Effects of two polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-47, BDE-209) on the swimming behavior,population growth and reproduction of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are new kinds of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and their potential threats to the equilibrium and sustainability of marine ecosystems have raised worldwide concerns. Here, two kinds of PBDEs, tetra-BDE (BDE-47) and deca-BDE (BDE-209) were applied, and their toxic effects on the swimming behavior, population growth and reproduction of Brachionus plicatilis were investigated. The results showed that: (1) The actual concentrations of BDE-47 and -209 in the seawater phase measured by GC–MS (Gas Chromatography−Mass Spectrometer) were much lower than their nominal concentrations. (2) In accordance with the 24-hr acute tests, BDE-209 did not show any obvious swimming inhibition to rotifers, but a good correlation did exist between the swimming inhibition rate and BDE-47 concentration suggesting that BDE-47 is more toxic than BDE-209. (3) Both BDE-47 and -209 had a significant influence on the population growth and reproduction parameters of B. plicatilis including the population growth rate, the ratio of ovigerous females/non-ovigerous females (OF/NOF), the ratio of mictic females/amictic females (MF/AF), resting egg production and the mictic rate, which indicate that these parameters in B. plicatilis population were suitable for monitoring and assessing PBDEs. Our results suggest that BDE-47 and -209 are not acute lethal toxicants and may pose a low risk to marine rotifers at environmental concentrations for short-term exposure. They also accumulate differently into rotifers. Further research data are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for the effects caused by PBDEs and to assess their risks accurately.     

UV-B辐射增强对褶皱臂尾轮虫种群增殖的影响

运用群体累计培养的方法研究了UV-B辐射增强对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)种群增殖的影响.结果表明:UV-B辐射对褶皱臂尾轮虫的种群数量、雌体抱卵率和种群增殖率都有显著影响.在本实验辐射强度(20 μW/cm2)和剂量范围内,低剂量的0.24和0.48 kJ/m2 处理组在实验的一定时期内对褶皱臂尾轮虫的种群数量和雌体抱卵率有一定的刺激作用;而高剂量的0.72、0.96和1.20 kJ/m2 处理组对轮虫的种群数量和雌体抱卵率则有显著的抑制作用,甚至可导致整个种群的灭绝.褶皱臂尾轮虫的种群增殖率随UV-B辐射的增强显示出了一致性减小的变化规律,因此可以作为指示大气UV-B辐射强弱的生物指标.     

UV-B辐射增强对褶皱臂尾轮虫摄食的影响

运用生态毒理学方法,研究了UV-B辐射条件下褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachinonus plicatilis)对6株海洋微藻:小球藻(Chlorella sp.、绿色巴夫藻(Pauloua uiridis)、扁藻(Tetraselmis chuii)、球等鞭金藻8701(Isochrysis galbana Park 8701)、牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri Lermumerman)和小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia clostertum)的摄食.结果表明:UV-B辐射增强对褶皱臂尾轮虫的摄食有显著的抑制作用.与对照组相比,褶皱臂尾轮虫对每一种饵料单胞藻的滤水率和摄食率都表现出,随UV-B辐射剂量的增大而显著减小(P＜0.5).而且对每一种饵料单胞藻的滤水率和摄食率是不相同的,这说明褶皱臂尾轮虫对饵料单胞藻是有选择性的.     

UV-B辐射增强对壶状臂尾轮虫种群增殖的影响

运用群体累计培养的方法研究了UV-B辐射增强对壶状臂尾轮虫(Brachionus urceus)种群增殖的影响.结果表明:UV-B辐射增强对壶状臂尾轮虫的种群数量、雌体抱卵率和种群增殖率都有显著影响(P<0.05).实验表明,在本实验辐射强度(20μW/cm2)和剂量范围内(0.24、0.48、0.72、0.96和1.20kJ/m2),壶状臂尾轮虫的种群数量和种群增殖率均以对照组最高,各UV-B辐射处理组则随UV-B辐射剂量的增大而呈一致性减小,说明该种群的种群数量和种群增殖率随UV-B辐射的增强显示一致性的影响,两者都可以作为大气UV-B辐射强弱的生物指标.     

四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)对菲律宾蛤仔组织解毒代谢酶活力与DNA损伤的影响

研究了四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)对菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)鳃丝和消化盲囊芳烃羟化酶(AHH)、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、DNA损伤(F值)的影响.结果表明:BDE-47对菲律宾蛤仔鳃丝和消化盲囊AHH、GST、SOD活力和...     

Effects of fluoride on growth and reproduction of the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

This paper deals with effects of airborne fluorine on the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker), by rearing the larvae on the wheat foliage exposed to HF or fumigating the larvae on the artificial diet with the pollutant. Larval relative growth rate (GR) and index of population trend of the insect reduced by 5% and 11%, respectively, when the larvae were reared on the foliage taken from the wheat plants exposed to 0.87 g·dm-2·day-1 of fluorine compared with those of the control. An extra instar appeared in a majority of the larvae treated. Survival rate and GR of the larvae on the wheat plant being exposure to the same concentration of fluorine in field open-top fumigation device were 40% and 15% lower than that of the control, respectively. Similar experiment with the insect on the artificial diet also showed that direct impact of the pollutant on the army worm was greater than its indirect effect via their host plant.     

温度对底栖端足类河蜾蠃蜚(Corophium acherusicum)存活、生长和发育的影响

河蜾赢蜚(Corophium acherusicum)生长发育的适温范围为15～25℃,最适温度为20℃.在适宜范围内实验室恒温培养的河蜾赢蜚生长优于自然环境.本文较细致的记录了河蜾赢蜚的发育状况,在适宜范嗣内河蜾赢蜚幼体的发育随温度的提高而加快.研究结果表明,河蜾赢蜚实验室培养温度宜选择在15～25℃,用其进行沉积物毒性生物检测的实验温度宜选择在20℃.     

Effects of temperature on population growth and intake of food by the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

Population life tables of the army worm, Mythimna separata, were constructed and nutritional parameters of food for the larvae were examined at 5 temperatures from 16℃ to 32℃. The temperature suitable for growth and reproduction of the insect ranged from 20℃ to 28℃ with the optimum of 24℃. Their survivalship and fecundity were much poorer at 32℃ than at 16℃. Indices of population trend of the insect at these temperatures could well fitted with the parabolic curve which theoretically indicated that the population density would multiply by some 660 after one generation circle at the optimal temperature, 22.6℃, and it would decline at temperatures higher than 32.9℃ or lower than 12.3℃. Larval food intake and their AD tended to go up while their ECI and ECD to go down with a rise in temperature. These alterations in population size and feeding behavior caused by temperature would exert an important effect on their damage to crops.     

Effects of alternating temperatures on development and reproduction of the armyworm,Mythimna separata (Walker)

Effects of cycling and constant temperature on development and reproduction of the armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker) were investigated by rearing the insects on the artificial diet under temperatures covering low(16-24℃ vs. 20 ℃ ), medial(20-28℃ vs. 24℃ ) and high(24-32 ℃ vs. 28 ℃) regions. In the low region, all the immature stages of the insect developed significantly faster under alternating temperatures than at corresponding constant temperatures. For the medial region, their development was little affected by variable temperatures. For the high region, developmental durations tended to be longer under cycling temperatures except egg stage.Mean fecundities of the adult moths markedly increased under cycling temperatures as compared with those at respective constant temperature in all regions.Possible reasons for effect of alternating temperatures on insect development are discussed in some details.