Feasibility of bioleaching combined with Fenton oxidation to improve sewage sludge dewaterability

A novel joint method of bioleaching with Fenton oxidation was applied to condition sewage sludge. The specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and moisture of sludge cake (MSC) were adopted to evaluate the improvement of sludge dewaterability. After 2-day bioleaching, the sludge pH dropped to about 2.5 which satisfied the acidic condition for Fenton oxidation. Meanwhile, the SRF declined from 6.45 × 10¹⁰ to 2.07 × 10¹⁰ s²/g, and MSC decreased from 91.42% to 87.66%. The bioleached sludge was further conditionedwith Fenton oxidation. From an economical point of view, the optimal dosages of H₂O₂ and Fe2+ were 0.12 and 0.036 mol/L, respectively, and the optimal reaction time was 60 min. Under optimal conditions, SRF, volatile solids reduction, and MSC were 3.43 × 10⁸ s²/g, 36.93%, and 79.58%, respectively. The stability and settleability of sewage sludge were both improved significantly. Besides, the results indicated that bioleaching-Fenton oxidation was more efficient in dewatering the sewage sludge than traditional Fenton oxidation. The sludge conditioningmechanisms by bioleaching-Fenton oxidationmight mainly include the flocculation effects and the releases of extracellular polymeric substances-bound water and intercellular water.     

Feasibility of bioleaching combined with Fenton oxidation to improve sewage sludge dewaterability

A novel joint method of bioleaching with Fenton oxidation was applied to condition sewage sludge. The specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and moisture of sludge cake (MSC) were adopted to evaluate the improvement of sludge dewaterability. After 2-day bioleaching, the sludge pH dropped to about 2.5 which satisfied the acidic condition for Fenton oxidation. Meanwhile, the SRF declined from 6.45 × 10¹⁰ to 2.07 × 10¹⁰ s²/g, and MSC decreased from 91.42% to 87.66%. The bioleached sludge was further conditioned with Fenton oxidation. From an economical point of view, the optimal dosages of H₂O₂ and Fe^2 + were 0.12 and 0.036 mol/L, respectively, and the optimal reaction time was 60 min. Under optimal conditions, SRF, volatile solids reduction, and MSC were 3.43 × 10⁸ s²/g, 36.93%, and 79.58%, respectively. The stability and settleability of sewage sludge were both improved significantly. Besides, the results indicated that bioleaching-Fenton oxidation was more efficient in dewatering the sewage sludge than traditional Fenton oxidation. The sludge conditioning mechanisms by bioleaching-Fenton oxidation might mainly include the flocculation effects and the releases of extracellular polymeric substances–bound water and intercellular water.     

不同能源物质配合及化学强化对生物沥浸法提高城市污泥脱水性能的效果

采用复合硫杆菌和不同能源物质配比,通过序批式摇瓶实验,研究了城市污泥生物沥浸处理效果特别是对脱水性能的影响.分析了以不同比例添加底物Fe2+与S0条件下,城市污泥沥浸系统中pH、Fe2+、Fe3+,污泥脱水性能(污泥比阻γ和毛细吸水时间CST)的变化情况.并在此基础上.研究了对生物沥浸处理后污泥采用Fenton试剂化学强化处理对污泥脱水性能的影响.结果表明,当S.的添加量为2g·L-1,Fe2+的添加量大于1 g·L-1时,采用1:1回流比,在2.0～2.5d均町以完成乍物沥浸过程.生物沥浸中复合能源物质的加入对城市污泥脱水性有重要的促进作用.在投加2g·L-1S0的同时,投加4～6 g·L-1的Fe2+,处理后污泥的脱水性提高8～10倍.对生物沥浸后污泥进行Fenton试剂化学强化处理,可进一步使污泥的脱水性提高50%.生物沥浸和Fenton试剂联合处理方式,可使污泥的脱水性提高18倍.这对污泥高干度脱水和污泥减量化有重要的实用价值.     

生物沥浸处理对城市污泥脱水性能的影响研究

通过摇瓶培养试验研究了生物沥浸处理对城市污泥离心脱水率、污泥过滤比阻、泥饼压缩系数等脱水性能的影响,并分析了生物沥漫过程中污泥Ph、Fe2 、Fe2 、污泥颗粒Zeta电位、粳粒粒径分布的变化.研究表明,以亚铁和硫作为复合能源物质时,污泥经过生物沥浸处理后,其离心脱水率可从原始污泥的60%提高到74.4%;污泥比阻从处理前的1.83×109 s2·g-1下降到0.39×109 s2·g-1,降低了79%,压缩系数也从原始污泥的0.98降低为0.58,明显好于其他处理,达到不加絮凝剂而可直接机械压滤脱水的性能要求.研究还表明,污泥生物沥浸处理后.随着Ph的下降,污泥颗粒Zeta电位趋于零以及污泥20～60μm粒径范围的颗粒含量明显减少,可能是污泥脱水性能改善的重要原因之一.可见,污泥生物沥浸处理是一种在去除重金属的同时能够改善污泥脱水性能的技术.     

Enhancing sewage sludge dewaterability by bioleaching approach with comparison to other physical and chemical conditioning methods

The sewage sludge conditioning process is critical to improve the sludge dewaterability prior to mechanical dewatering. Traditionally, sludge is conditioned by physical or chemical approaches, mostly with the addition of inorganic or organic chemicals. Here we report that bioleaching, an efficient and economical microbial method for the removal of sludge-borne heavy metals, also plays a significant role in enhancing sludge dewaterability. The effects of bioleaching and physical or chemical approaches on sludge dewaterability were compared. The conditioning result of bioleaching by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans on sludge dewatering was investigated and compared with the effects of hydrothermal (121℃ for 2 hr), microwave (1050 W for 50 sec), ultrasonic (250 W for 2 min), and chemical conditioning (24% ferric chloride and 68% calcium oxide; dry basis). The results show that the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) or capillary suction time (CST) of sludge is decreased by 93.1% or 74.1%, respectively, after fresh sludge is conditioned by bioleaching, which is similar to chemical conditioning treatment with ferric chloride and calcium oxide but much more effective than other conditioning approaches including hydrothermal, microwave, and ultrasonic conditioning. Furthermore, after sludge dewatering, bioleached sludge filtrate contains the lowest concentrations of chroma (18 times), COD (542 mg/L), total N (TN, 300 mg/L), NH₄⁺-N (208 mg/L), and total P (TP, 2 mg/L) while the hydrothermal process resulted in the highest concentration of chroma (660 times), COD (18,155 mg/L), TN (472 mg/L), NH₄⁺-N (381 mg/L), and TP (191 mg/L) among these selected conditioning methods. Moreover, unlike chemical conditioning, sludge bioleaching does not result in a significant reduction of organic matter, TN, and TP in the resulting dewatered sludge cake. Therefore, considering sludge dewaterability and the chemical properties of sludge filtrate and resulting dewatered sludge cakes, bioleaching has potential as an approach for improving sludge dewaterability and reducing the cost of subsequent reutilization or disposal of dewatered sludge.     

生物沥浸去除污泥重金属及改善脱水性能研究

从天然矿山酸性废水中富集制备了3种嗜酸性细菌混培物,开展了污泥生物沥浸实验,研究了沥浸去除污泥重金属(Cu、Zn、Cd)同时改善脱水性能的效果.结果表明,3种嗜酸性细菌混培物均可有效去除污泥中的重金属(P<0.01).沥浸12d后,改进型Starkey培养基富集的嗜酸性细菌混培物对Cu和Cd的去除率分别达到82.0%和82.9%,9K培养基富集的嗜酸性细菌混培物进行生物沥浸处理对Zn的去除率可达到87.5%.同时,生物沥浸还可以显著改善污泥的脱水性能(P<0.01).经过12d沥浸,污泥的离心脱水率可由73.1%上升到90.0%.显微观察和能谱分析结果显示,污泥脱水性能的改善是因为生物沥浸能使污泥结构由絮体状变成明显的颗粒状,并可形成以铁、氧和硫为主要元素组成的次生矿物规则晶体.     

热活化过一硫酸盐调理强化厌氧消化污泥脱水的研究

为了解热活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）调理对厌氧消化污泥脱水性能的影响,本文以毛细吸水时间（CST）、污泥比阻（SRF）和泥饼含水率（WC）为评价指标,通过比较不同温度条件下（25~80℃）热活化PMS调理过程中PMS分解速率、自由基产生、胞外聚合物（EPS）含量和组成,以及污泥形貌特征和粒径分布等变化规律,探讨作用效果及机理.结果表明,热活化PMS调理能显著改善厌氧消化污泥的脱水性能,且温度的升高可增强脱水改善的程度.在温度80℃、PMS投加量4 mmol·g^-1 DS（干物质）和处理5 min的条件下,厌氧消化污泥CST、SRF和WC分别从原始污泥的141 s、2.31×10¹³ m·kg^-1、85%降至35 s、1.95×10¹² m·kg^-1和63%.热活化PMS调理过程中产生的SO₄^-·和·OH破坏了污泥絮体结构,大幅消减了TB-EPS中的蛋白质（尤其是芳香类蛋白和色氨酸类蛋白）,同时污泥粒径的增大（100 μm→1000 μm）可能是厌氧消化污泥脱水性能提高的主要原因.该结果可为热活化过硫酸盐调理技术应用于厌氧消化污泥的高效脱水提供参考.     

两步煅烧法回收芬顿污泥

以芬顿污泥为原料,采用两步煅烧法通过氧化还原作用制备四氧化三铁将铁泥回收。结果表明：污泥中铁元素的转变顺序为羟基氧化铁→氧化铁→四氧化三铁→氧化亚铁→铁单质。芬顿污泥中铁元素主要以羟基氧化铁的形式存在,在第一步400℃煅烧3 h以后,污泥主要成分为氧化铁。在第二步煅烧中,铁的存在形式与加入碳粉后的反应温度关系密切,700℃污泥中的铁主要是以四氧化三铁的形式存在,此时用磁选技术即可将具有磁性的四氧化三铁分离出来,此技术在工艺流程中没有产生废水、危废等物质,过程中的主要材料污泥与碳粉原料简单且完全可回收,减少了二次污染,此技术在工业水处理领域有很好的应用前景。     

生物沥浸处理中微生物菌群和胞外聚合物对城市污泥脱水性能的影响

探讨城市污泥生物沥浸过程中微生物菌群和胞外聚合物(EPS)变化对污泥脱水性能的影响,对进一步揭示生物沥浸法提高污泥脱水性能机理具有重要意义.本研究通过摇瓶试验探讨了硫杆菌和异养微生物菌群数量的变化及EPS在生物沥浸法提高城市污泥脱水性能中的作用.试验结果表明,在生物沥浸处理的前2 d内,由于硫杆菌A.ferrooxidans LX5和A.thiooxidans TS6的大量生长,导致生物沥浸污泥的pH从初始的4.62显著下降至2.47,进而导致污泥中异养菌数量从初始的2.65×108CFU·mL-1下降至8.20×106CFU·mL-1,污泥中EPS含量从初始的28.18 mg·g-1(以VSS计,下同)显著下降为13.53 mg·g-1.A.ferrooxidans LX5和A.thiooxidans TS6的大量生长、异养微生物细胞的死亡破裂及EPS含量的下降共同促使污泥的结合水含量从初始的37.28%下降至21.10%,最终导致污泥比阻从初始的5.14×1012m·kg-1显著下降至6.92×1011m·kg-1.通过验证试验发现,原始污泥在剥离EPS后其比阻仅为原来的11.23%,其脱水性能与生物沥浸2 d后的污泥在0.05水平上没有显著性差异.因此,污泥中A.ferrooxidans LX5、A.thiooxidans TS6和异养微生物菌群数量的改变及EPS含量的减少是生物沥浸法提高污泥脱水性能的两个重要因素.     

Improving sludge dewaterability via Fe2+ chelated citrate activated peroxydisulfate oxidation

Citrate (Ct) was chosen as a typical chelator used in the Fe²⁺-peroxydisulfate (PDS) process to improve sludge dewaterability.The PDS-Fe²⁺-Ct process exhibited better performance in sludge dewatering than PDS-Fe²⁺.Specifically,with a PDS dosage of 1.2 mmol/g VS,the molar ratio of PDS/Fe²⁺and Ct/Fe²⁺were 4:5 and 1:4,respectively,the capillary suction time decreased from 155.8 to 24.8sec,and the sludge cake water content decreased from 82.62%t...     

调理剂Fenton/CaO对深度脱水市政污泥燃烧特性的影响

采用超高压板框压滤法进行污泥脱水,制备了3种Fenton/Ca O调理的深度脱水污泥.同时,利用热重分析仪(TG/DTG)研究了Fenton/Ca O投加量和升温速率对深度脱水市政污泥燃烧特性的影响,获得其燃烧特性指数,并建立了燃烧动力学方程.研究表明,Fenton/Ca O调理污泥燃烧过程中有3个失重阶段:水分的析出、挥发分的析出与燃烧、部分挥发分与固定碳的燃尽.与原泥(S1)对比研究可知,调理污泥S2(调理剂折算量Fe2+/H2O2/Ca2+=30/30/70 mg·g-1DS)、S3(调理剂折算量Fe2+/H2O2/Ca2+=50/30/100 mg·g-1DS)的燃尽指数Cb较小,S4(调理剂折算量Fe2+/H2O2/Ca2+=70/30/120 mg·g-1DS)的燃尽指数Cb较大,说明调理剂投加较多时(S4)有利于污泥的燃尽.而3种调理污泥的挥发分释放特性指数D分别增大为原泥的1.10、1.97、1.73倍,可燃性指数C及综合燃烧特性指数S分别降低为原泥的78%~95%、52%~75%,说明增加调理剂用量提升了污泥的初期燃尽率,却降低了污泥的整体燃烧性能.调理污泥的对比研究可知,S3的燃烧特性指数(D、C、S)最大,说明适量的调理剂投加(S3)能在调理污泥中获得最佳的燃烧性能.利用Ozawz-Flynn-Wall法和Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose法计算得到原泥S1及调理污泥(S2、S3、S4)燃烧的质量平均表观活化能,发现调理后污泥的质量平均表观活化能Em1(阶段Ⅰ)下降,但Em2(阶段Ⅱ)提高,整体活化能Em下降;S3获得最低的Em.     

城市污泥生物沥浸法和化学法调理的效果比较——对污泥理化性质及其深度脱水性能的影响研究

分别用生物沥浸法（BC）、Fenton法和石灰/三氯化铁/PAM法（石灰法）对同一批城市污泥进行调理,并以常规PAM法（CC）为对照,探究不同调理后污泥的理化性质及其脱水性能的变化差异,并用流式细胞仪测定污泥中细胞裂解情况,以分析其机理.结果表明,BC法、Fenton法和石灰法均能大幅提高城市污泥脱水性能,表现在污泥过滤比阻（SRF）值仅为常规处理的0.43%~6.12%,尤其以石灰法处理脱水性能最佳.但BC法脱水泥饼中的有机质和养分能得到最大程度的保留,有机质（56.9%）、总氮（4.66%）、速效氮（0.47%）、矿化氮（1.80%）和总磷（1.60%）含量均远高于石灰法处理,而且污泥中重金属能被部分去除（Cr、Mn、Ni、Zn溶出率分别为18.7%、50.0%、48.7%和72.9%）,该处理的污泥最具资源化潜力.而石灰法脱水泥饼由于大量脱水剂添加导致有机质（49.5%）、总氮（3.55%）和总磷（1.20%）含量明显下降,且泥饼呈强碱性（pH值接近11）.脱水滤液中的sCOD（645mg/L）和TP（4.62mg/L）也显著高于其他处理.流式细胞仪测定结果显示,BC法、Fenton法和石灰法均能导致污泥微生物凋亡,活细胞数量由原始的86%降至75%左右,特别是石灰法对污泥中细胞的破解效果最为彻底,从而释放出更多内部水和胞内物质,这可能是引起其有机质和养分大量损失至脱水滤液中的原因之一.与Fenton法和石灰法调理相比,生物沥浸法既具有能大幅提高污泥脱水性能,脱水滤液水质相对较好的优点,又具有泥饼有机质和氮磷养分高,重金属含量低的优点.     

污水污泥中重金属的细菌淋滤效果研究

通过驯化分离和加富培养源自污泥自身的氧化亚铁硫杆菌，采用序批式试验，初步研究了其对污泥中重金属生物淋滤的效果。研究表明，污泥起始驯化阶段大约需要16天，随后采用选择性培养基对氧化亚铁硫杆菌进行2次共1周的分离与加富培养即可获得活性较高的硫杆菌菌液。采用此菌液对供试厌氧消化污泥中重金属进行生物淋滤，通过8天时间，污泥中Cu和Zn的去除率分别达93％和85％。     

生物沥浸对精对苯二甲酸化工污泥脱水性能的提高及其重金属脱除效果

通过摇瓶培养试验研究了生物沥浸处理对精对苯二甲酸(PTA)化工污泥脱水性能和重金属去除效果的影响.研究表明,PTA污泥经生物沥浸后脱水效果得到了较好的改善,且营养剂最佳投加量为5g·L-1.经生物沥浸2d后污泥的pH从7.37下降到2.29,比阻从62.64×1012m·kg-1下降到2.36×1012m·kg-1,降低了96.23%.在最佳处理条件下对该化工污泥进行多批次生物沥浸中试试验,并对沥浸后污泥采用厢式压滤机脱水.结果表明,经生物沥浸处理后污泥静置24h,污泥沉降率可从2%提高到33%,厢式压滤脱水后泥饼含水率下降到45.9%,与对照相比,污泥体积减少了91.1%.泥饼中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Co的去除率分别为95.15%、85.20%、42.11%、82.59%和64.42%;滤液中COD和氨态氮去除率分别为42.82%和74.98%.可见,生物沥浸法不仅能够较好地改善化工污泥的脱水性能,还能脱除污泥中的重金属.这对生物沥浸技术在PTA化工污泥上的应用和推广具有重要意义.     

Fenton氧化技术在废水处理方面的应用

Fenton氧化技术是高级氧化技术的一种,是处理难降解的废水是常用的技术之一。本文对Fenton氧化技术原理和影响因素进行分析,并对Fenton氧化技术在电镀废水、染料废水、造纸废水中的应用进行了研究。     

阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺相对分子质量和水解度对污泥脱水性能影响的研究

通过对污泥絮凝颗粒粒径分布、污泥比阻、泥饼含固率、上清液体积及其中核酸、蛋白质和总糖浓度的测定,研究了不同剂型和剂量阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）对城市污泥沉降性能和脱水性能的影响及机制.结果表明,当PAM相对分子质量相同时,提高水解度能改善污泥的沉降和脱水性能;当PAM水解度相同时,提高相对分子质量亦可改善其沉降和脱水...     

The influence of sewage sludge properties on sludge-borne metal availability

With the advent of more stringent controls on wastewater treatment, sewage sludge production in Europe and many parts of the world is increasing. With this increase comes the problem of sludge disposal, and recycling to land arguably offers an economically and environmentally sustainable option. However, a major limitation of sewage sludge reuse is the potential release of heavy metals from the sludge and heavy metal accumulation to toxic levels in topsoils. The properties of the sludge play a crucial role in determining the initial release and subsequent availability of heavy metals in amended soils. Bioavailable forms of heavy metals in recently amended soils are most likely to be those that are bioavailable in the sewage sludge. In this paper, published research on the importance of sewage sludge characteristics on metal release and bioavailability will be reviewed and contrasted with original research. A selection of sludges from around Australia has been collected for this purpose. Through the use of incubation studies, isotope dilution techniques, ion-selective electrode measurements and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy, the importance of a range of sludge properties on heavy metal behaviour in sludges and sludge-amended soils is addressed.     

Experimental study on agitated drying characteristics of sewage sludge under the effects of different additive agents

Drying experiments of dewatered sewage sludge（DSS） were conducted on a agitated paddle dryer, and the effects of additive agents, i.e., CaO, pulverized coal（PC）, heavy oil（HO）, and dried sludge（＂DS＂ through back mixing） on the agitated drying characteristics of DSS were investigated. The results indicated that CaO can significantly increase the drying rate of DSS.The drying rate at CaO/DSS（mass ratio） = 1/100 was 135% higher than that of CaO/DSS = 0.Pulverized coal has no obvious effect on drying rate, but the increase of PC/DSS can promote breaking up of sludge lump. Heavy oil was found to be slightly effective in improving the drying rate of DSS in the examined experimental range of HO/DSS = 0-1/20. It is also found that HO can reduce the torque of the dryer shaft, due to its lubrication effect. Back mixing of DS was found to be effective in alleviating the unfavorable effect of the lumpy phase by improving the mixing effect of the paddle dryer. There was a marked increase of drying rate with an increase of the DS/DSS in the experimental range of DS/DSS = 0-1/3.     

零价铁活化过一硫酸盐联合单宁酸调理改善市政污泥脱水性能的机理研究

探讨了零价铁（ZVI）活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）联合单宁酸（TA）调理对市政污泥高压压滤深度脱水的影响;通过单因素试验,考察了TA、ZVI和PMS投加量及初始pH值对污泥脱水性能的影响,并深入探究实现污泥深度脱水的潜在机理.结果表明,初始pH值为6.0,ZVI投加量为120 mg·g^-1干污泥量（DS）,PMS投加量为100 mg·g^-1DS,TA投加量为0.06 mmol·L^-1·g^-1DS时,污泥的脱水效果达到最佳,比阻（SRF）和结合水去除率分别高达88.60%和53.17%.经调理联合高压压滤系统处理后,污泥泥饼含水率由89.75%降低至45.17%.进一步研究表明,联合调理实现污泥深度脱水分为3个阶段,包括氧化、絮凝和蛋白质沉淀.最终,ZVI/PMS联合TA调理可大幅提高污泥的脱水性能.该研究结果可为ZVI/PMS联合TA调理技术在市政污泥深度脱水中的应用提供一定的参考价值.     

芬顿调理对含铅工业污泥电渗透脱水减量效果的影响

针对铅酸电池厂含铅工业污泥难以脱水减量的问题,利用污泥中存在的Fe²⁺进行芬顿调理预处理,探究H₂O₂添加量对后续污泥电渗透脱水减量化效果的影响。结果表明：芬顿调理预处理会打破污泥中部分絮体,使污泥黏度由18.0 mPa·s降至4.7 mPa·s,污泥中部分无机离子在脱水过程中从污泥固相体系进入滤液中,造成后续电渗透脱水剩余泥饼的含水率由82.72%降至69.34%,挥发性悬浮物含量增加约30%。相对于原始污泥直接进行脱水,采用优化的H₂O₂添加量调理污泥可促进后续的污泥电渗透脱水减量66.20%,同时污泥干基中铅含量由265.2 g/kg提高到453.6 g/kg,这有利于污泥的后续资源化利用或无害化填埋处理。