Synthesis, crystal structure, photodegradation kinetics and photocatalytic activity of novel photocatalyst ZnBiYO4

ZnBiYO₄ was synthesized by a solid-state reaction method for the first time. The structural and photocatalytic properties of ZnBiYO₄ were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance. ZnBiYO₄ crystallized with a tetragonal spinel structure with space group I41/A. The lattice parameters for ZnBiYO₄ were a = b = 11.176479 Å and c= 10.014323 Å. The band gap of ZnBiYO₄ was estimated to be 1.58 eV. The photocatalytic activity of ZnBiYO₄ was assessed by photodegradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation. The results showed that ZnBiYO₄ had higher catalytic activity compared with N-doped TiO₂ under the same experimental conditions using visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange with ZnBiYO₄ or N-doped TiO₂ as catalyst followed first-order reaction kinetics, and the first-order rate constant was 0.01575 and 0.00416 min^-1 for ZnBiYO₄ and N-doped TiO₂, respectively. After visible light irradiation for 220 min with ZnBiYO₄ as catalyst, complete removal and mineralization of methyl orange were observed. The reduction of total organic carbon, formation of inorganic products, SO₄^2- and NO₃^-, and evolution of CO₂ revealed the continuous mineralization of methyl orange during the photocatalytic process. The intermediate products were identified using liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry. The ZnBiYO₄/(visible light) photocatalysis system was found to be suitable for textile industry wastewater treatment and could be used to solve other environmental chemical pollution problems.     

Synthesis,crystal structure,photodegradation kinetics and photocatalytic activity of novel photocatalyst ZnBiYO4

ZnBiYO₄ was synthesized by a solid-state reaction method for the first time. The structural and photocatalytic properties of ZnBiYO₄ were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance. ZnBiYO₄ crystallized with a tetragonal spinel structure with space group I41/A. The lattice parameters for ZnBiYO₄ were a = b = 11.176479 Å and c = 10.014323 Å. The band gap of ZnBiYO₄ was estimated to be 1.58 eV. The photocatalytic activity of ZnBiYO₄ was assessed by photodegradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation. The results showed that ZnBiYO₄ had higher catalytic activity compared with N-doped TiO₂ under the same experimental conditions using visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange with ZnBiYO₄ or N-doped TiO₂ as catalyst followed first-order reaction kinetics, and the first-order rate constant was 0.01575 and 0.00416 min^− 1 for ZnBiYO₄ and N-doped TiO₂, respectively. After visible light irradiation for 220 min with ZnBiYO₄ as catalyst, complete removal and mineralization of methyl orange were observed. The reduction of total organic carbon, formation of inorganic products, SO₄^2 − and NO₃⁻, and evolution of CO₂ revealed the continuous mineralization of methyl orange during the photocatalytic process. The intermediate products were identified using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The ZnBiYO₄/(visible light) photocatalysis system was found to be suitable for textile industry wastewater treatment and could be used to solve other environmental chemical pollution problems.     

Nonylphenol photodegradation by novel ternary MIL-100（Fe）/ZnFe2O4/PCN composite under visible light irradiation via double charge transfer process

Nonylphenol（NP） residues, as a typical endocrine disrupting chemical（EDC）, frequently exist in sewage, surface water, groundwater and even drinking water, which poses a serious threat to human health due to its bioaccumulation. In order to remove NP, a series of MIL-100（Fe）/Zn Fe₂O₄/flake-like porous carbon nitride（MIL/ZC） was synthesized through in-situ synthesis at room temperature. High performance of ternary MIL/ZC is used to degrade NP under visible light irradiation. ...     

In situ preparation of g-C3N4/Bi4O5I2 complex and its elevated photoactivity in Methyl Orange degradation under visible light

A graphite carbon nitride(g-C₃N₄) modified Bi₄O₅I₂ composite was successfully prepared insitu via the thermal treatment of a g-C₃N₄/Bi OI precursor at 400°C for 3 hr.The as-prepared g-C₃N₄/Bi₄O₅I₂ showed high photocatalytic performance in Methyl Orange(MO) degradation under visible light.The best sample presented a degradation rate of 0.164 min^-1,which is...     

TiO2/pg-C3N4复合催化剂的制备及光催化性能

通过简单的超声剥离分散和水热法,成功制得了具有多孔结构的TiO₂/pg-C₃N₄复合催化剂.利用XRD、SEM、TEM、UV-Vis DRS和PL对样品的形貌、结构及光学性能进行了表征.在模拟太阳光照射下,以RhB和MO为模拟污染物考察了TiO₂/pg-C₃N₄的光催化性能.结果表明：当TiO₂占pg-C₃N₄的质量分数为5%时,制得的TiO₂/pg-C₃N₄（5：100）复合催化剂具有最优的光催化性能.TiO₂/pg-C₃N₄（5：100）对RhB的光催化降解途径为O^2·-和h⁺使整个共轭发色团结构发生裂解.TiO₂/pg-C₃N₄（5：100）光催化性能的提高一方面是由于多孔结构增加了光催化反应的活性位点;另一方面是由于TiO₂与pg-C₃N₄之间形成了Z型异质结,与传统的Ⅱ型异质结相比,该复合催化剂不仅使光生载流子分离效率提高,同时保留了pg-C₃N₄导带电子的强还原性和TiO₂价带空穴的强氧化性.     

g-C3N4/rGO/TiO2光催化材料降解模拟污水中氨氮

以自制的g-C₃N₄和氧化石墨烯（GO）及TiO₂为原料,通过静电吸附组装、水热还原等反应过程制备以还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）为光生电子传输介质的g-C₃N₄/rGO/TiO₂光催化材料,并通过冷场发射扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射光谱（XRD）、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱（UV-Vis-DRS）、光电流密度测试等方法对催化剂形貌结构和光学性能进行了表征.选择含氮浓度为50mg/L的氨氮溶液作为模拟原水,调节氨氮溶液的pH值至9~10,研究了该光催化材料在氙灯照射下的氨氮去除效果.结果表明,g-C₃N₄/rGO/TiO₂光催化材料的SEM照片显示其为TiO₂包覆结构,复合材料的XRD图谱同时出现了TiO₂和g-C₃N₄的衍射峰,DRS光谱则体现出复合材料在可见光区的光吸收能力明显增强;对氨氮的去除实验表明原材料GO：g-C₃N₄=1：10的复合光催化材料有较好的光催化降解氨氮的性能,氨氮平均去除率为97%.通过采用电子顺磁共振（EPR）测定反应过程中的活性自由基,推测降解机理为：复合光催化剂在氙灯照射下生成的超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基直接在材料表面对吸附的NH₃进行氧化,而rGO则作为光催化材料的传输介质起到了传导光生电荷的作用.     

g-C3N4/rGO/TiO2光催化材料降解模拟污水中氨氮

以自制的g-C₃N₄和氧化石墨烯（GO）及TiO₂为原料,通过静电吸附组装、水热还原等反应过程制备以还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）为光生电子传输介质的g-C₃N₄/rGO/TiO₂光催化材料,并通过冷场发射扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射光谱（XRD）、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱（UV-Vis-DRS）、光电流密度测试等方法对催化剂形貌结构和光学性能进行了表征.选择含氮浓度为50mg/L的氨氮溶液作为模拟原水,调节氨氮溶液的pH值至9~10,研究了该光催化材料在氙灯照射下的氨氮去除效果.结果表明,g-C₃N₄/rGO/TiO₂光催化材料的SEM照片显示其为TiO₂包覆结构,复合材料的XRD图谱同时出现了TiO₂和g-C₃N₄的衍射峰,DRS光谱则体现出复合材料在可见光区的光吸收能力明显增强;对氨氮的去除实验表明原材料GO：g-C₃N₄=1：10的复合光催化材料有较好的光催化降解氨氮的性能,氨氮平均去除率为97%.通过采用电子顺磁共振（EPR）测定反应过程中的活性自由基,推测降解机理为：复合光催化剂在氙灯照射下生成的超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基直接在材料表面对吸附的NH₃进行氧化,而rGO则作为光催化材料的传输介质起到了传导光生电荷的作用.     

WO3/g-C3N4异质结光催化剂的制备和光催化活性探究

采用水热合成和煅烧法制备高催化活性的WO₃/g-C₃N₄材料,并用于酸性橙G废水的降解.同时,采用X射线衍射、漫反射光谱、傅立叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜和氮吸附-脱附测试、X光子能谱和光致发光光谱方法对复合材料进行了表征.降解实验表明,复合材料的光催化性能比单一WO₃和g-C₃N₄高,且Z型光催化剂WO₃/g-C₃N₄在WO₃与g-C₃N₄质量比为3∶10时具有最高的光催化活性,在105 min内对20 mg·L^-1酸性橙G的光降解效率达98%,反应速率是单一g-C₃N₄的5倍.采用自由基捕获剂分别对体系中的·OH、·O₂^-和h⁺进行捕获实验,结果表明,·OH、·O₂^-和h⁺共同参与了光催化降解反应,其中,h⁺是Z型WO₃/g-C₃N₄光催化的主要活性物质.复合催化剂具有良好的重复利用性,在3次循环试验后光降解效率仍达90%.     

铋修饰BiOBr/g-C3N4异质结光催化剂合成及其可见光催化性能研究

以尿素为氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）合成的前驱体,柠檬酸（CA）作为还原剂,以一步溶剂热法制备铋修饰BiOBr/g-C₃N₄异质结型复合光催化剂（简称Bi/BiOBr/g-C₃N₄）.通过调控CA的投加量,实现了对Bi/BiOBr/g-C₃N₄可见光催化的可控制备,并以RhB为目标污染物研究其光催化活性.结果表明：1被还原在BiOBr表面上的Bi金属含量随还原剂CA投加量增加而增加,CA最佳投加量为2 mmol,Bi/BiOBr/g-C₃N₄的光生载流子的分离效率最高、禁带宽度最窄（2.43 eV）.而未采用CA改性的BiOBr/g-C₃N₄,其禁带宽度为2.8 eV.2投加CA能调控BiOBr形貌（如结晶度、尺寸大小以及晶粒平均厚度）,进而调控其光催化活性.当CA投加量为2 mmol时,BiOBr纳米微球大小适中,结晶度最高,晶粒平均厚度最小.3Bi修饰BiOBr/g-C₃N₄光催化剂对RhB的可见光降解率高达99.8%,其光催化降解速率达到0.097 k·min^-1,是BiOBr/g-C₃N₄光催化速率（0.026 k·min^-1）的3.73倍.4Bi/BiOBr/g-C₃N₄异质结光降解机理是：在Bi金属等离子体效应、BiOBr表面氧空缺与异质结的协同作用下,提高了Bi/BiOBr/g-C₃N₄异质结对可见光吸收能力和光生载流子的分离效率,从而实现对RhB的高效降解.     

Preparation and photocatalytic performance study of dual Z-scheme Bi2Zr2O7/g-C3N4/Ag3PO4 for removal of antibiotics by visible-light

At present, the high re-combination rate of photogenerated carriers and the low redox capability of the photocatalyst are two factors that severely limit the improvement of photocatalytic performance. Herein, a dual Z-scheme photocatalyst bismuthzirconate/graphitic carbon nitride/silver phosphate (Bi₂Zr₂O₇/g-C₃N₄/Ag₃PO₄ (BCA)) was synthesized using a co-precipitation method, and a dual Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalytic system was established to decrease the high re-combination rate of photogenerated carriers and consequently improve the photocatalytic performance. The re-combination of electron-hole pairs (e⁻ and h⁺) in the valence band (VB) of g-C₃N₄ increases the redox potential of e⁻ and h⁺, leading to significant improvements in the redox capability of the photocatalyst and the efficiency of e⁻-h⁺ separation. As a photosensitizer, Ag₃PO₄ can enhance the visible light absorption capacity of the photocatalyst. The prepared photocatalyst showed strong stability, which was attributed to the efficient suppression of photo-corrosion of Ag₃PO₄ by transferring the e⁻ to the VB of g-C₃N₄. Tetracycline was degraded efficiently by BCA-10% (the BCA with 10 wt.% of AgPO₄) under visible light, and the degradation efficiency was up to 86.2%. This study experimentally suggested that the BCA photocatalyst has broad application prospects in removing antibiotic pollution.     

Detection of intermediates in the TiO2-assisted photodegradation of Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation

The photocatalytic degradation of dye Rhodamine B （RhB） in the presence of TiO2 nanostdpe or P25 under visible light irradiation was investigated. The degradation intermediates were identified using Infrared spectra （IR spectra）, ^1H nuclear magnetic resonance （^1HNMR） spectra, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy （GC-MS）. The IR and the ^1HNMR results showed that the large conjugated chromophore structure of RhB was efficiently destroyed under visible light irradiation in both the photocatalytic systems （TiO2 nanostfipe or P25 and Rhodamine B systems）. GC-MS results showed that the main identified intermediates were ethanediotic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid and benzoic acid, which were almost the same in the TiO2 nanostdpes and P25 systems. This work provides a good insight into the reaction pathway（s） for the TiO2-assisted photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutants under visible light irradiation.     

Synthesis of novel CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic properties

To utilize visible light more effectively in photocatalytic reactions, a fly ash cenosphere （FAC）-supported CeO2-BiV04 （CeO2-BiVO4/FAC） composite photocatalyst was prepared by modified metalorganic decomposition and impregnation methods. The physical and photophysical properties of the composite have been characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra. The XRD patterns exhibited characteristic diffraction peaks of both BiVO4 and Ce02 crystalline phases. The XPS results showed that Ce was present as both Ce4＋ and Ce3＋ oxidation states in Ce02 and dispersed on the surface of BiV04 to constitute a p-n heterojunction composite. The absorption threshold of the CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composite shifted to a longer wavelength in the UV-Vis absorption spectrum compared to the pure Ce02 and pure BiV04. The composites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity for Methylene Blue （MB） degradation under visible light irradiation. It was found that the 7.5 wt.% CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composite showed the highest photocatalytic activity for MB dye wastewater treatment.     

镧掺杂TiO2/g-C3N4复合光催化剂的制备及其可见光催化活性研究

以工业二氧化钛(TiO_2)、硝酸镧(LaN_3O_9·5H_2O)、三聚氰胺(C_3H_6N_6)为原料制备了La掺杂TiO_2/g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、荧光光谱(PL)等表征方法对光催化剂结构进行分析,表明复合样品中La以La~(3+)形式存在于TiO_2晶体中,并形成TiO_2/g-C_3N_4异质结构,其禁带宽度减小、吸收带边红移,光催化效率有明显提高.以亚甲基蓝为目标污染物评价其光催化活性,镧掺杂量为4%(质量分数)、煅烧温度为520℃、煅烧时间为2 h时,复合样品光催化活性最佳,在12 LED灯下,180 min后对10 mg·L~(-1)亚甲基蓝溶液的去除率达97%.     

氮氟掺杂二氧化钛(N,F-TiO2)的制备及可见光催化活性的研究

以氨水为氮源,氢氟酸为氟源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了氮氟掺杂二氧化钛(N,F-TiO2)光催化剂,并通过X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)技术对其晶型和形态进行表征.最后以酸性红B为模型污染物,探讨了N和F加入量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、照射时间、催化剂用量、溶液初始浓度和照射功率等因素对N,F-TiO2可见光催化活性的影响.结果表明,制备的N,F-TiO2以锐钛型为主,N和F的掺杂对TiO2的晶相没有明显改变,但可以扩大TiO2的可见光响应范围.当N和F的加入量均为2.0%,且在500℃下焙烧40 min时,得到的N,F-TiO2的可见光催化活性明显高于单N或单F掺杂的TiO2(N-TiO2或F-TiO2).对于50 mL浓度为10.0 mg·L-1的酸性红B溶液,当催化剂加入量为1.5 g·L-1,128W光照3.0 h,溶液pH=5.6时,去除率为85.40%.适当延长光照时间至4.0 h,降解率几乎可达100%.另外,研究还证明了N,F-TiO2催化可见光降解过程中有.OH自由基生成.     

Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles in different thermal conditions and modeling its photocatalytic activity with artificial neural network

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles were prepared by sol gel route. The preparation parameters were optimized in the removal of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). All catalysts were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An artificial neural network model (ANN) was developed to predict the photocatalytic removal of 4-NP in the presence of TiO₂ nanoparticles prepared under desired conditions. The comparison between the predicted results by designed ANN model and the experimental data proved that modeling of the removal process of 4-NP using artificial neural network was a precise method to predict the extent of 4-NP removal under different conditions.     

镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)对2,4,6-三氯苯酚的降解特性及其机制

为了解镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)降解2,4,6-三氯苯酚(TCP)的因素影响规律,研究了温度、p H、外加碳源、氮源、氯离子及TCP浓度对其降解特性的影响,分析了其降解动力学与降解途径.结论:镰刀菌能以TCP为唯一碳源和能源物质进行生长繁殖,TCP降解最适条件为:氮源Na NO3(0.2 g·L~(-1)),30℃,p H=6~7.外加碳源葡萄糖对降解TCP具有明显的抑制作用.氯离子浓度低于0.2 g·L~(-1)时对降解TCP具有一定的促进作用,但随着氯离子浓度的增加,TCP的降解受到了抑制.镰刀菌对TCP降解速率随着其浓度的升高而减缓.镰刀菌能降解10~50 mg·L~(-1)的TCP,其降解反应符合零级降解动力学方程.镰刀菌降解TCP过程中检测到2,6-二氯苯酚(RT 12.521 min),可推测TCP是通过2,6-二氯苯酚途径进行降解的.     

静电纺丝法制备CaIn2O4-In2O3纳米带及其光催化性能

利用静电纺丝技术原位制备了准一维结构CaIn_2O_4-In_2O_3纳米带.采用XRD、SEM、TEM、EDS、UV-vis DRS、N_2吸附-脱附曲线等对合成的光催化剂进行表征,并以对苯二甲酸(TA)为分子探针物质,结合荧光技术探讨了光催化反应过程中·OH自由基的变化.以亚甲基蓝(MB)为降解目标物,考察了CaIn_2O_4-In_2O_3纳米带的光催化活性,并研究了溶液pH及MB初始浓度对其光催化活性的影响.研究结果表明,宽度约为(663±75) nm的CaIn_2O_4-In_2O_3纳米带由直径约为80 nm的纳米颗粒组成,且纳米颗粒之间有一定的孔隙.模拟太阳光辐照120 min,MB的降解率为76%,且降解过程服从一级动力学模型.CaIn_2O_4-In_2O_3纳米带在酸性环境中显正电性,且光催化反应体系中·OH自由基的生成量随反应时间线性增加.CaIn_2O_4与In_2O_3的耦合使得合成的光催化剂在模拟太阳光下具有良好的光催化活性.     

TiO2/g-C3N4在泡沫陶瓷表面的负载及光催化空气净化性能增强

以市售P25(TiO_2)和g-C_3N_4为原料,以多孔氧化铝泡沫陶瓷为载体,进行了负载型光催化组件的设计与环境应用.运用浸渍提拉-热处理法制备负载P25/g-C_3N_4的泡沫陶瓷组件,对其微结构进行了表征测试,并将其应用于空气中NO的去除.结果表明,P25/g-C_3N_4在氧化铝泡沫陶瓷表面负载牢固,P25/g-C_3N_4禁带结构匹配有利于光生电荷的分离.研究了P25/g-C_3N_4比例对光催化性能的影响,当g-C_3N_4占P25的量为30%时,负载组件的光催化性能最佳,对NO的去除率达到79.6%.在5次循环反应后,负载型光催化剂表现出良好的稳定性.本研究为P25/g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂的空气净化应用提供了思路和技术基础.     

Ti0.7W0.3O2@BiVO4 p-n复合异质结构界面光催化剂的制备及其可见光催化降解苯酚机理的研究

设计并制备了新型Ti_0.7W_0.3O₂/BiVO₄ p-n复合异质结构界面光催化剂应用于可见光条件下降解模拟含苯酚污染物的废水.采用粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、固体粉末紫外漫反射(DRS)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术表征了Ti_0.7W_0.3O₂/BiVO₄ p-n复合异质结构界面的性状.结果显示BiVO₄纳米粒子均匀地分布在Ti_0.7W_0.3O₂纳米颗粒周围并构筑了稳定的p-n复合异质结构界面.Ti_0.7W_0.3O₂/BiVO₄ p-n复合异质结构界面光催化剂具有更宽的可见光响应范围和更低的能带宽度.纯BiVO₄和Ti_0.7W_0.3O₂