Disintegration of municipal waste activated sludge by simultaneous combination of acid and ultrasonic pretreatment

The individual and simultaneous effects of acid and ultrasonic pretreatment on the disintegration of municipal waste activated sludge (WAS) were investigated based on chemical properties of WAS. In the combination of acid and ultrasonic pretreatment methods (ultrasonic-acid pretreatment), lowering pH accelerated and enhanced the disintegration of waste biological sludge. Therefore, the same disintegration efficiency (obtained by ultrasonic pretreatment alone) was achieved by the combined pretreatment in shorter sonication times. Optimum pretreatment conditions were ultrasonic power density of 1.0 W/mL and pretreatment time of 10 min for ultrasonic pretreatment alone, and ultrasonic power density of 1.0 W/mL, pretreatment time of 10 min and initial sludge pH of 2.0 for the combined pretreatment. Sludge disintegration degrees were about 30% and 40% under these optimized conditions, respectively. Optimum sludge concentration was found to be 1.0% total solid (TS) content for the combined pretreatment. As a result, ultrasonic-acid pretreatment has been determined as a new and effective combined sludge pretreatment method to improve the sludge disintegration.     

Disintegration of waste activated sludge by different applications of Fenton process

Oxidative disintegration of municipal waste activated sludge (WAS) using conventional Fenton (Fe²⁺ + H₂O₂, CFP) and Fenton type (Fe⁰ + H₂O₂, FTP) processes was investigated and compared in terms of the efficiency of sludge disintegration and enhancement of anaerobic biodegradability. The influences of different operational variables namely sludge pH, initial concentration of Fe²⁺ or Fe⁰, and H₂O₂ were studied in detail. The optimum conditions have been found as catalyst iron dosage = 4 g/kg TS, H₂O₂ dosage = 40 g/kg TS and pH = 3 within 1 h oxidation period for both CFP and FTP. Kinetics studies were performed under optimal conditions. It was determined that the sludge disintegration was happened in two stages by both processes: rapid and subsequent slow disintegration stages and rapid sludge disintegration stage can be described by a zero-order kinetic model. The effects of oxidative sludge disintegration under the optimum conditions on anaerobic digestion were experienced with biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay in batch anaerobic reactors. Total methane production in the CFP and FTP pre-treated reactors increased by 26.9% and 38.0%, relative to the untreated reactor (digested the raw WAS). Furthermore, the total chemical oxygen demand reductions in the pre-treated reactors were improved as well.     

Physical and chemical characteristics of waste activated sludge treated with electric field

This study investigates the physical and chemical characteristics of sludge treated with controlled levels of electric field. The results indicated that the potential gradient and contact time strongly influenced the physical and chemical characteristics of sludge. Based on the settling velocity measurements, a potential gradient of 6 V/cm with a treatment time of 10 min is recommended as an optimal condition for improving sludge settling. For sludge disintegration, applying a higher potential gradient and a longer treatment time to the sludge are more efficient than applying lower levels. The results of the experiments presented here show that an electric field not only disintegrates sludge and destroys microbial cells but also removes and solubilizes organic substances. Possible mechanisms of electric field treatment are also discussed.     

磷酸钙盐法回收剩余污泥超声波处理上清液中磷的研究

在污泥减量化处理中,细胞微生物中的碳氮磷等会释放到上清液中。为了对上清液中的磷进行有效回收,在前期研究的基础上,以生物厌氧好氧除磷(An/O)工艺的剩余污泥超声波处理上清液为研究对象,考察了磷酸钙盐(HAP)法的磷回收效果。结果表明:HAP法反应较快,5 min时反应基本完成;初始pH值在8.5～10.0时,回收率均可保持在较高水平;最佳钙磷比(Ca2+/PO34--P)为3.87。在以上最佳工艺条件下,总磷(TP)、正磷酸盐(PO34--P)的回收率分别达到88.4%、94.0%,同时对上清液中的有机物、氮也有一定的去除。     

活性污泥吸附预处理腈纶废水的机理研究

以活性污泥作为吸附材料,研究了其对腈纶废水COD的吸附特征。结果表明,活性污泥可吸附腈纶废水中的COD,吸附量可达135 mg/g。伪二级动力学方程能很好地描述活性污泥对腈纶废水中的COD的吸附过程,模型计算出的二级吸附速率常数(k2)为2.3×10-4g/(mg·min);Langmuir方程最适合描述该吸附过程,决定系数在0.96以上。从活性污泥吸附前后腈纶废水中的有机物相对分子质量分级结果可以看出,活性污泥对大分子(30 k Da)有机物有较好的去除,污泥的电镜照片也证明了该点。研究表明,活性污泥吸附可去除腈纶废水中的悬浮物和胶体物,是有效的腈纶废水预处理方法。     

Biohydrogen production using waste activated sludge as a substrate from fructose-processing wastewater treatment

Biohydrogen production by dark fermentation in a series of batch tests under different environmental control conditions was evaluated to determine the optimal initial cultivation pH and temperature for a continuous-flow kinetic test to validate the kinetic model system. The waste activated sludge (WAS) from fructose-processing manufacturing was used as the model substrate for biohydrogen production. The batch experiments for biohydrogen production were conducted in a 6 l bioreactor. Fifteen batch kinetic tests were investigated when pH was controlled at 6, 7, 8 and 9 as well as the temperature was controlled at 37 °C, 45 °C and 55 °C, respectively. The experimental results indicated that the optimal operational condition for hydrogen production occurred while pH was 7 and temperature was 55 °C with the highest hydrogen production of 7.8 mmol. The optimal recovery time for hydrogen was 25 h in the batch experiments. Furthermore, the kinetic test of biohydrogen production was performed by anaerobic mixed microbial culture in the continuous-flow experiment when pH and temperature was maintained at 7 and 55 °C. Approximately 60% and 7% of substrate solution was converted into acetate and hydrogen, respectively, at the steady state. Roughly only 0.77% and 2.7% of substrate solution was converted into propionate and butyrate, respectively, at a steady-state condition. The experimental and modeling approaches presented in this study could be employed for the design of pilot-scale and full-scale anaerobic biohydrogen fermentors using food-processing waste activated sludge (WAS) as a substrate solution.     

活性炭加微波还原分解SO2实验研究

介绍一种二氧化硫处理的新技术活性炭加微波还原分解二氧化硫.探讨了在微波场中活性炭的升温行为,得到了一定质量的活性炭随温度的升高脱硫率变化规律.实验表明,在470 ℃条件下,可以达到96%以上的脱硫效率.可以采用冷凝方法将单质硫回收.     

Investigation of biocatalytic potential of garbage enzyme and its influence on stabilization of industrial waste activated sludge

The decomposable waste thrown into the environment can be used to produce value added bio-product which in turn reduces the production of greenhouse gas. Garbage enzyme is one such value added product produced by fermentation of organic solid waste. In the present study enzyme activity and disinfectant potential of garbage enzyme was evaluated and its influence on reduction of total solids, suspended solids and pathogens in dairy waste activated sludge were studied. The result showed the garbage enzyme possesses protease, amylase and lipase activity and reduced 37.2% of total solids, 38.6% of suspended solids and 99% of pathogens in dairy waste activated sludge. This significant result may be helpful for researchers to compare the effectiveness of earth-friendly garbage enzyme treatment of industrial sludge with various physical and chemical pre-treatment methods to improve the biogas production from the sludge digestion unit.     

碱处理对厨余垃圾厌氧发酵产氢的强化研究

采用碱处理对厨余物进行产氢强化研究,考察了碱处理对厨余垃圾水解的促进作用、处理后厨余垃圾产氢情况、产氢过程中代谢产物的变化及代谢产物的主要来源等.结果表明,碱处理后厨余垃圾的水解效果得到提高,其中pH=13处理后的有机质总质量浓度和溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)为1 896.49 mg/L和5 040.2 mg/L,分别比空白提高了2.67倍和1.08倍;经pH=12和13处理后的厨余垃圾产氢量有较大幅度提高,达到79.17 mL/gVSS和105.37 mL/gVSS,分别比空白提高了1.75倍和2.66倍,而且产氢量随碱处理pH值的升高而增加;厨余垃圾发酵后的代谢产物浓度反映出本试验为丁酸型发酵;对产氢过程中有机质代谢情况的研究表明,可溶性碳水化合物是产氢过程中微生物优先利用的底物.     

活性污泥吸附铀的性能及机理研究

通过静态吸附试验考察了溶液pH值、温度、铀的初始质量浓度及活性污泥投加量等因素对活性污泥吸附处理含铀废水的影响,研究了其吸附过程的热力学、动力学及吸附平衡模式,探讨了活性污泥吸附铀的反应机理.结果表明,活性污泥吸附低浓度铀的最佳条件为: pH值3～4,活性污泥投加量8 g/L,温度10～60 ℃.活性污泥吸附铀的动力学过程可分为3个阶段: 初始阶段(t≤30 min)、过渡阶段(30 min相似文献   

不同污泥预处理方法对污泥过滤脱水性能的影响

研究了3种污泥预处理方法(表面活性剂处理、碱处理、Fenton处理)对污泥过滤脱水性能的影响。结果表明,对于3种预处理方法,使污泥过滤脱水性能最佳的阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的投加质量比为50 mg/g,NaOH质量比为150 mg/g,Fenton试剂Fe~(2+)与H_2O_2的投加比n(Fe~(2+))∶n(H_2O_2)为1.5。3种预处理方法对污泥均有一定破解作用,其中由于Fenton反应的强氧化性,污泥破解率最大,污泥粒径减小了近50%,释放的溶解性COD(SCOD)最高(786.88 mg/L)。Fenton处理后的污泥紧密结合型胞外聚合物(Tightly Bound-Extracellular Polymeric Substances,TB-EPS)及TB-EPS中蛋白质和多聚糖的量减少得最多。此外,还分析了3种预处理方法脱水效率与速率的差异。     

新型空化器及其在污泥细胞破解中的应用

研究开发了一种新型空化器用来破解剩余污泥,它具备通气调节和孔板旋转的功能。这样的设计可以防止堵塞和节约能耗。该空化器工作时可以产生直径2~5μm的"气核",从而提高空化初生的空化数,降低能耗。孔板旋转产生的轴向推力可使小孔中的堵塞物脱落,有效防止小孔堵塞。在实验室内应用该装置破解剩余污泥的生物细胞,并通过测定细胞内可溶性COD的溶出率来评价污泥破解效果。研究制造了空化作用破解污泥细胞系统,该系统可以利用新型空化器连续处理剩余污泥,并且可以根据研究需要改变通气比和调节管道流速等运行工况。在实验室内应用该系统破解剩余污泥生物细胞,通过调整通气比和管道流速,探索最优运行工况。根据正交试验结果,系统运行的最优工况为通气比1.4%、空化数1.8,此时可溶性COD(SCOD)的溶出速率为0.06%/s。在最优运行工况下,破解1 kg剩余污泥的功率为560 W,采用该系统处理30 min后,95%以上的污泥生物细胞可被破解。按处理时间30 min计算,处理1 m3剩余污泥的耗能约1 000 MJ,比超声空化法低40%左右。该系统还具有装置简单、无二次污染等优点,可为污泥细胞破解提供更为经济、有效的技术和方法。     

普通活性污泥系统数学模型的建立及应用

以简化的生物反应动力学模型和二沉池沉淀模型为基础,建立了普通活性污泥系统数学模型.其中的生物反应动力学模型主要描述了碳氧化和硝化过程,模型组分、反应过程和参数的数量都少于国际水质协会推出的活性污泥1号模型(ASM1);二沉池沉淀模型以固体通量理论为基础,结合了Takacs沉淀速率方程,通过测定模型组分、化学计量系数和动力学参数,为模型的应用提供了重要的前提和基础.最后利用活性污泥系统数学模型对城市污水处理厂的运行进行了动态模拟,模拟结果良好,验证了模型的实用性和有效性,并且也验证了模拟程序的准确性.     

活性污泥缓冲性能研究

探索一种新的参数,使之能够较为全面地反映活性污泥的性质,简化活性污泥评价系统.通过测定不同活性污泥的pH值和ORP(氧化还原电位)缓冲容量,研究污泥缓冲能力及与污泥性质的关系,探索它成为评价活性污泥系统参数的可行性.结果表明,活性污泥对酸、碱、氧化剂和还原剂有一定的缓冲能力,其缓冲容量与污泥性质有相关性,且缓冲容量高的污泥的沉降性、脱水性和絮凝性好,即活性污泥水处理和后期污泥处理容易进行,因此,可将污泥pH值和ORP缓冲性能作为评价污泥系统的参数.研究表明,污泥pH值和ORP符合能斯特方程的线性关系.     

曝气及搅拌强化超声预处理污泥试验研究

超声是一种具有很大研究价值的污泥预处理技术,但超声波能耗较大,限制了其大规模应用。曝气和搅拌作为辅助技术可以使超声技术在较低的能耗下达到较高的破解效率。以污泥破解后上清液中SCOD增加值为主要评价指标,探究在曝气及搅拌辅助下超声预处理污泥的最佳条件,进一步考察在最佳条件下曝气及搅拌对超声破解污泥效率的提高和能耗的降低作用。结果表明,曝气最有效的超声声能密度为0.9 W/mL,最佳曝气量为20 mL/min,最有效的曝气时间为10 min,在超声10 min的后5 min曝气、前5 min不曝气比在整个超声过程中曝气破解溶出的SCOD更高。在最有效的条件下对污泥进行超声加曝气处理后的SCOD为388.45 mg/L,而相同条件下仅超声溶出的SCOD为196.5 mg/L,溶出的SCOD增加了97.7%,污泥经超声加曝气处理后SCOD溶出率为3.85%,比达到近似SCOD的仅超声处理方式的能量消耗降低了25%。搅拌作为另一个辅助技术,转速为600 r/min时对提高超声破解污泥的SCOD最有效,超声加搅拌比相同条件下仅超声破解污泥溶出的SCOD增加了83.8%,超声加搅拌破解污泥的SCOD溶出率为1.98%。在超声加曝气和搅拌的条件下,污泥SCOD溶出率为4.38%,污泥破解产生的SCOD比相同条件下仅超声破解的污泥SCOD增加了120.8%,比达到近似SCOD的仅超声处理方式的能量消耗降低了12.5%。     

氧化预处理对污泥蛋白质提取及脱水性的影响

为了提高污泥蛋白质的提取效率并提高其脱水性,分别采用过硫酸氢钾、过氧化钙及被Fe2+活化后的过硫酸氢钾和过氧化钙预处理污泥,以考察其对污泥脱水性及蛋白质提取效率的影响并选出一种最佳的氧化预处理方式.结果表明,过硫酸氢钾和过氧化钙单独调理时,污泥脱水性有明显提高且蛋白质提取量较高.经Fe2+活化后,虽然污泥比阻(FSR)比单独调理时降低50％以上,但因反应生成具有絮凝效果的Fe3+导致蛋白质提取量大幅降低.结合蛋白提取效率,发现采用0.1 g/gTSS(干物质质量)的过氧化钙单独调理效果最好,此时污泥比阻(FSR)与毛细吸水时间(tCST)分别为0.37×1013m/kg、22.4 s,相比原污泥比阻与毛细吸水时间分别降低78.4％和76.6％,同时蛋白质提取量高达104.52 mg/g TSS,与原污泥相比增加了 80.4％.     

活性污泥固定化、改性及对生活污水的处理

通过正交设计,以COD去除率为考核指标对固定化载体聚乙烯醇(PVA)、海藻酸钠(SA)与活性污泥的配比进行参数优化;使用硫酸钠、硝酸钠、磷酸钠为交联剂对固定化颗粒进行二次交联改性,研究其污水处理效果,探究在不同温度和pH值条件下固定化活性污泥对生活污水的处理效果及其稳定性。结果表明,固定化活性污泥对生活污水中的COD、NH4+-N、TP处理效果优于普通活性污泥,且固定化活性污泥颗粒运行稳定,20 d仍有较好的污水处理效果;正交试验结果显示,固定化活性污泥的适宜固定化载体浓度及污泥配比为质量分数8%聚乙烯醇(PVA)、2%海藻酸钠(SA)、质量分数50%活性污泥(普通活性污泥与包埋剂质量比1∶1)。经过二次交联的固定化活性污泥提高了污水处理效果,硫酸钠作为二次交联剂效果最好,污水中COD、NH4+-N和TP的去除率达93.5%、92.3%、78.0%;经固定化后活性污泥对温度和pH值的适应范围变宽,在温度低于4℃高于40℃、pH≤5和pH≥9仍然有较好的处理效果,去除效果均比普通活性污泥提高10%以上。     

微波高温热解污水污泥各态产物特性分析

将SiC及污泥本身的热解固体残留物分别添加到污泥中,实现污泥在微波场中的快速升温及高温热解,并对其液、气、固3态产物的特性及再利用价值加以分析.实验表明: 添加SiC及固体残留物的污泥微波高温热解液态产物的热值可以达到37 MJ/kg以上,多环芳烃(PAHs)含量低于5.37%; 气态产物中H2和CO的体积分数在54%以上,热值达到9 420 kJ/m3; 添加热解固体残留物的污泥微波热解固态产物的比表面积达到305 m2/g.污泥微波热解产物的特性为其用作燃料和吸附剂提供了可能.     

Experimental characterisation of activated sludge behaviour during mechanical expression

Even after mechanical dewatering, activated sludge contains a large amount of water. Due to its biological nature, composition and also the type of treatment it comes from, this material is usually highly compressible and known to be difficult to dewater. In the present work various tests are proposed to try to highlight some aspects which could explain the poor dewaterability of activated sludge. Experiments of expression were carried out in a Filtration-Compression Cell for semi-solid samples of sludge. Operating conditions (intensity of the applied pressure, initial thickness of sludge sample) and the composition of the sludge (ionic strength by adding monovalent salt) were modified for the different series of experiments. It was observed that the removal of water from the sludge depended significantly on the pressure gradient throughout the sludge cake. However, the development of a dense layer of cake at the interface cake/filter medium seems to generate a pressure gradient non-uniformly distributed throughout the thickness of the cake. This phenomenon should control in part the efficiency of dewatering. This study also discusses the link between sludge dewaterability and cake relaxation on the basic of an osmotic effect within the flocculated matrix, which tends to resist against compression or deformation. This effect was reduced when both the applied pressure and the time increased. Finally, the activated sludge dewatering during expression stage depends on both the formation of a dense layer of cake at the interface cake/filter medium and an osmotic effect.