Mg improves biomass production from soybean wastewater using purple non-sulfur bacteria

Soybean wastewater was used to generate biomass resource by use of purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB). This study investigated the enhancement of PNSB cell accumulation in wastewater by Mg^2 + under the light-anaerobic condition. Results showed that with the optimal Mg^2 + dosage of 10 mg/L, biomass production was improved by 70% to 3630 mg/L, and biomass yield also was improved by 60%. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal reached above 86% and hydraulic retention time was shortened from 96 to 72 hr. The mechanism analysis indicated that Mg^2 + could promote the content of bacteriochlorophyll in photosynthesis because Mg^2 + is the bacteriochlorophyll active center, and thus improved adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. An increase of ATP production enhanced the conversion of organic matter in wastewater into PNSB cell materials (biomass yield) and COD removal, leading to more biomass production. With 10 mg/L Mg^2 +, bacteriochlorophyll content and ATP production were improved by 60% and 33% respectively.     

Mg2+ improves biomass production from soybean wastewater using purple non-sulfur bacteria

Soybean wastewater was used to generate biomass resource by use of purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB). This study investigated the enhancement of PNSB cell accumulation in wastewater by Mg²⁺ under the light-anaerobic condition. Results showed that with the optimal Mg²⁺ dosage of 10 mg/L, biomass production was improved by 70% to 3630 mg/L, and biomass yield also was improved by 60%. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal reached above 86% and hydraulic retention time was shortened from 96 to 72 hr. The mechanism analysis indicated that Mg²⁺ could promote the content of bacteriochlorophyll in photosynthesis because Mg²⁺ is the bacteriochlorophyll active center, and thus improved adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. An increase of ATP production enhanced the conversion of organic matter in wastewater into PNSB cell materials (biomass yield) and COD removal, leading to more biomass production. With 10 mg/L Mg²⁺, bacteriochlorophyll content and ATP production were improved by 60% and 33% respectively.     

光源、氮源和碳源对紫色非硫细菌生长特性的影响

紫色非硫细菌（PNSB）能在厌氧光照条件下将污水中的氨氮、有机物和磷同化到细菌体内用于合成蛋白质等细胞物质,而不是转化为CO₂和N₂.为了优化PNSB的生长条件,以沼泽红假单胞菌为研究对象,考察了光源、氮源和碳源类型对PNSB生长的影响.结果表明厌氧红外光条件下PNSB的生长速率约是白炽灯条件下的3倍;PNSB对氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）的利用速率最快,同时也可利用硝态氮（NO₃^--N）,亚硝态氮（NO₂^--N）;PNSB对乙酸钠的利用速率最快,其次是葡萄糖,最难利用的是淀粉,主要归因于大分子有机物需要水解酸化后才能被PNSB吸收利用.厌氧红外光条件下PNSB处理城市污水具有较好的应用前景.     

固定化光合细菌处理豆制品废水产氢研究

以海藻酸钠做包埋材料制备的固定化光合细菌,可以在不同浓度豆制品废水中进行光照放氢。豆制品废水ＣＯＤ浓度在７５６０—１２６００ｍｇ／Ｌ时,可以维持稳定产气２６０ｈ以上,平均产气率为１４６．８—３５１．４ｍｌ／（Ｌ·ｄ）,气体中Ｈ２含量在６０％以上,废水ＣＯＤ去除率为６２．３％─７８．２％;当废水ＣＯＤ浓度在１２６０—５０４０ｍｇ／Ｌ时,可以维持产气９３ｈ,平均产气率为１２０．７—１４０．ｏｍｌ／（Ｌ·ｄ）,气体中Ｈ２含量在７５％以上,废水最终ＣＯＤ去除率为４１％─６０．３％。     

Cd~(2+) removal from wastewater by sulfate reducing bacteria with an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor

Ｃｄ２＋ｒｅｍｏｖａｌｆｒｏｍｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｂｙｓｕｌｆａｔｅｒｅｄｕｃｉｎｇｂａｃｔｅｒｉａｗｉｔｈａｎａｎａｅｒｏｂｉｃｆｌｕｉｄｉｚｅｄｂｅｄｒｅａｃｔｏｒＭａＸｉａｏｈａｎｇ，ＨｕａＹａｏｘｉ，ＪｉａｎｇＦｅｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭ...     

基于吸附处理废水中Pb2+的麦糟改性研究

麦糟是啤酒工业的副产物,富含有机物,具有去除废水中重金属离子的能力.为了更有效地去除废水中的Pb2 ,本实验对麦糟进行了改性研究,实验过程中选择HCl、H2SO4、H3PO4、NaCl、NaOH作为改性剂.结果表明,用1mol·L-1NaCl溶液改性13h的麦糟对Pb2 有最好的吸附能力.通过扫描电镜、X射线能谱、红外光谱分析,研究了麦糟改性机理,发现经NaCl溶液改性后的麦糟新增N-Cl基团和C-Cl基团,容易和Pb2 配位结合,从而提高了吸附能力.改性麦糟吸附Pb2 的过程中,N-Cl、C-Cl、C-O(H)以及O-H起了重要作用.     

Comparative study of polyhydroxyalkanoates production from acidified and anaerobically treated brewery wastewater using enriched mixed microbial culture

The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHA) from wastewaters using microbial mixed cultures(MMC) has been attracting increased interest because of PHA's biodegradability characteristics. Production of PHA by an MMC enriched with PHA-accumulating bacteria was compared using anaerobically treated and acidified brewery wastewaters under various feeding strategies, namely pulse and batch feed addition. To obtain an enriched MMC, a sequencing batch reactor was inoculated with activated sludge fed with acetate and subjected to aerobic dynamic feeding. The enriched MMC was able to accumulate PHA up to 72.6% of cell dry weight(CDW) with pulse addition of acetate controlled by the dissolved oxygen(DO) concentration in the reactor. In a batch accumulation experiment with acetate,the PHA content achieved(28.5% CDW) was less than that of the pulse feeding strategy with the same amount of acetate(～2000 mg C/L). Using anaerobically treated and acidified brewery wastewater fed in pulses, the maximum PHA accumulated by the enriched MMC was similar for both wastewaters(45% CDW), in spite of the higher volatile fatty acid concentration in acidified brewery wastewater. The pulse feed addition controlled by the DO concentration was difficult to implement for wastewater as compared to acetate because the difference in DO concentration between substrate availability and depletion was low. For the batch addition of acidified wastewater, a slightly lower PHA content(39%CDW) was obtained. These results show that both brewery wastewaters can be utilized for PHA production with a similar maximum PHA storage capacity.     

好氧颗粒污泥细菌藻酸盐对Cu~(2+)的生物吸附和机制探讨

以好氧颗粒污泥中提取的细菌藻酸盐为原料制备干藻酸钙吸附剂,对水溶液中的Cu2+进行了吸附研究.对比了不同pH值和吸附剂投加量对吸附性能的影响,同时对吸附过程进行了模型拟合,测定了该吸附剂的解吸性能,并用傅立叶变换红外二阶导数光谱和原子力显微镜分析对吸附机制进行了探讨.结果表明,藻酸钙对Cu2+的吸附反应是一个比较快速的过程.当Cu2+初始浓度为100 mg/L,吸附剂投加量为0.7g/L时,吸附最佳pH值为4,吸附能力为67.67 mg/g.吸附过程可用Langmuir和Freundlich模型来描述.好氧颗粒污泥藻酸钙吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附过程中有离子交换和pH值升高现象发生,溶液中的Cu2+与吸附剂上Ca2+交换的同时需要有H+的参与来维持电荷平衡.傅立叶变换红外二阶导数光谱和原子力显微镜分析表明,好氧颗粒污泥藻酸钙吸附剂中MG嵌段与Cu2+和Ca2+结合的方式不同,Cu2+能与吸附剂表面的MG嵌段发生螯合,使藻酸钙表面的结构更加有序.以100 mmol/L HCl为解吸剂,解吸效率可达到91%.     

酸性矿山废水中锰氧化菌的分离鉴定及其对Mn2+的去除作用

含锰（Mn）重金属废水的处理是行业痛点与难点,近年来高效的生物脱锰技术得到广泛关注,但具有较高锰氧化效率菌株的报道仍然有限.本研究从酸性矿山废水中分离纯化出一株锰氧化细菌,并深入探究其微生物特性以及对Mn²⁺的去除作用.通过生理生化及16S rRNA序列分析鉴定该菌株为短芽孢杆菌,并命名为Brevibacillus brevis MM2.进一步通过单因素实验探究了环境因子和初始锰浓度对菌株MM2的生长和锰去除率的影响.结果表明,菌株MM2对Mn²⁺的最高耐受浓度可达1000 mg·L^-1,且在弱酸条件下（pH 6、pH 5）仍然显现出良好的生长趋势,具有较高的锰去除率（91.93%,pH=6）.此外,菌株MM2在 30~35 ℃,pH 7,转速180 r·min^-1条件下生长趋势最好,当初始Mn²⁺浓度为100 mg·L^-1时,Mn²⁺的最高去除率为92.76%.最后,通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶红外光谱仪（FTIR）对代谢固相产物分析表明,菌株MM2介导生成的生物氧化锰附着在菌株表面并以层状和颗粒状两种形态呈现,锰平均氧化度为3.55,其成分主要为无定形的Mn₂O₃和MnO₂.综上所述,本研究分离纯化的菌株MM2不仅能在弱酸性条件下生长且对锰具有较高的耐受和去除能力,在含锰废水的处理中具有较好应用前景.     

Selection of microalgae for high CO2 fixation efficiency and lipid accumulation from ten Chlorella strains using municipal wastewater

As significant differences in cellular physiology, metabolic potential and genetics occur among strains with morphological similarity, the screening of appropriate microalgae species for effective CO₂ fixation and biodiesel production is extremely critical. In this study, ten strains of Chlorella were cultivated in municipal wastewater influent (MWI) and their tolerance for MWI, CO₂ fixation efficiency and lipid productivity were assessed. The results showed that the biomass concentrations of four strains (Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella 64.01, Chlorella regularis var. minima and Chlorella sp.) were significantly higher than other strains. When the cultivation systems were aerated with 10% CO₂, Chlorella sp. showed the highest CO₂ fixation efficiency (35.51%), while the highest lipid accumulation (58.48%) was observed with C. vulgaris. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the cells of both Chlorella sp. and C. vulgaris kept their normal morphologies after 15 day batch culture. These findings indicated that Chlorella sp. and C. vulgaris have fairly good tolerance for MWI, and moreover, Chlorella sp. was appropriate for CO₂ fixation while C. vulgaris represented the highest potential for producing biodiesel.     

HRT对CO2-MBfR去除高SO42-废水中NO3--N的影响

针对含NO₃^--N与较高浓度SO₄^2-实际工业废水处理较难的问题,考察了不同水力停留时间（HRT）下连续运行的CO₂-氢基质膜生物膜反应器（CO₂-MBfR）处理模拟废水和实际工业废水的性能,结果表明,2种废水的出水NO₃^--N浓度均随着HRT的减小而增大,模拟废水中NO₃^--N的处理效果和电子通量分配比例均优于实际废水,但其电子通量分配的格局基本不变：NO₃^--N和SO₄^2-的电子通量分别在90.09%~97.49%和2.51%~9.91%左右.要实现实际废水总氮达到15mg/L的排放标准,需维持HRT不少于10.4h.