Enhanced catalytic complete oxidation of 1,2-dichloroethane over mesoporous transition metal-doped γ-Al2O3

High-surface-area mesoprous powders of γ-Al₂O₃ doped with Cu²⁺, Cr³⁺, and V³⁺ ions were prepared via a modified sol-gel method and were investigated as catalysts for the oxidation of chlorinated organic compounds. The composites retained high surface areas and pore volumes comparable with those of undoped γ-Al₂O₃ and the presence of the transition metal ions enhanced their surface acidic properties. The catalytic activity of the prepared catalysts in the oxidation of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) was studied in the temperature range of 250-400℃. The catalytic activity and product selectivity were strongly dependent on the presence and the type of dopant ion. While Cu²⁺- and Cr³⁺-containing catalysts showed 100% conversion at 300℃ and 350℃, V³⁺-containing catalyst showed considerably lower conversion. Furthermore, while the major products of the reactions over γ-alumina were vinyl chloride (C₂H₃Cl) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) at all temperatures, Cu- and Cr-doped catalysts showed significantly stronger capability for deep oxidation to CO₂.     

Enhanced catalytic complete oxidation of 1,2-dichloroethane over mesoporous transition metal-doped γ-Al2O3

High-surface-area mesoprous powders of γ-Al₂O₃ doped with Cu^2 +, Cr^3 +, and V^3 + ions were prepared via a modified sol–gel method and were investigated as catalysts for the oxidation of chlorinated organic compounds. The composites retained high surface areas and pore volumes comparable with those of undoped γ-Al₂O₃ and the presence of the transition metal ions enhanced their surface acidic properties. The catalytic activity of the prepared catalysts in the oxidation of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) was studied in the temperature range of 250–400°C. The catalytic activity and product selectivity were strongly dependent on the presence and the type of dopant ion. While Cu^2 +- and Cr^3 +-containing catalysts showed 100% conversion at 300°C and 350°C, V^3 +-containing catalyst showed considerably lower conversion. Furthermore, while the major products of the reactions over γ-alumina were vinyl chloride (C₂H₃Cl) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) at all temperatures, Cu- and Cr-doped catalysts showed significantly stronger capability for deep oxidation to CO₂.     

Steady-state kinetics and osillation phenomena for complete oxidation of benzene over Pt/Al_2O_3 catalyst

The steady-state kinetics for complete oxidation of benzene over has been investigated by the external recycling reactor. The kinetics equation was described by the L-H model of adsorption of benzene and oxygen with the inhibition of carbon dioxide. The parameters of the kinetics model were estimated by the method of orthogonal design. The heats of adsorption of benzene, oxygen and carbon dioxide were determined by the method of gas-adsorption chromatography. The details of oscillations of complete oxidation of benzene were investigated.     

Catalytic performance of copper and cerium oxides-based γ-Al_2O_3 on combustion of toluene

以γ-Al2O3为载体,以复合氧化物CuxCe1-xO2为活性组分,其中,x=0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,通过浸渍法制备了一系列CuxCe1-xO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂.在固定床反应器中评价了催化剂对甲苯的催化活性,通过XRD、SEM对催化剂进行表征,并运用ICP-MS分析并计算Cu、Ce的摩尔比以及活性组分的负载量.结果表明,在CuxCe1-xO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂中Cu、Ce摩尔比的实际值与理论值相近,活性组分的负载量在19%以上,而且对甲苯都有较好的低温催化活性,其中当x=0.2时,即Cu0.2Ce0.8O2/γ-Al2O3催化剂对甲苯的催化活性最高,其中T10=160℃,T90=265℃;当甲苯的进口浓度在700～3000mg·m-3时,进口浓度对Cu0.2Ce0.8O2/γ-Al2O3催化剂的催化活性影响较小,且经过连续80h的稳定性操作后转化率仍然保持在90%以上.     

Treatment of phenol wastewater by microwave-induced CIO_2-CuO_x/Al_2O_3 catalytic oxidation process

The catalyst of CuO_x/Al_2O_3 was prepared by the dipping-sedimentation method usingγ-Al_2O_3 as a supporter.CuO and Cu_2O were loaded on the surface of Al_2O_3,characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).In the presence of CuO_x/Al_2O_3,the microwave-induced chlorine dioxide(ClO_2) catalytic oxidation process was conducted for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing 100 mg/L phenol.The factors influencing phenol removal were investigated and the results showed that microwave-induced ClO_2-CuO_x/Al_2O_3 process could effectively degrade contaminants in a short reaction time with a low oxidant dosage,extensive pH range.Under a given condition(ClO_2 concentration 80 mg/L,microwave power 50 W,contact time 5 min,catalyst dosage 50 g/L,pH 9),phenol removal percentage approached 92.24%,corresponding to 79.13% of COD_(Cr) removal.The removal of phenol by microwave-induced ClO_2-CuO_x/Al_2O_3 catalytic oxidation process was a complicated non-homogeneous solid/water reaction, which fitted pseudo-first-order by kinetics.Compared with traditional ClO_2 oxidation,ClO_2 catalytic oxidation and microwave-induced ClO_2 oxidation,microwave-induced ClO_2 catalytic oxidation system could significantly enhance the degradation efficiency.It provides an effective technology for the removal of phenol wastewater.     

Role of NO in Hg~0 oxidation over a commercial selective catalytic reduction catalyst V_2O_5–WO_3/TiO_2

Experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor that contained a commercial catalyst,V_2O_5–WO_3/TiO_2,to investigate mercury oxidation in the presence of NO and O_2.Mercury oxidation was improved by NO,and the efficiency was increased by simultaneously adding NO and O_2.With NO and O_2 pretreatment at 350°C,the catalyst exhibited higher catalytic activity for Hg~0 oxidation,whereas NO pretreatment did not exert a noticeable effect.Decreasing the reaction temperature boosted the performance of the catalyst treated with NO and O_2.Although NO promoted Hg~0 oxidation at the very beginning,excessive NO counteracted this effect.The results show that NO plays different roles in Hg~0oxidation; NO in the gaseous phase may directly react with the adsorbed Hg~0,but excessive NO hinders Hg~0 adsorption.The adsorbed NO was converted into active nitrogen species(e.g.,NO_2) with oxygen,which facilitated the adsorption and oxidation of Hg~0.Hg~0 was oxidized by NO mainly by the Eley–Rideal mechanism.The Hg~0 temperature-programmed desorption experiment showed that weakly adsorbed mercury species were converted to strongly bound ones in the presence of NO and O_2.     

Experimental and theoretical studies on NO selective catalytic oxidation over α-MnO2

Based on the experimental and theoretical methods, the NO selective catalytic oxidation process was proposed. The experimental results indicated that lattice oxygen was the active site for NO oxide over the $\mathrm{\alpha }$-MnO₂(110) surface. In the theoretical study, DFT (density functional theory) and periodic slab modeling were performed on an $\mathrm{\alpha }$-MnO₂(110) surface, and two possible NO oxidation mechanisms over the surface were proposed. The non-defect $\mathrm{\alpha }$-MnO₂(110) surface showed the highest stability, and the surface O_s (the second layer oxygen atoms) position was the most active and stable site. O₂ molecule enhanced the joint adsorption process of two NO molecules. The reaction process, including O₂ dissociation and O=N-O-O-N=O formation, was calculated to carry out the NO catalytic oxidation mechanism over $\mathrm{\alpha }$-MnO₂(110). The results showed that NO oxidation over the $\mathrm{\alpha }$-MnO₂(110) surface exhibited the greatest possibility following the route of O=N-O-O-N=O formation. Meanwhile, the formation of O=N-O-O-N=O was the rate-determining step.     

Investigation into the roles of interfacial H2O structure in catalytic oxidation of HCHO and CO over CuMnO2 catalysts

The rapid deactivation of cost-effective MnO₂-based catalysts in humid air limits their application in practice,and the identification of the role of water in an oxidation process is significant for developing water-resistant MnO₂-based catalysts.Here,CuMnO₂showed a20.3%HCHO conversion in 10 hr at room temperature in humid air with relative humidity of 40%,but deactivated in 3 hr in dry air.The excellent activity and stability of HCHO oxidation in humid air were ...     

γ-Al_2O_3催化C_xH_yO_z还原NO_x的研究进展

概述了γ-Al2O3催化CxHyOz还原NOX的发展情况。着重分析了脱硝反应机理、NO2生成问题及各种CxHyOz还原剂的脱硝活性。并探讨了O2、水蒸汽和SO2对脱硝反应的影响。     

兰州炼油化工总厂催化剂厂Nay母液SiO_2-Al_2O_3凝胶回收取得成效

兰州炼油化工总厂的Nay母液一直被丢弃,不仅造成了SiO_2大量流失并对环境产生污染。     

纳米TiO_2-Al_2O_3负载CuMnO_x对甲苯的催化燃烧

研究采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2-Al2O3复合载体,并用浸渍法制备CuMnOX/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂,通过对甲苯废气催化燃烧的实验,分别考察了Cu-Mn负载量、Cu/Mn摩尔比、焙烧温度及载体对催化剂制备过程及催化剂活性的影响。实验结果表明:活性组分负载量25%,铜锰活性组分的配比Cu:Mn=1:2,焙烧温度500℃是浸渍法制备CuMnOX/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂较佳的工艺条件;XRD衍射图谱表明,500℃下铜锰尖晶石的存在是催化剂催化活性优良的主要原因;由复合载体制备的CuMnOX/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂比单一载体制备的CuMnOX/Al2O3催化剂具有更高的甲苯转化率,其T99比单一载体要低20℃以上。     

V-W/TiO_2/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂催化还原NO的研究

掺杂15%TiO2对γ-Al2O3改性制备了TiO2/γ-Al2O3复合氧化物载体,以此复合氧化物及TiO2、γ-Al2O3为载体用浸渍法负载钒钨制备了一系列催化剂,采用比表面积和孔结构分析、X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨电镜(HRTEM)、原位红外(in situ FT-IR)等技术对载体和催化剂进行宏观-微观表征,同时在模拟氨气选择性催化还原NO(NH3-SCR)的反应条件下对催化剂的脱硝反应活性进行考察,比较研究TiO2掺杂对V2O5-WO3/TiO2和V2O5-WO3/γ-Al2O3催化剂的改性作用。结果发现,少量TiO2掺杂制得的TiO2/γ-Al2O3复合载体中,TiO2和γ-Al2O3之间的协同作用使得V2O5-WO3/TiO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂的选择性催化还原脱硝效率及活性窗口明显优于单一载体制备的催化剂,并表现出了良好的热稳定性;各种表征结果表明,TiO2/γ-Al2O3复合载体中TiO2高度分散在γ-Al2O3上,复合载体具有较大的比表面积,载体表面存在大量的Br?nsted酸位和较多的活性中间产物,这些可能是TiO2/γ-Al2O3复合载体催化剂具有较好SCR活性的原因。     

γ-Al_2O_3催化臭氧氧化降解偶氮染料橙黄G的研究

采用γ-Al2O3作为催化臭氧化催化剂,以偶氮染料橙黄G模拟废水为目标物,分析了γ-Al2O3和臭氧之间的协同作用,考察了催化剂粒径、pH、臭氧浓度等对橙黄G去除率的影响规律;通过添加叔丁醇和紫外-可见吸收光谱法,初步探讨了催化臭氧化处理橙黄G反应机理。结果表明:与单一臭氧降解和单一γ-Al2O3吸附体系相比,O3/γ-Al2O3体系能显著提高色度及COD去除率,体现出良好的协同作用;1000 mg/L的橙黄G模拟废水经120 min反应其色度去除率可达99.9%,COD去除率可以达到76.1%;投加羟基抑制剂叔丁醇,分析得出γ-Al2O3催化臭氧降解橙黄G是臭氧直接作用和羟基自由基共同作用引起的。     

Na_2O-K_2O-CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe_2O_3-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-TiO_2-H_2O-CO_2体系中矿物的热容:表达式估算与高温外推

<正> R.G.Berman 和 T.H.Brown,《Contrib.Mineral.Petrol.》1985,V.89,No.2/3,163—183(英文)     

Ru-WO_3/γ-Al_2O_3液相氢解玉米芯提取油的性能研究

成功制备催化剂Ru-WO_3/γ-Al_2O_3,用于液相氢解玉米芯提取油的实验研究。运用BET、H_2-TPD和SEM等进行表征,并对反应的影响因素进行对比探究。结果表明:3%Ru-4%WO_3/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂比表面积大,金属Ru分散均匀,助剂WO_3的引入有利于金属Ru的分散,同时有利于提高主产物环戊酮的选择性。优化反应条件,玉米芯提取油的转化率可达到83.42%,主产物环戊酮的选择性可达65.44%,表明此种催化剂适合玉米芯生物质资源转化。     

Role of NO in Hg oxidation over a commercial selective catalytic reduction catalyst V2O5–WO3/TiO2

Experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor that contained a commercial catalyst, V₂O₅–WO₃/TiO₂, to investigate mercury oxidation in the presence of NO and O₂. Mercury oxidation was improved by NO, and the efficiency was increased by simultaneously adding NO and O₂. With NO and O₂ pretreatment at 350°C, the catalyst exhibited higher catalytic activity for Hg⁰ oxidation, whereas NO pretreatment did not exert a noticeable effect. Decreasing the reaction temperature boosted the performance of the catalyst treated with NO and O₂. Although NO promoted Hg⁰ oxidation at the very beginning, excessive NO counteracted this effect. The results show that NO plays different roles in Hg⁰ oxidation; NO in the gaseous phase may directly react with the adsorbed Hg⁰, but excessive NO hinders Hg⁰ adsorption. The adsorbed NO was converted into active nitrogen species (e.g., NO₂) with oxygen, which facilitated the adsorption and oxidation of Hg⁰. Hg⁰ was oxidized by NO mainly by the Eley–Rideal mechanism. The Hg⁰ temperature-programmed desorption experiment showed that weakly adsorbed mercury species were converted to strongly bound ones in the presence of NO and O₂.     

常压下Ni-Fe/γ-Al_2O_3合成气甲烷化的催化机理研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了γ-Al2O3负载的Ni金属催化剂和Ni-Fe双金属催化剂,采用BET、XRD、H2-TPR等手段对催化剂进行了表征,利用固定床反应装置考察了催化剂的合成气甲烷化的催化活性,研究了常压下不同负载量的镍铁双金属催化剂在不同空速下及不同温度下的催化活性。结果表明:反应空速为30 000 m L/(g·h),反应原料气体积分数为N2:20%、H2:60%、CO:20%的反应条件下,Ni-Fe/γ-Al2O3双金属催化剂表现出高的甲烷化活性,CO的转化率接近100%,CH4的选择性可达90%以上。得到在Ni和Fe的负载量均在15%的情况下,催化剂催化效果达到最佳,BET、XRD及H2-TPR分析表明,在这样的比例下,Ni-Fe/γ-Al2O3双金属催化剂中Ni、Fe之间产生了明显的相互作用,在还原后的催化剂中以Ni-Fe合金形式存在,铁助剂的添加可以使催化剂的还原温度降低,利于活性组分被还原。镍、铁之间的相互作用有利于产生电子效应,并使得Ni O的分散度有所提高,催化剂能够充分地被还原,从而提高催化剂活性。     

Pd-W-Cu/γ-Al_2O_3催化氢还原脱硝的基本性能研究

采用浸渍法制备Pd-W-Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂,用XRD和SEM方法对该催化剂进行了表征.以氢气作为还原剂,在间歇式反应器中对催化还原地下水中硝酸盐进行了实验研究,考察了催化剂制备方法对催化还原硝酸盐性能的影响.结果表明,W的添加改善了Pd的分散性,提高了催化剂的活性和选择性.金属Pd/W/Cu质量比、浸渍顺序和焙烧温度对催化性能有较大影响.Pd/W/Cu质量比为3∶1∶1,Pd、Cu和W3种金属组分同时浸渍,焙烧温度为400℃时,催化剂的活性和选择性最高.在NO3--N初始浓度为100mg·mL-1条件下,催化反应60min后水中NO3--N和NO2--N浓度均为0mg·mL-1,NH4+-N浓度为2.5mg·mL-1.     

Concurrent catalytic removal of typical volatile organic compound mixtures over Au-Pd/α-MnO2 nanotubes

α-MnO_2 nanotubes and their supported Au-Pd alloy nanocatalysts were prepared using hydrothermal and polyvinyl alcohol-protected reduction methods, respectively. Their catalytic activity for the oxidation of toluene/m-xylene, acetone/ethyl acetate, acetone/m-xylene and ethyl acetate/m-xylene mixtures was evaluated. It was found that the interaction between Au-Pd alloy nanoparticles and α-MnO_2 nanotubes significantly improved the reactivity of lattice oxygen, and the 0.91 wt.% Au0.48 Pd/α-MnO_2 nanotube catalyst outperformed the α-MnO_2 nanotube catalyst in the oxidation of toluene, m-xylene, ethyl acetate and acetone. Over the0.91 wt.% Au0.48 Pd/α-MnO_2 nanotube catalyst,(i) toluene oxidation was greatly inhibited in the toluene/m-xylene mixture, while m-xylene oxidation was not influenced;(ii) acetone and ethyl acetate oxidation suffered a minor impact in the acetone/ethyl acetate mixture; and(iii) m-xylene oxidation was enhanced whereas the oxidation of the oxygenated VOCs(volatile organic compounds) was suppressed in the acetone/m-xylene or ethyl acetate/m-xylene mixtures. The competitive adsorption of these typical VOCs on the catalyst surface induced an inhibitive effect on their oxidation, and increasing the temperature favored the oxidation of the VOCs. The mixed VOCs could be completely oxidized into CO_2 and H_2 O below 320°C at a space velocity of 40,000 m L/(g·hr). The 0.91 wt.% Au0.48 Pd/α-MnO_2 nanotube catalyst exhibited high catalytic stability as well as good tolerance to water vapor and CO_2 in the oxidation of the VOC mixtures. Thus, the α-MnO_2 nanotube-supported noble metal alloy catalysts hold promise for the efficient elimination of VOC mixtures.     

微波诱导催化剂CuO/γ-Al_2O_3处理活性艳蓝的研究

采用均匀包裹沉淀法制得的CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂,利用XRD对催化剂的物相结构进行了表征,并应用于微波诱导氧化工艺中,考察了催化剂投加量、微波功率、微波辐照时间等因素对活性艳模拟废水处理效果的影响。结果显示,在催化剂投加量为2g/L,微波功率为720W,辐照时间为3min的条件下,处理50mg/L的活性艳蓝脱色率可达到95.3%。