangsin Anna K. Harding 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(6):516-526
ABSTRACT This study investigated medical waste practices used by hospitals in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, which includes the majority of hospitals in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Region 10. During the fall of 1993, 225 hospitals were surveyed with a response rate of 72.5%. The results reported here focus on infectious waste segregation practices, medical waste treatment and disposal practices, and the operating status of hospital incinerators in these three states. Hospitals were provided a definition of medical waste in the survey, but were queried about how they define infectious waste. The results implied that there was no consensus about which agency or organization's definition of infectious waste should be used in their waste management programs. Confusion around the definition of infectious waste may also have contributed to the finding that almost half of the hospitals are not segregating infectious waste from other medical waste. The most frequently used practice of treating and disposing of medical waste was the use of private haulers that transport medical waste to treatment facilities (61.5%). The next most frequently reported techniques were pouring into municipal sewage (46.6%), depositing in landfills (41.6%), and autoclaving (32.3%). Other methods adopted by hospitals included Electro-Thermal-Deac-tivation (ETD), hydropulping, microwaving, and grinding before pouring into the municipal sewer. Hospitals were asked to identify all methods they used in the treatment and disposal of medical waste. Percentages, therefore, add up to greater than 100% because the majority chose more than one method. Hospitals in Oregon and Washington used microwaving and ETD methods to treat medical waste, while those in Idaho did not. No hospitals in any of the states reported using irradiation as a treatment technique. Most hospitals in Oregon and Washington no longer operate their incinerators due to more stringent regulations regarding air pollution emissions. Hospitals in Idaho, however, were still operating incinerators in the absence of state regulations specific to these types of facilities. 相似文献
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Small mammals were trapped, tagged and recaptured in 0.45 ha plots at six hazardous industrial waste disposal sites to determine if populations, body mass and age structures were different from paired control site plots. Low numbers of six species of small mammals were captured on industrial waste sites or control sites. Only populations of hispid cotton rats at industrial waste sites and control sites were large enough for comparisons. Overall population numbers, age structure, and body mass of adult male and female cotton rats were similar at industrial waste sites and control sites. Populations of small mammals (particularly hispid cotton rats) may not suffice as indicators of environments with hazardous industrial waste contamination. 相似文献
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Frank M. Hauser Tim Metzner Thorsten Rößler Michael Pütz Steffen Krause 《Environmental Forensics》2019,20(1):13-25
The entry of illegally discharged waste into the sewage system can cause serious damage to sewage pipes and harm the public domain. Besides industrial and communal sources, discharges from clandestine laboratories are of special forensic interest. Aim of this study is to investigate the possibility to detect clandestine discharges of possibly hazardous waste directly at the point of discharge. Tests were performed at a facility where real wastewater was pumped in a controlled way through an open sewage pipe above ground. Chloride, ammonia, pH and conductivity electrodes were investigated for their ability to detect discharges of different types of waste. Waste samples were diluted up to 50 times in a static wastewater environment and pH, conductivity and chloride electrodes were able to distinguish all waste dilutions from blank wastewater. These three electrodes were then used for dynamic tests by placing them inside flowing sewage water and discharging different types of liquid waste ten meters upstream of them. Parameters of the waste discharges like volume, time interval and speed of discharge were varied and the responses of the electrodes were collected. The dynamic tests showed that these three electrodes were able to pick up different waste discharges in a real wastewater environment. It was found that a high sampling rate of the sensors would be required to connect a certain discharge to a specific household connection. These findings highlight the possibility to locate illegal discharges, coming from a variety of sources, using the waste discharge itself. 相似文献
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ChengJian Xu Wenxuan Zhang Wenzhi He Guangming Li Juwen Huang Haochen Zhu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(26):20825-20830
With the increasing adoption of EVs (electric vehicles), a large number of waste EV LIBs (electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries) were generated in China. Statistics showed generation of waste EV LIBs in 2016 reached approximately 10,000 tons, and the amount of them would be growing rapidly in the future. In view of the deleterious effects of waste EV LIBs on the environment and the valuable energy storage capacity or materials that can be reused in them, China has started emphasizing the management, reuse, and recycling of them. This paper presented the generation trend of waste EV LIBs and focused on interrelated management development and experience in China. Based on the situation of waste EV LIBs management in China, existing problems were analyzed and summarized. Some recommendations were made for decision-making organs to use as valuable references to improve the management of waste EV LIBs and promote the sustainable development of EVs. 相似文献
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Presence of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B and tetracycline antimicrobials in swine waste treatment processes and amended soil. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Julie Zilles Toshio Shimada Archana Jindal Matt Robert Lutgarde Raskin 《Water environment research》2005,77(1):57-62
Little is known about the fate of antimicrobials during common agricultural waste handling procedures. To better define the potential scope of this problem, concentrations of antimicrobials throughout the waste treatment process were estimated based on known antimicrobial usage, and the resulting predictions of high antimicrobial concentrations indicated the need for further investigation. Samples from building pits, a solids settling basin, a holding pond, and soil amended with waste treatment byproducts were therefore analyzed for traditional chemical parameters and macrolide, lincosamide, and tetracycline antimicrobials. Substantial improvements in water quality were observed during the treatment process. While the macrolide tylosin was not detected, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and lincomycin were found at high concentrations throughout the waste treatment process. Oxytetracycline and lincomycin were also detected in soil from a field amended with waste treatment byproducts. 相似文献
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R. J. Allen G. R. Brenniman C. Darling 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(7):829-831
Since 1981, hospitals in Illinois have been prohibited from depositing hazardous infectious waste in landfills without first rendering the waste innocuous. The Illinois Pollution Control Board has adopted regulations indicating that incineration is an acceptable method for disposal of this waste. Emissions from incineration of the plastic-rich hospital waste are not well documented. Stack emissions of particles, hydrochloric acid, carbon monoxide, ethane, ethylene, propane and propylene were measured from a hospital incinerator where all of the hospital's waste (including hazardous infectious waste) was burned. Emission factors developed for each emission component were: particles 1.0–1.6 g/kg waste; hydrochloric acid 3.3–5.3 g/kg; carbon monoxide 1.4–1.8g/kg; ethane <0.002g/kg; ethylene <0.010g/kg; propane <0.012 g/kg; and propylene <0.011 g/kg 相似文献