铁屑-烟道灰内电解法处理模拟分散大红GS染料废水

采用铁屑-烟道灰内电解法处理模拟分散大红GS染料废水。实验结果表明,在废水pH为5、铁屑加入量为6g、烟道灰加入量为8g、搅拌时间为20m in的最佳条件下处理250mL质量浓度为50m g/L的染料废水,废水的脱色率达81.1%。经铁屑-烟道灰处理后,分散大红GS染料在227.0nm处的特征吸收峰显著降低。所含偶氮基团被还原为苯胺类物质,铁屑被氧化为Fe2+,碱性条件下,Fe2+与OH-生成Fe(OH)2絮凝体。内电解法处理染料废水是氧化还原作用、混凝吸附作用等综合效应的结果。     

铁屑／炭电化学反应—混凝沉淀法处理制罐废水

研究了用铁屑／炭电化学反应－混凝沉淀法处理铝质量易拉罐生产废水的流程和工艺条件。废水经铸铁屑／焦炭反应柱处理后再经混凝沉淀处理,ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率可达９０％以上。     

铁屑微电解法深度处理油田钻井污水

采用化学混凝-铁屑微电解法深度处理钻井污水。确定了最佳工艺条件：铁屑与活性炭的质量比为0．5，反应时间为2h，污水pH为1．0，温度为常温，反应后用石灰乳调节污水pH至12。处理后钻井污水COD可由原水的8065mg／L降至430mg／L，COD去除率大于94％，色度去除率达100％，达到国家综合污水三级排放标准。     

铁屑过滤法处理染料废水的研究

采用铁屑过滤法处理中等色度的染料废水,可得80％以上的脱色率,COD去除率50％左右。对高色度的染料废水,采用铁屑过滤-加碱混凝法可得80％以上的脱色率。研究表明,废水的pH和废水在过滤柱中的停留时间是影响处理效果的两个重要因素。     

铁屑流化床预处理-催化氧化-混凝沉淀组合工艺处理有机硅废水

采用铁屑流化床预处理、负载活性炭催化剂催化氧化和混凝沉淀组合工艺处理有机硅废水。废水经铁屑流化床预处理后Cu^2＋的去除率达99．90％,COD去除率达23．9％;负载活性炭催化剂催化氧化的最佳工艺条件：催化剂质量浓度为0．5g/L,H202质量浓度为2400mg/L,不投加FeSO4,反应时间为60min,体系pH为3-4,COD去除率达82％。催化氧化后的废水经混凝沉淀处理,调节pn为8-9,可达标排放。     

物理化学法处理高浓度有机废水

探讨了物理化学法处理环氧乙烷生产中产生的高浓度有机废水。利用Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂和冶金高炉瓦斯灰的氧化、混凝、吸附等作用，对废水进行处理，废水的色度可去除１００％，ＣＯＤ可去除７０％以上，通过实验，得出了适宜的处理工艺条件：Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂的投加量为３％Ｈ２Ｏ２浓度１５ｍＬ／Ｌ，１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＦｅＳＯ４溶液３．５ｍＬ／Ｌ，瓦斯灰的用量为５０ｇ／Ｌ，废水的ｐＨ为４左右；加Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂处理和加瓦斯灰处     

UV/Fenton氧化-混凝联合工艺处理含酚废水

采用UV／Fenton氧化-混凝联合工艺对模拟苯酚废水进行处理,探讨了UV／Fenton预氧化程度和混凝处理条件对模拟苯酚废水处理效果的影响。结果表明,采用混凝处理,COD去除率仅为14．1％;当UV／Fenton预氧化处理过程中H2O2的质量浓度为150～300mg／L时,废水的混凝性能可提高1．5倍以上;当H2O2质量浓度为450mg／L、光反应时间为30min时,采用UV／Fenton氧化一混凝工艺联合处理后COD去除率达82．7％。苯酚废水采用UV／Fenton预氧化处理后,进行混凝处理过程的适宜pH为6．5,混凝剂Fe^3 的适宜质量浓度为500mg／L.     

混凝法处理丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂废水

以聚合氯化铝铁为混凝剂、阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺为助凝剂,采用混凝法处理丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂（ABS）废水（简称废水）,考察了聚合氯化铝铁加入量、沉降时间、搅拌转速、搅拌时间、废水pH和混凝温度对废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,在聚合氯化铝铁加入量50mg／L、阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺加入量2mg／L、废水pH6．0～8．0、快速搅拌1min、慢速搅拌6min、沉降时间25min、混凝温度20～25℃的条件下,废水的SS去除率达97％以上,COD去除率达77％以上。     

火电厂冲灰水除氟新方法

我国火电厂燃煤中都含有氟化物,经燃烧95％以上的氟化物转化成易挥发的HF和SiF_4,混于烟道中。与喷淋水相遇便溶解,随后汇入冲灰水中。由于灰水的渗透,泄漏和挥发对生态环境和地表水造成氟污染,所以研究一种适宜的治理方法,     

印染行业两种废碱液的回收和利用方法

印染行业两种废碱液的回收和利用方法印染企业是用碱大户，不论是绦纶织物仿真丝生产工艺，还是棉布、Ｔ／Ｃ布炼漂生产工艺，都用液碱或固碱作为生产原料。按常规生产方法，用碱量大，产生的含碱废水污染负荷高、治理难度大，普通的化学混凝沉淀法和气浮法的处理效果差，...     

分步沉淀法处理酸性矿山废水

采用分步沉淀工艺处理酸性矿山废水,考察了工艺条件对废水中有价金属元素回收效果的影响。实验结果表明:Ca(OH)_2为适宜的废水pH调节剂;调节废水pH至4.00左右并投加0.05 mL/L的H_2O_2,可首先去除Fe~(2+)及Fe~(3+),得到富Fe渣(w(Fe)=51.00%);调节废水pH至6.00~6.50,先投加50 mg/L的Na_2S,去除废水中的Cu~(2+),获得富Cu渣(w(Cu)=10.89%),再将Na_2S的投加量增至100 mg/L,去除废水中的Zn与Mn,获得富Zn-Mn渣(w(Cu)=2.37%,w(Mn)=6.79%,w(Pb)=1.61%);进一步调节废水pH至8.40,可去除剩余的Zn、Mn及其他重金属。分步沉淀工艺处理后的废水可达标排放,产生的富Fe渣、富Cu渣及富Zn-Mn渣可直接出售或具有利用价值。分步沉淀工艺可实现有价金属元素的高效回收,大幅度降低废水处理的实际成本,值得工程应用与推广。     

燃煤锅炉脱砷现状研究

通过对国内外燃煤锅炉脱砷现状的研究,探讨各种脱砷方法的优、缺点,提出锅炉脱砷的可行方案。把砷污染的产生与锅炉运行实际结合起来考虑,脱砷过程可以分为燃烧前、燃烧中、燃烧后三段。燃烧前脱砷对于无机砷可以达到70％以上的效率,而对有机砷则会产生富集作用;燃烧中脱砷可利用现有的脱硫技术和设备,如炉内喷钙技术和循环流化床锅炉,其脱除效率分别达到40％、80％;燃烧后脱砷方法主要包括提高除尘器效率法、化学法、吸收剂法,这些方法基本都能使除砷效率理论值达到90％以上,具有极佳的工业应用前景。     

添加剂对喷雾-喷动床半干法烟气脱硫性能的影响

研究了3种添加剂(NaOH、CaCl2、NaCl)对喷雾-喷动床半干法烟气脱硫性能的影响,并分析了添加剂增进脱硫效果的机理。试验结果表明：3种添加剂都能显著提高脱硫率,NaOH的效果最佳,CaCl2次之,NaCl较差。     

Organic oxalate as leachant and precipitant for the recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries

Spent lithium-ion batteries containing lots of strategic resources such as cobalt and lithium are considered as an attractive secondary resource. In this work, an environmentally compatible process based on vacuum pyrolysis, oxalate leaching and precipitation is applied to recover cobalt and lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries. Oxalate is introduced as leaching reagent meanwhile as precipitant which leaches and precipitates cobalt from LiCoO(2) and CoO directly as CoC(2)O(4)·2H(2)O with 1.0 M oxalate solution at 80°C and solid/liquid ratio of 50 g L(-1) for 120 min. The reaction efficiency of more than 98% of LiCoO(2) can be achieved and cobalt and lithium can also be separated efficiently during the hydrometallurgical process. The combined process is simple and adequate for the recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries.     

Performance evaluation of material separation from spent fluorescent lamps using the thermal end-cutting method

The recovery of valuable materials such as aluminum, phosphor powder, and glass from spent fluorescent lamps (SFLs) is part of the overall recycling process of lamps. In the end-cutting process, an SFL is separated into a base cap and a glass part using thermal shock caused by the temperature difference between the heating unit and the cooling unit. The separation efficiency of the end-cutting system is estimated by measuring the mass of the parts of the SFL. The optimum condition of the end-cutting process with thermal shock was determined to have a temperature difference of 600 °C and moving speed of 2 cm/s. At optimum conditions, the separation efficiency of glass and the end cap from an SFL using the end-cutting method is estimated to be more than about 97 %. In an air injection system, however, the separation efficiency of phosphor powder from glass is less than 50 %. Separation efficiency in the end-cutting system is increased by decreasing the moving speed of the SFL and increasing the temperature difference between the heating unit and the cooling unit. From the results of experiments, it was found that the end-cutting unit has very high performance because the overall separation efficiency is more than 95 %.     

分级喷水增湿对半干法烟气脱硫效率的影响

研究了增湿水量、增湿水级数以及增湿水分配方式等参数对半干法烟气脱硫效率的影响。得出了一定试验条件下这些参数的优化值，它们分别为：增湿水量30％、三级增湿、递减分配方式。在此优化工况下，可以使塔内和系统脱硫效率分别达到68％和90％以上，比无增湿时分别提高6％和5％左右。     

导流电解法处理含酚废水的研究

阐述了电解法处理废水的基本原理。通过试验确定了用该法处理含酚废水的最佳工艺条件,出水的酚浓度、pH均达到国家排放标准。该法工艺过程简单,处理效果好,无二次污染。经济分析结果表明,该法处理含酚废水的费用低于传统的电解法。     

TiO2膜太阳光催化氧化法处理毛纺染整废水

采用溶胶－凝胶法在短玻璃管表面镀ＴｉＯ２膜,填充于玻璃反应器内,用微型潜水泵使废水循环并同时吸入空气供氧,在太阳光照下对染整废水进行了光催化催化氧化处理。     

Modeling of the reburning process using sewage sludge-derived syngas

Gasification of sewage sludge can provide clean and effective reburning fuel for combustion applications. The motivation of this work was to define the reburning potential of the sewage sludge gasification gas (syngas). A numerical simulation of the co-combustion process of syngas in a hard coal-fired boiler was done. All calculations were performed using the Chemkin programme and a plug-flow reactor model was used. The calculations were modelled using the GRI-Mech 2.11 mechanism. The highest conversions for nitric oxide (NO) were obtained at temperatures of approximately 1000-1200 K. The combustion of hard coal with sewage sludge-derived syngas reduces NO emissions. The highest reduction efficiency (>90%) was achieved when the molar flow ratio of the syngas was 15%. Calculations show that the analysed syngas can provide better results than advanced reburning (connected with ammonia injection), which is more complicated process.     

发酵-渗透汽化膜技术制无水乙醇研究进展

渗透汽化膜技术作为一种新型的膜分离技术和清洁生产技术,与发酵法相耦合生产燃料乙醇,具有高效、节能和环保的优势。综述了发酵-渗透汽化膜技术的研究进展,介绍了该工艺动力学模型的研究成果,与传统的发酵法进行了经济性对比,阐述了渗透汽化膜技术应用于无水乙醇工业化生产的现状和存在的问题,展望了发酵-渗透汽化膜技术的研究方向。