TiO2/Li4Ti5O12/Na2Ti6O13复合催化剂的制备、表征及其光催化活性

采用反相微乳法,制备了TiO2/Li4Ti5O12/Na2Ti6O13复合催化剂,运用TG-DSC、XRD、SEM等分析方法对催化剂进行表征.在紫外光(λ=365 nm)照射下,以2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)作为目标污染物,用P-25型TiO2作对照,研究了TiO2/Li4Ti5O12/Na2Ti6O13复合催化剂光催化降解2,4-DCP的特性.结果表明,制备的TiO2/Li4Ti5O12/Na2Ti6O13复合催化剂成带状纳米结构,其长度大于5μm,宽度约60 nm,厚度小于30 nm,结晶良好,分散性高,在紫外光照射下,50 min内对20 mg·L-1的2,4-DCP降解率达到了99.8%,表现出了比P-25型TiO2更高的光催化活性.     

SO2-4/TiO2对SO2-C7H16-TiO2复相光化学反应的影响

研究了TiO2与SO2,C7H16复相光化学反应的光催化活性.在SO2-C7H16-O2-TiO2光催化反应过程中,TiO2表面可形成SO2-4/TiO2结构,它的存在可提高庚烷的光催化氧化速率,利用IR和XPS研究了反应过程中TiO2表面形成的SO2-4/TiO2结构.     

ZrO2掺杂的V2O5/TiO2催化剂表征及催化还原NOx

采用共沉淀法制备出不同锆掺杂量的钛锆复合载体(TiO2-ZrO2),运用XRD和BET研究其微观结构,结果显示钛锆物质的量之比1∶1时复合载体具有最大的比表面积,可达256.01 m.2g-1.以此为载体制备了V2O5/TiO2-ZrO2催化剂,并添加少量CeO2对其改性.采用XRD、BET、H2-TPR、原位FT-IR等手段研究其活性组分的表面分散状态、氧化还原特性和表面酸性.结果显示,V2O5高度分散在载体上;与纯V2O5相比,复合载体上V2O5的还原峰向低温方向发生了偏移;催化剂表面包含了大量的B酸和L酸.模拟氨气催化还原NO(NH3-SCR)的脱硝反应活性测试表明,V2O5/TiO2-ZrO2催化剂具有较好的热稳定性和较宽的活性窗口,少量CeO2的加入提高了催化剂的低温活性.     

MnO2/H2SO4溶液同时脱硫脱硝实验

采用MnO2/H2SO4溶液作为吸收液,以Fe3+作为催化剂在自制的鼓泡反应器内,对模拟烟气进行同时脱硫脱硝的实验研究,主要考察MnO2浓度、Fe3+浓度、pH值、反应温度、NO浓度、SO2浓度、氧含量、烟气流量等因素对SO2和NO脱除效率的影响.实验结果表明,MnO2浓度、Fe3+浓度、烟气流量、反应温度、NO浓度、SO2浓度对脱硝率影响显著,pH值、氧含量对脱硝率影响不大.在整个实验范围内脱硫效率总是保持在98%以上,脱硝效率最高达到70.9%.     

FR-CNTs-PbO2/SnO2-Sb/Ti电极性能及电催化降解罗丹明B

利用碳纳米管(CNTs)的优异性能和氟树脂(FR)的憎水性能,采用电化学共沉积法制备掺杂型FR-CNTs-PbO2/SnO2-Sb/Ti复合电极.运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)仪对该电极的形貌和组成进行表征,采用接触角仪和阳极极化曲线对电极的电化学性能进行考察.结果表明,该电极比FR-PbO2/SnO2-Sb/Ti和PbO2/SnO2-Sb/Ti电极具有更强的憎水性能和更高的O2析出电位,这将有利于提高电极的电催化性能和电流利用效率.将FR-CNTs-PbO2/SnO2-Sb/Ti电极应用于罗丹明B(RhB)的降解研究,30 mA.cm-2电流密度下,处理10μmol.L-1RhB 15 min,RhB去除率高达90.21%.相同条件下,FR-PbO2/SnO2-Sb/Ti电极对RhB的去除率仅为69.08%.且FR-CNTs-PbO2/SnO2-Sb/Ti电极的反应速率常数为0.2215 min-1,是FR-PbO2/SnO2-Sb/Ti电极(k=0.1191 min-1)的近2倍.由此可见,较强的憎水性和较高的析氧电位,增强了FR-CNTs-PbO2/SnO2-Sb/Ti电极的电化学性质和电催化效果.     

Auδ--Ov-Ti3+: Active site of MOx-Au/TiO2 catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Despite wide applications of noble metal-based catalysts in 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) oxidation,promoting the catalytic performance at low loading amounts still remains a significant challenge.Herein,a series of metal oxide modified MO_x-Au/TiO₂(M=Fe,Co,Ni) catalysts with low Au loading amount of 0.5 wt% were synthesized.Addition of transition metal oxides promotes electron transfer and generation of the Au^δ--O_v-Ti³⁺ interface.A combinatio...     

LC/MS/MS检测水中的高氯酸盐

高氯酸盐是一种普遍、潜在的有害污染物,会破坏甲状腺功能,既有天然的,又可人工合成．天然存在的高氯酸盐常用作化肥的原料,人工合成的则广泛应用于诸如皮革加工、橡胶制造、涂料生产、润滑油添加剂等领域,并且是固体火箭推进剂的主要成分．使用及不合理的处理强水溶性高氯酸盐将导致其迁移至地下水、地面水,污染土壤、饮用水及灌溉用水．     

KMnO4/H2SO4引发制备淀粉改性絮凝剂的研究

以高锰酸钾为引发剂,制备淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物.研究酸浓度、引发剂浓度、单体浓度、温度和加料方式对接枝反应的影响.结果表明,少量KMnO4(0.45mmol·l-1)和H2SO4(0.8mmol·l-1)可有效引发淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚反应,接枝效率达到90%以上,分子量大大提高,对高岭土的絮凝效果较好.     

Fe掺杂PTFE-PbO2/TiO2-NTs/Ti电极的制备、表征及电催化性能

采用电沉积法制备了Fe掺杂PTFE-PbO2/TiO2-NTs/Ti、PbO2/TiO2-NTs/Ti、PbO2/Ti 3种电极,运用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪观察表面形貌与形态,通过线性扫描伏安法在0.1 mol·L-1的H2SO4中测定电极的析氧极化曲线.以对硝基酚(p-NP)为目标污染物,考察了电极的电催化活性,在20 mA.cm-2电流密度下降解100 mg·L-1 p-NP,120 min时表观速率常数分别为0.0370 min-1、0.0265 min-1和0.0180 min-1,COD去除率分别为77.38%、74.07%、66.18%,研究发现在相同的条件下Fe掺杂PTFE-PbO2/TiO2-NTs/Ti性能更佳,矿化更完全.     

UV-vis/草酸铁/Fenton体系降解蒽醌染料

以活性艳蓝KN—R作为研究对象,考察了处理活性艳蓝KN-R的主要影响因素。在固定染料浓度为100 mg/L时,得到氧化体系的最佳用量比值为ρ(Fe2+):ρ(H2O2):ρ(H2C2O4)为1:15:1.5。在最佳条件下,脱色率达到95%以上,COD和TOC去除率分别达到87.7%和66.8%。活性艳蓝KN-R脱色的动力学模型为拟一级反应模型。     

Chemical poison and regeneration of SCR catalysts for NOx removal from stationary sources

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x with NH₃ is an effective technique to remove NO_x from stationary sources, such as coal-fired power plant and industrial boilers. Some of elements in the fly ash deactivate the catalyst due to strong chemisorptions on the active sites. The poisons may act by simply blocking active sites or alter the adsorption behaviors of reactants and products by an electronic interaction. This review is mainly focused on the chemical poisoning on V₂O₅-based catalysts, environmental-benign catalysts and low temperature catalysts. Several common poisons including alkali/alkaline earth metals, SO₂ and heavy metals etc. are referred and their poisoning mechanisms on catalysts are discussed. The regeneration methods of poisoned catalysts and the development of poison-resistance catalysts are also compared and analyzed. Finally, future research directions in developing poisoning resistance catalysts and facile efficient regeneration methods for SCR catalysts are proposed.     

Cu/Cr co-stabilization mechanisms in a simulated Al2O3-Fe2O3-Cr2O3-CuO waste system

• Cu and Cr can be mostly incorporated into CuFe_xAl_yCr_2−x−yO₄ with a spinel structure. • Spinel phase is the most crucial structure for Cu and Cr co-stabilization. • Compared to Al, Fe and Cr are easier to be incorporated into the spinel structure. • ‘Waste-to-resource’ by thermal process at attainable temperatures can be achieved. Chromium slag usually contains various heavy metals, making its safe treatment difficult. Glass-ceramic sintering has been applied to resolve this issue and emerged as an effective method for metal immobilization by incorporating heavy metals into stable crystal structures. Currently, there is limited knowledge about the reaction pathways adopted by multiple heavy metals and the co-stabilization functions of the crystal structure. To study the Cu/Cr co-stabilization mechanisms during thermal treatment, a simulated system was prepared using a mixture with a molar ratio of Al₂O₃:Fe₂O₃:Cr₂O₃:CuO= 1:1:1:3. The samples were sintered at temperatures 600–1300°C followed by intensive analysis of phase constitutions and microstructure development. A spinel phase (CuFe_xAl_yCr_2−x−yO₄) started to generate at 700°C and the incorporation of Cu/Cr into the spinel largely complete at 900°C, although the spinel peak intensity continued increasing slightly at temperatures above 900°C. Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ was more easily incorporated into the spinel at lower temperatures, while more Al₂O₃ was gradually incorporated into the spinel at higher temperatures. Additionally, sintered sample microstructures became more condensed and smoother with increased sintering temperature. Cu / Cr leachability substantially decreased after Cu/Cr incorporation into the spinel phase at elevated temperatures. At 600°C, the leached ratios for Cu and Cr were 6.28% and 0.65%, respectively. When sintering temperature was increased to 1300°C, the leached ratios for all metal components in the system were below 0.2%. This study proposes a sustainable method for managing Cu/Cr co-exist slag at reasonable temperatures.     

大气CO2、CH4、CO高精度观测混合标气配制方法

高精度、高准确度的大气CO2、CH4、CO浓度观测需使用以干洁大气为底气的标气.标气中水汽含量及CO2的δ13C对基于光学原理的观测系统有不可忽视的影响.本研究利用自组装的混合标气配制系统,以环境大气为底气,并通过添加高浓度气体或利用吸附剂吸附,调节目标物种浓度.CO2和CO吸附效率分别达99.7%和99.8%,标气水汽含量小于3.7×10-6(物质的量分数,下同),可配制不同浓度范围的CO2、CH4、CO混合标气.在青海瓦里关全球大气本底站配制环境大气浓度范围的标气,CO2、CH4、CO实际配制浓度同目标浓度的偏差小于10×10-6、30×10-9、30×10-9,CO2中δ13C同实际大气接近.本方法配制的标气已应用于我国本底站大气CO2、CH4、CO高精度观测,符合世界气象组织/全球大气观测(WMO/GAW)质量要求.     

Simultaneous removal of NOx and chlorobenzene on V2O5/TiO2 granular catalyst: Kinetic study and performance prediction

• A V₂O₅/TiO₂ granular catalyst for simultaneous removal of NO and chlorobenzene. • Catalyst synthesized by vanadyl acetylacetonate showed good activity and stability. • The kinetic model was established and the synergetic activity was predicted. • Both chlorobenzene oxidation and SCR of NO follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. • The work is of much value to design of multi-pollutants emission control system. The synergetic abatement of multi-pollutants is one of the development trends of flue gas pollution control technology, which is still in the initial stage and facing many challenges. We developed a V₂O₅/TiO₂ granular catalyst and established the kinetic model for the simultaneous removal of NO and chlorobenzene (i.e., an important precursor of dioxins). The granular catalyst synthesized using vanadyl acetylacetonate precursor showed good synergistic catalytic performance and stability. Although the SCR reaction of NO and the oxidation reaction of chlorobenzene mutually inhibited, the reaction order of each reaction was not considerably affected, and the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics was still followed. The performance prediction of this work is of much value to the understanding and reasonable design of a catalytic system for multi-pollutants (i.e., NO and dioxins) emission control.     

3D flower-like mesoporous Bi4O5I2/MoS2 Z-scheme heterojunction with optimized photothermal-photocatalytic performance

3D flower-like hierarchical mesoporous Bi₄O₅I₂/MoS₂ Z-scheme layered heterojunction photocatalyst was fabricated by oil bath and hydrothermal methods. The heterojunction with narrow band gap of ～1.95 eV extended the photoresponse to near-infrared region, which showed obvious photothermal effect due to the introduction of MoS₂ with broad spectrum response. MoS₂ nanosheets were anchored onto the surface of flower-like hierarchical m...     

Fe2O3-CeO2-Bi2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of cationic red GTL under mild reaction conditions

Fe₂O₃-CeO₂-Bi₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃, an environmental friendly material, was investigated. The catalyst exhibited good catalytic performance in the CWAO of cationic red GTL. The apparent activation energy for the reaction was 79 kJ·mol⁻¹. HO₂· and O₂·⁻ appeared as the main reactive species in the reaction. The Fe₂O₃-CeO₂-Bi₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst, a novel environmental-friendly material, was used to investigate the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of cationic red GTL under mild operating conditions in a batch reactor. The catalyst was prepared by wet impregnation, and characterized by special surface area (BET measurement), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Fe₂O₃-CeO₂-Bi₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity and stability in the CWAO under atmosphere pressure. The effect of the reaction conditions (catalyst loading, degradation temperature, solution concentration and initial solution pH value) was studied. The result showed that the decolorization efficiency of cationic red GTL was improved with increasing the initial solution pH value and the degradation temperature. The apparent activation energy for the reaction was 79 kJ·mol⁻¹. Hydroperoxy radicals (HO₂·) and superoxide radicals (O₂⁻·) appeared as the main reactive species upon the CWAO of cationic red GTL.     

食蚊鱼(Gambusia afinis)cat、gapdh和gst基因的克隆及其在生态毒理学中的应用

根据Ensembl、Genbank登录的鱼类cat、gapdh和gst基因的CDS序列设计普通PCR扩增引物,寻找食蚊鱼的cat、gapdh和gst基因的c DNA片段,并根据定量引物设计要求设计出相应的SYBR Green I荧光定量RT-q PCR引物,建立了食蚊鱼cat、gapdh和gst基因的SYBR Green I荧光定量RT-q PCR方法。该方法在104~108数量级范围内有良好线性关系(R=0.999~1.000);熔解曲线显示扩增产物特异性良好,均为单一峰值;质粒标准品最高浓度与最低浓度的批内试验变异系数与批间试验变异系数均低于2%。利用该方法监测和评价环境污染物对水生生物的影响,选择了水体中常见典型药物污染物——双氯芬酸,研究其对食蚊鱼抗氧化基因表达的影响。结果表明,雌性食蚊鱼暴露在不同浓度双氯芬酸钠(0.005、0.05、0.5和5 mg·L-1)24 h后,其肝脏cat、gapdh和gst的mRNA呈现显著变化,相对于对照组,在低浓度0.005 mg·L-1时,cat与gst mRNA的表达量均有极显著上升(p0.01),而其它浓度均极显著下降(p0.01)。试验表明该方法具有快速、精确、灵敏度高的优点,可为利用该类小型鱼类的原位污染物的生物监测和生态毒理评价提供有力的技术支持。     

Separation/degradation behavior and mechanism for cationic/anionic dyes by Ag-functionalized Fe3O4-PDA core-shell adsorbents

● PDA-Fe₃O₄-Ag was made by hydrothermal and oxidation self-polymerization method. ● PDA-Fe₃O₄-Ag had great magnetic separation performance. ● PDA-Fe₃O₄-Ag had good adsorption and degradation performance for ionic dyes. ● PDA-Fe₃O₄-Ag showed NR and MO degradation potential of 91.2% and 87.5%, respectively. High-performance adsorbents have been well-studied for the removal of organic dye pollutants to promote environment remediation. In this study, an Ag nanoparticle-functionalized Fe₃O₄-PDA nanocomposite adsorbent (PDA-Fe₃O₄-Ag) was synthesized, and the adsorption/separation performance of commonly used cationic and anionic organic dyes by the PDA-Fe₃O₄-Ag adsorbent were assessed. Overall, PDA-Fe₃O₄-Ag exhibited a significantly higher adsorption capacity for cationic dyes compared to anionic dyes, the highest of which was more than 110.0 mg/g (methylene blue (MB)), which was much higher than not only the adsorption capacities of the anionic dyes in this study but also other dye adsorption capacities reported in the literature. The dye adsorption kinetics data fitted well to both the pseudo second-order kinetics model and the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting a monolayer-chemisorption-dominated adsorption mode. Thermodynamics analysis indicated that the adsorption process was both endothermic and spontaneous. Furthermore, the PDA-Fe₃O₄-Ag adsorbent achieved high photodegradation removal rates of the dyes, especially neutral red (NR) and methyl orange (MO), which were 91.2% and 87.5%, respectively. With the addition of PDA-Fe₃O₄-Ag, the degradation rate constants of NR and MO increased from 0.08 × 10⁻² and 0 min⁻¹ to 2.11 × 10⁻² and 1.73 × 10⁻² min⁻¹, respectively. The high adsorption and photocatalytic degradation performance of the PDA-Fe₃O₄-Ag adsorbent make it an excellent candidate for removing cationic and anionic dyes from the industrial effluents.