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For pregnancies less than 17 menstrual weeks, increasing amounts of nuchal fluid increase the risks of chromosome abnormalities with localized nuchal fluid, diffuse nuchal fluid, cystic hygroma, and fetal hydrops having chromosomal risks of 12, 23, 50, and 78 per cent, respectively. The ultrasound appearance of localized or diffuse nuchal fluid is not a specific discriminator, but a fluid depth of greater than or equal to 5 mm may be an indicator of increased risk of fetal chromosomal abnormalities. If the fluid depth is less than 5 mm, there is a stronger negative predictive value and negative likelihood risk of a fetal chromosome abnormality. Gestational age did not improve the fluid depth predictive value. Differentiation of physiological from pathological requires chromosome analysis, serial ultrasound evaluation, and good clinical examination as a newborn and possibly as a young child. Long-term follow-up of those cases identified with resolving nuchal fluid abnormalities is not available and is required for a complete understanding of physiological and pathological aetiologies. Genetic counselling for fetal nuchal fluid would be recommended. 相似文献
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DNA from 16 sets of samples comprising DNA from uncultured amniotic fluid cells, cultured amniotic fluid cells, fetal tissue, and maternal blood was analysed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with AC-repeat primers. The analysis was performed to investigate the presence of contaminating maternal cells in amniotic fluid which would affect the reliability of DNA studies for prenatal diagnosis. In three sets, maternal contamination of uncultured amniotic fluid cells was detected. In one of the three sets, maternal contamination was present in both uncultured and cultured amniotic fluid cells. The use of amniotic fluid cells as a source of DNA for prenatal diagnosis should be limited to cases where the purity of the DNA can be demonstrated prior to the diagnostic test being performed. This limitation in the use of amniotic fluid DNA also extends to other forms of diagnosis relying on the purity of amniotic fluid samples, particularly the new in situ hybridization methods currently being developed. 相似文献
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关于成矿流体地球化学研究的几个问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
成矿流体地球化学是当前正蓬勃发展的流体地质学研究的一个重要分支。本文对八十年代以来国际上关于成矿流体地球化学研究的几个问题做了阐述,涉及到元素在熔体-溶液平衡体系中的分配、热水溶液系统中成矿元素的配合物形式及其主要影响因素,金属从成矿流体中沉淀机理研究等。提出了在成矿流体地球化学研究方面应重视的问题。 相似文献
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Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gel electrophoresis was performed on samples of amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid obtained by high resolution transvaginal ultrasound-guided amniocentesis from 38 women between 8 and 12 weeks of pregnancy. AChE was positive in 33 per cent (12/36) of the amniotic fluid samples; the percentage of positive results decreased as gestation advanced. AChE was positive in 32 per cent (9/28) of the extraembryonic coelomic fluid samples. In 81 per cent (21/26) of matched samples, the AChE results were identical in the two fluids. Amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid AChE electrophoresis cannot be used to diagnose neural tube defects prior to 12 weeks of gestation. 相似文献
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Reduction in serum requirement for culture of primary human amniotic fluid cells can be achieved by the addition of 10 growth-promoting factors to the nutrient medium. This supplemented medium preserves cell types normally found in amniotic fluid cell cultures supplemented with 20–30 per cent fetal bovine serum. The volume of amniotic fluid required to initiate culture can be as little as 1 ml. Amniotic fluid samples contaminated with red blood cells with no visible clot also grow well in the low serum medium. Cell-free amniotic fluid combined with equal parts of supplemented medium is useful in initiating cell culture. 相似文献
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M. Peter Marinkovich MD Guerrino Meneguzzi Robert E. Burgeson Claudine Blanchet-Bardon Karen A. Holbrook Lynne T. Smith Angela M. Christiano Jean-Paul Ortonne 《黑龙江环境通报》1995,15(11):1027-1034
Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa (HJEB) is a severe blistering disorder which usually results in death during infancy. We have previously shown that the anchoring filament protein laminin-5 (kalinin/nicein), which mediates keratinocyte attachment and dermal–epidermal cohesion, is abnormally expressed in individuals with HJEB. Laminin-5 was detected by Western blot analysis in amniotic fluid from 44 consecutive normal secondtrimester control pregnancies, but was undetectable in second-trimester amniotic fluid from four pregnancies with fetuses affected by HJEB. In one case of severe non-Herlitz JEB, laminin-5 was detected in both amniotic fluid and skin. In human amniotic fluid, the laminin-5 a3 subunit was processed to a major 165 kD species and a minor 145 kD species and the β2 subunit was partially processed to 105 kD. Although laminin-5 was covalently associated with laminin-6 (K-laminin) in amniotic membrane, no covalent interaction was detected in amniotic fluid. Laminin-5 from amniotic fluid strongly supported keratinocyte attachment. These results suggest that Western blot analysis of second-trimester amniotic fluid is useful in determining the prenatal diagnosis of HJEB and that laminin-5 may serve a physiologically important function in amniotic fluid. 相似文献
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吸附过程中流场分布对液膜扩散传质影响模型的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在总结流场条件影响吸附传质过程的同时,提出了流场分布影响液膜扩散传质的物理模型,指出不同的流场分布,液膜厚度变化不同,传质阻力也就不同,从而导致传质效果的不同. 通过对传质方程中流速的物理意义进行重新定义,同时引入流场效应系数(Z),对传统的液膜扩散控制传质模型进行了修正,使模型中参数的物理意义更明确,并用13X沸石对Ca2+的吸附实验验证了该模型的合理性. 结果表明,13X沸石对Ca2+的吸附传质效率与搅拌转速和叶片大小成正比,即与流场分布密切相关,其中流场分布比较规则的二次流场吸附传质效率最高;此外初始ρ(Ca2+)越高,传质越快,吸附效果越好,但流场分布影响越小,归结原因是此时传质动力的影响占据主导作用,超过了液膜阻力的影响,进而掩盖了流场分布对传质的影响. 相似文献
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Separately identified samples of amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid obtained by high resolution transvaginal ultrasound-guided amniocentesis from 32 women between 7 and 12 weeks of pregnancy were analysed for human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). There was a highly significant difference between the hCG levels in amniotic fluid (median level 6.3 U/ml; range 1.6–310.0 U/ml) and those in extraembryonic coelomic fluid (median level 400.0U/ml; range 135.0–2250.0U/ml) (p<0.001; Mann-Whitney U/–test). The levels of AFP were very similar in amniotic fluid (median 26.0 kU/ml; range 10.0–116.5 kU/ml) and extraembryonic coelomic fluid (median level 24.1 kU/ml; range 12.4–94.4 kU/ml). 相似文献
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韧性剪切作用与深源流体演化和金矿化的耦合关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
流体形成演化是当前地球科学的前沿领域,但构造-流体-成矿作用的研究仍很薄弱。文章通过对流体性质的分析,探讨了地质作用过程中流体演化、韧性剪切带中流体演化与矿化的关系。提出当韧性剪切转为脆性剪切时产生的扩容,导致深源流体发生骤然减压冷却,并与地壳浅部流体混合,发生与围岩的交代反应而形成热液蚀变。成矿作用发生于深源流体与上地壳流体的“混合”阶段及流体与围岩交代反应阶段。 相似文献
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Two women not only lost relatively large amounts of amniotic fluid immediately following genetic amniocentesis, but continued to lose fluid for the remainder of their pregnancies. Periodic ultrasonographic assessment confirmed normal fetal growth and presence of some amniotic fluid. Both women were delivered at term of normal offspring who showed no evidence of fetal deformations. Although amnionitis is a risk, cautious surveillance may permit continuation of pregnancies complicated by copious or persistent amniotic fluid leakage following genetic amniocentesis. 相似文献
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Growth of cells from amniotic fluid was studied with respect to cell concentration in the inoculum, blood contamination of the fluid, fluid colour, fluid clarity, gestational age of the pregnancy, and growth factors. Dependent variables measured were colony formation, colony size, and colony morphology after 7, 11, and 14 days of culture. The following conclusions were established from these studies: small sample volumes are the most efficient for producing colonies; cells from very bloody or dark brown fluids have a slower rate of growth; growth of cells from cloudy (noncontaminated) fluids is better than growth of cells from clear fluids; the proportion of colonies that are epithelioid varies with gestational age; the stimulating effect of 100 ng/ml fibroblast growth factor on cells from amniotic fluid was confirmed. 相似文献