Effects of different sludge disintegration methods on sludge moisture distribution and dewatering performance

A key step in sludge treatment is sludge dewatering. However, activated sludge is generally very difficult to be dewatered. Sludge dewatering performance is largely affected by the sludge moisture distribution. Sludge disintegration can destroy the sludge structure and cell wall, so as change the sludge floc structure and moisture distribution, thus affecting the dewatering performance of sludge. In this article, the disintegration methods were ultrasound treatment, K₂FeO₄ oxidation and KMnO₄ oxidation. The degree of disintegration (DDCOD), sludge moisture distribution and the final water content of sludge cake after centrifuging were measured. Results showed that three disintegration methods were all effective, and K₂FeO₄ oxidation was more efficient than KMnO₄ oxidation. The content of free water increased obviously with K₂FeO₄ and KMnO₄ oxidations, while it decreased with ultrasound treatment. The changes of free water and interstitial water were in the opposite trend. The content of bounding water decreased with K₂FeO₄ oxidation, and increased slightly with KMnO₄ oxidation, while it increased obviously with ultrasound treatment. The water content of sludge cake after centrifuging decreased with K₂FeO₄ oxidation, and did not changed with KMnO₄ oxidation, but increased obviously with ultrasound treatment. In summary, ultrasound treatment deteriorated the sludge dewaterability, while K₂FeO₄ and KMnO₄ oxidation improved the sludge dewaterability.     

Effects of different sludge disintegration methods on sludge moisture distribution and dewatering performance

A key step in sludge treatment is sludge dewatering. However, activated sludge is generally very difficult to be dewatered. Sludge dewatering performance is largely affected by the sludge moisture distribution. Sludge disintegration can destroy the sludge structure and cell wall, so as change the sludge floc structure and moisture distribution, thus affecting the dewatering performance of sludge. In this article, the disintegration methods were ultrasound treatment, K₂FeO₄ oxidation and KMnO₄ oxidation. The degree of disintegration (DD_COD), sludge moisture distribution and the final water content of sludge cake after centrifuging were measured. Results showed that three disintegration methods were all effective, and K₂FeO₄ oxidation was more efficient than KMnO₄ oxidation. The content of free water increased obviously with K₂FeO₄ and KMnO₄ oxidations, while it decreased with ultrasound treatment. The changes of free water and interstitial water were in the opposite trend. The content of bounding water decreased with K₂FeO₄ oxidation, and increased slightly with KMnO₄ oxidation, while it increased obviously with ultrasound treatment. The water content of sludge cake after centrifuging decreased with K₂FeO₄ oxidation, and did not changed with KMnO₄ oxidation, but increased obviously with ultrasound treatment. In summary, ultrasound treatment deteriorated the sludge dewaterability, while K₂FeO₄ and KMnO₄ oxidation improved the sludge dewaterability.     

Feasibility of bioleaching combined with Fenton oxidation to improve sewage sludge dewaterability

A novel joint method of bioleaching with Fenton oxidation was applied to condition sewage sludge. The specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and moisture of sludge cake (MSC) were adopted to evaluate the improvement of sludge dewaterability. After 2-day bioleaching, the sludge pH dropped to about 2.5 which satisfied the acidic condition for Fenton oxidation. Meanwhile, the SRF declined from 6.45 × 10¹⁰ to 2.07 × 10¹⁰ s²/g, and MSC decreased from 91.42% to 87.66%. The bioleached sludge was further conditionedwith Fenton oxidation. From an economical point of view, the optimal dosages of H₂O₂ and Fe2+ were 0.12 and 0.036 mol/L, respectively, and the optimal reaction time was 60 min. Under optimal conditions, SRF, volatile solids reduction, and MSC were 3.43 × 10⁸ s²/g, 36.93%, and 79.58%, respectively. The stability and settleability of sewage sludge were both improved significantly. Besides, the results indicated that bioleaching-Fenton oxidation was more efficient in dewatering the sewage sludge than traditional Fenton oxidation. The sludge conditioningmechanisms by bioleaching-Fenton oxidationmight mainly include the flocculation effects and the releases of extracellular polymeric substances-bound water and intercellular water.     

芬顿试剂氧化对污泥脱水性能的影响

利用芬顿试剂调理污泥,以W_C(污泥滤饼含水率)和CST(毛细吸水时间)作为评价污泥脱水性能的指标,通过分析污泥中各层ρ(EPS)(EPS为胞外聚合物)和上清液中小分子有机物质量浓度来阐明污泥脱水性能的变化. 结果表明:芬顿试剂调理可促进EPS氧化分解,TB-EPS(紧密结合的胞外聚合物)破解转化为LB-EPS(松散结合的胞外聚合物)和S-EPS(上清液层胞外聚合物),大幅降低W_C和CST. 试验中当pH为4,w(H₂O₂)和 w(Fe2+)均为40 mg/g时,ρ(EPS)降低了33.04%,W_C和CST分别降至63.36%和28.7 s. Pearson相关性分析表明,ρ(TB-EPS)与W_C和CST均存在显著的正相关性(P＜0.01),是影响污泥脱水性能的重要因素,而ρ(LB-EPS)和ρ(S-EPS)与污泥脱水性能的相关性较低. 液相色谱分析表明,随着芬顿试剂投加量的增大,EPS等有机物分解程度增大,污泥上清液中小分子有机物种类明显增多,其质量浓度显著升高,ρ(甲酸)和ρ(乙酸)分别由原污泥的52.72、15.99 mg/L升至446.05、522.36 mg/L.      

生物淋滤法对疏浚淤泥中镉去除率及性质的影响

针对疏浚淤泥黏粒含量高、呈弱碱性的特性,采用疏浚淤泥和城市污水厂污泥共同驯化培养硫细菌接种液,研究生物淋滤过程对高污泥浓度的疏浚泥浆中镉的去除率、脱水性能和沉降性能的影响.结果表明:底物硫粉和FeSO4·7H2O共同用于生物淋滤能有效脱除淤泥中镉,同时可显著改善淤泥的脱水和沉降性能.当硫粉浓度为5g/L, FeSO4·7H2O浓度为15g/L,接种量为20%时,淋滤效果最好,淤泥中镉去除率达到88.68%,在此条件下,淤泥的离心脱水率和滤饼含水率分别为75%和33.47%,最终沉降距离最大.     

次氯酸钠与亚铁对污泥破解及脱水效果的影响

采用次氯酸钠（NaClO）与亚铁（Fe（II））结合处理污泥以提高污泥破解和脱水效能,考察了NaClO和Fe（II）投加量的影响,并通过定量和定性分析污泥中胞外聚合物质（EPS）的迁移转化,确定NaClO和Fe（II）对污泥脱水和破解的机制.试验结果表明,NaClO和Fe（II）投加量（以干泥固体计）分别为44 mg·g^-1和66 mg·g^-1时,污泥毛细吸吮时间（CST）从原泥的112 s下降到66.3 s.同时,NaClO/Fe（II）处理污泥能够使上清液中化学需氧量（COD）显著升高,并使污泥中紧密束缚型EPS（TB-EPS）和松散束缚型EPS（LB-EPS）转化成溶解性EPS（S-EPS）,导致S-EPS的溶解性有机碳（DOC）含量升高,而LB-EPS和TB-EPS的DOC含量降低.此外,NaClO/Fe（II）还能使污泥中有机物质矿化,使3种EPS中蛋白质类和腐殖酸类物质减少.NaClO和Fe（II）能够改善污泥脱水性能,强化污泥破解效果,利于污泥后续的处理处置.     

Feasibility of bioleaching combined with Fenton oxidation to improve sewage sludge dewaterability

A novel joint method of bioleaching with Fenton oxidation was applied to condition sewage sludge. The specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and moisture of sludge cake (MSC) were adopted to evaluate the improvement of sludge dewaterability. After 2-day bioleaching, the sludge pH dropped to about 2.5 which satisfied the acidic condition for Fenton oxidation. Meanwhile, the SRF declined from 6.45 × 10¹⁰ to 2.07 × 10¹⁰ s²/g, and MSC decreased from 91.42% to 87.66%. The bioleached sludge was further conditioned with Fenton oxidation. From an economical point of view, the optimal dosages of H₂O₂ and Fe^2 + were 0.12 and 0.036 mol/L, respectively, and the optimal reaction time was 60 min. Under optimal conditions, SRF, volatile solids reduction, and MSC were 3.43 × 10⁸ s²/g, 36.93%, and 79.58%, respectively. The stability and settleability of sewage sludge were both improved significantly. Besides, the results indicated that bioleaching-Fenton oxidation was more efficient in dewatering the sewage sludge than traditional Fenton oxidation. The sludge conditioning mechanisms by bioleaching-Fenton oxidation might mainly include the flocculation effects and the releases of extracellular polymeric substances–bound water and intercellular water.     

壳聚糖絮凝剂在活性污泥调理中的应用

研究了自制的壳聚糖絮凝剂在活性污泥调理中的应用,通过污泥比阻、上清液剩余浊度、泥饼含水率及沉降性能等的测定,重点分析了活性污泥脱水的pH范围、絮凝剂投量和壳聚糖分子量及其脱乙酰度对调理效果的影响,并与絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)作了比较,在此基础上还进行了双絮凝剂两段法处理污泥的初步探索。研究发现,壳聚糖作为活性污泥调理剂,投量(干污泥质量百分比)在0.8％～1.2％,pH值在5～8时即有较好的调理效果,与PAM效果基本相当,接近于8％～16％的PAC;壳聚糖相对分子量在30×10~4左右,脱乙酰度在70％左右时有较好的调理效果;双絮凝剂两段法处理污泥,在同等用量时效果好于单絮凝剂一段法。     

污泥调理脱水后残余水分存在形态及空间分布

污泥脱水是污泥资源化利用的前提,采用高铁酸钾(K₂FeO₄)和污泥生物炭(脱水污泥在500℃热解制得污泥生物炭,记为BC500)作为调理剂对污泥进行预处理。污泥经3.00 g/L K₂FeO₄和9.00 g/L BC500调理脱水后,泥饼含水率降低至42.33%,较未经调理脱水后泥饼含水率(78.80%)减少36.47百分点。通过低场核磁共振技术(low field nuclear magnetic resonance, LF-NMR)检测脱水泥饼中残留水分的存在形式,并对水分种类进行划分。在K₂FeO₄氧化作用下,水分子与有机物的结合能被削弱,泥饼中残余结合水(0.23～10.72 ms)占比为99.68%～99.81%,毛细管水(70.00～700.00 ms)占比为0.19%～0.32%,原污泥泥饼中强结合水转化为弱结合水、毛细管水、自由水,弱结合水转化为毛细管水或自由水,毛细管水则转化为自由水,而自由水在机械脱水过程中几乎可以完全脱除。根据成像结果...     

基于Fe3+/EDTA-2Na的类芬顿对剩余污泥脱水性能的影响

剩余污泥的高含水率限制了对其后续处理以及资源化利用. 为了改善污泥脱水性能,利用Fe3+/EDTA-2Na类芬顿试剂作为调理剂强化污泥脱水,通过粒径分析、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等方法对剩余污泥进行表征,探究其强化脱水机理. 结果表明:经过氧化调理后的污泥泥饼含水率降至67.8%,并有62.32%的结合水得以释放. 污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)结构被氧化破解,紧密结合的胞外聚合物(TB-EPS)中的多糖和蛋白质浓度显著减少;污泥絮体减小,但从SEM图可以看出絮体结构变得规整、平滑,且出现不规则孔洞,增加了污泥水分的输送通道,改善了污泥的脱水性能. FTIR分析表明,氧化处理后的污泥清液中水的吸收峰变小,多糖和蛋白质对应的吸收峰增强,而富里酸对应的峰消失. 研究显示,基于Fe3+/EDTA-2Na类芬顿的污泥调理可以高效氧化破解污泥,提高污泥脱水性能.      

城市污泥脱水速率与泥饼含水率的表征差异性研究

通过试验获得了多种不同来源污泥的脱水表观指标值(比阻和粘度)与脱水性能参数值(脱水速率和滤饼含水率),并对其相关性进行了研究分析.研究结果表明,采用常规的表观指标表征污泥的脱水性能存在差异性,污泥比阻(SRF)可以很好地表征污泥的脱水速率,与其呈良好的负线性关系(调理前:R2=0.914,调理后:R2=0.839),而SRF与滤饼含水率的线性关系不显著,只能进行辅助或定性分析.粘度可以很好地表征污泥滤饼含水率(调理前:R2=0.936,调理后:R2=0.843);但仅在高粘度水平下,粘度与污泥脱水速率才表现出负线性关系,但拟合度较低(R2=0.647),在低粘度污泥体系中,粘度不是影响污泥脱水速率的关键因素.     

微波辐射预处理对污泥结构及脱水性能的影响

将微波辐射用于污水污泥预处理,考察了辐射130s内污泥沉降、过滤脱水性能的变化,并通过粒度分布及污泥胞外聚合物含量变化探讨了相关机理,分析了微波辐射对污泥结构的破坏过程.结果表明,适宜的微波辐射可明显改善污泥结构及脱水性,900W微波辐射50s,SV减少48%,真空抽滤含水率由原泥直接抽滤的85%降为71%.污泥结构破坏是改善污泥脱水性的重要因素,胞外糖含量介于15.8～16.5mg/gMLSS时,污泥脱水性最佳.核酸能较好地指示微波辐射下污泥细胞壁开始破裂的时间,过量的微波辐射因破坏污泥的细胞壁结构、导致胞内物质大量溢出、污泥黏度增加,脱水性恶化.     

丝状真菌调理对柠檬酸污泥脱水性能的影响

利用实验室分离的丝状真菌Aspergillus niger SS5对柠檬酸污泥进行了污泥脱水前的生物调理.结果表明,菌液浓度和调理时间是影响污泥脱水性能的主要因素,调理后污泥的脱水性能、沉降性能均有明显改善,调理后的污泥负电荷减少,粒径显著增大,结合水含量比未投加菌液的空白对照降低了近40%.同时,真菌调理显著降低了上清液COD及污泥各EPS层的蛋白质和多糖含量,EPS中蛋白质的降解与污泥结合水含量、D₅₀和Zeta电位显著相关,是影响柠檬酸污泥脱水性能改善的重要因素,且有机物的降解并未导致污泥pH值的显著变化,这和柠檬酸污泥拥有较大的酸碱缓冲容量有关.采用20mL/g DS的Aspergillus niger SS5调理柠檬酸污泥,调理3d可使泥饼含水率降至71.98%,且调理过程无化学药剂加入,更有利于柠檬酸等食品发酵类工业污泥的后续资源化综合利用.     

高碘酸钠与APAM联合调理对污泥脱水的影响

采用高碘酸钠与阴离子聚丙烯酰胺（APAM）联合调理改善污泥脱水性。以污泥比阻和污泥滤饼含水率作为衡量污泥脱水性的指标,分析胞外聚合物（EPS）中蛋白质和多糖含量,并测定污泥Zeta电位和粒径。结果表明:当污泥初始pH为8时,88 mg/g DS（干污泥）的高碘酸钠和2 mg/g DS的APAM可以有效改善污泥脱水,联合调理后污泥比阻降低至4.82×1012 m/kg,污泥滤饼含水率降低至69.67%。污泥经过高碘酸钠氧化后,Zeta负电性降低,可溶性胞外聚合物（S-EPS）中的蛋白质含量增加,荧光光谱显示腐植酸物质的荧光强度降低,污泥中值粒径经过高碘酸钠絮凝后减小。研究结果表明,组合调理剂可以有效改善污泥脱水性,并利于后续污泥处理与处置。     

Fenton氧化联合氧化钙调理对污泥脱水的机理研究

探讨了使用Fenton氧化联合氧化钙全过程(第一阶段:使用硫酸调节污泥p H值;第二阶段:投加Fe2+;第三阶段:投加H2O2;第四阶段:投加氧化钙)对污泥脱水效果及物理化学性质的影响.结果表明,酸化处理可以改变絮体的大小,降低Zeta电位,分散絮体,同时去除部分胞外聚合物(EPS),进而改善了污泥脱水性能.此外,在Fenton氧化的过程中,污泥颗粒、Zeta电位、EPS和比阻(SRF)均呈现逐渐减少的趋势,同时生成氢氧化铁胶体会覆盖在污泥颗粒表面,形成保护性的硬壳,进而使污泥的脱水性能大幅提高.当加入氧化钙时,形成稳定的刚性的结构使污泥颗粒重新聚合,促使生成多孔的脱水通道.中试结果阐明,Fenton氧化过程是实现污泥的深度脱水的关键,并表明各个阶段污泥脱水过程中产生的滤液水质状况.总的来说,本研究提供了在高压下实现污泥深度脱水的新思路,包括:絮体酸溶分散与重聚-保护性氧化-骨架构建.由此看来,Fenton氧化联合氧化钙是一种相对温和且有效的污泥调理方法.     

Performance of wastewater sludge ecological stabilization

In this article, wastewater sludge ecological stabilization （WWSES） was presented for sludge dewatering, mineralization, and stabilization, as well as for percolate treatment. Two years of pilot scale experimental results indicated that sludge volatile solid, Wiphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC）-dehydrogenase activity （DHA）, and moisture content as indicators showed the process and degree of sludge stabilization. The observation on dewatering process showed that dried sludge reached a content of 20%-50% total solid after two years of system operation. Sludge TTC-DHA in the first year was obviously lower than that of the second year, and TTC-DHA tended to decrease with an increase in the drying time of the sludge. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and organic contents of sludge decreased gradually from the top to the bottom of dried sludge layer. In comparison with natural stands on stands treated with sewage sludge, individual shoot was significantly higher, and coarse protein, coarse fat, and coarse fiber contents in reed roots, stems, and leaves in the system were higher than that of wild reed, especially coarse protein contents of reed roots in the system （7.38%） were obviously higher than that of wild reeds （3.29%）.     

冷融技术联合化学调理对污泥脱水性能的影响及其机理

实验对比了常温(25℃)下阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)、FeCl3/CaO、加酸及阳离子表面活性剂(CTAC)4种处理方式对污泥的调理效果.结果表明,CTAC对污泥的调理效果最好,可使污泥滤饼含水率降至68%.0℃时,未经处理(原泥)、CPAM、FeCl3/CaO、加酸处理条件下污泥脱水效果较常温时都有不同程度的提高,效果最好的为未经处理(原泥)和pH=2条件下的泥样;-15℃时,CTAC条件下滤饼含水率较常温下降了约6%,达到62.8%.污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)含量和污泥絮体结构对污泥脱水性能有一定影响.测定发现,EPS的溶出提高了絮体可压缩性,使污泥絮体内部结合水流出,从而改善污泥的脱水性能.电镜扫描(SEM)和粒径分析结果表明,经过FeCl3/CaO、加酸、CTAC和冷融处理后污泥表面结构和颗粒大小变化明显,脱水效果较原泥均有不同程度的提高.     

污水处理厂不同工艺的污泥脱水效能分析及其影响因素研究

污泥脱水是污泥减量的主要手段,直接影响到后续污泥处理处置.本研究以北京某大型污水处理厂A2/O工艺和A2/O-MBR工艺污泥脱水为对象,基于2013年全年的运行数据,分析不同工艺的污泥脱水效果、絮凝剂投配率、污泥脱水电耗和污泥脱水成本,并通过冗余分析(RDA)研究了不同污水处理工艺污泥脱水性能的影响因素.结果表明,污泥脱水性能和絮凝剂投配率均呈现季节性变化特征,冬季污泥较难脱水,絮凝剂消耗大.A2/O-MBR工艺的脱水污泥含水率年均值为(81.92±1.64)%,A2/O工艺为(82.56±1.35)%,污泥脱水絮凝剂消耗(以DS计,下同)分别为(8.70±7.25)kg·t-1和(7.42±2.96)kg·t-1,电耗(以DS计,下同)分别为331.82 k W·h·t-1和121.57 k W·h·t-1.A2/O-MBR工艺的污泥脱水絮凝剂成本(以DS计,下同)为204.76元·t-1,用电成本为231.61元·t-1;A2/O工艺的污泥脱水絮凝剂成本为175.00元·t-1,用电成本为84.86元·t-1.RDA分析表明,水温等季节性因素引起污泥有机质变化是影响污泥脱水性能的关键因素之一,此外,污泥龄也与污泥脱水性能有一定相关性.     

非离子表面活性剂对污泥调理脱水效果的影响

现有污泥脱水技术仅使污泥含水率降到80%左右,难以满足日益严格的污泥处置要求.以污泥比阻（SRF）、脱水率为考察指标,比较了两大类非离子型表面活性剂（辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚OPEO型和烷基糖苷APG）对剩余污泥的脱水效果,并对原泥及调理后污泥进行了显微观察.结果表明,非离子表面活性剂可使污泥絮体粒径变小,不规则程度降低,改善了污泥的脱水性能,而且烷基糖苷APG脱水效果优于OPEO型.APG投加量为0.05%干固体时,污泥比阻即可降低到原泥的42%,脱水率可达到93%.以烷基糖苷APG为调理剂进行板框脱水实验,结果表明,当APG投加量为0.05%干固体时,脱水泥饼含水率比原泥脱水泥饼含水率低约10%,脱水率可达到97%.本研究为APG应用于污泥脱水,改善污泥脱水性能提供一些参考.     

Relationship between physicochemical properties and dewaterability of hydrothermal sludge derived from different source

Sewage sludge (SS) and deinking sludge (DS) were used to comparatively study the hydrothermal dewatering of sludge with different components. For a better overview, an insight into the relationship between physicochemical properties and dewaterability of hydrothermal sludge was provided. Results found that not all kinds of sludge were suitably conditioned by hydrothermal treatment (HT) in term of the elevation of dewaterability. Higher hydrothermal temperature tended to enhance the dewaterability of SS rather than DS, which was supported by the variation of their physicochemical properties (including water distribution, bonding energy, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), particles size, acid functional groups and zeta potential in this study). In addition, the changes in surface morphology suggested that the reverse effect of HT on sludge dewaterability was mainly due to their dewatering behavior. For SS, the destruction of EPS structure leaded to the release of bound water, thereby strengthening sludge dewatering. Conversely, “Bridging effect” generated by lignocellulose in DS was beneficial for sludge dewatering; however, the increasing hydrothermal temperature degraded part of lignocellulose and weakened “bridging effect”, finally resulting in worse dewaterability of DS.