非常规快速电沉积制备纳米材料的方法和原理

非常规电沉积利用镀液的流动,能极大地提高电沉积速度,因而利用非常规电沉积技术制备纳米晶材料具有较好的发展和应用前景.介绍了电刷镀、流镀、喷射电沉积、摩擦喷射电沉积等几种常见的非常规电沉积的方法和原理,指出了各种方法的优缺点,展望了非常规快速电沉积技术的应用前景.     

喷射沉积稀土镁合金材料工艺研究

研究了喷射沉积工艺对Mg-Al-Zn-Nd稀土镁合金性能的影响。分析了喷射沉积镁合金的组织结构和力学性能。结果表明喷射沉积工艺可显著改善镁合金的组织结构与力学性能。     

耐热粉末铝合金筒体热旋成形试验

介绍了喷射沉积耐热铝合金管坯经挤压变形 ,变薄旋压筒体的研制过程 ;重点论述了热旋成形筒体的工艺路线。试验探讨了耐热铝合金的旋压温度为 35 0～ 45 0℃ ,道次变薄率约为2 0 % ,累计变薄率约 5 0 % ,需中间退火 ,退火温度宜取 35 0℃。热旋结果认为 ,喷射沉积耐热粉末铝合金铸坯直接热旋成形困难 ,需经挤压比大于 4的变形致密 ,有助于热旋成形。耐热粉末铝合金挤压坯加热变薄旋压 ,应采用小压下量多道次的变形过程 ,逐渐细化晶粒组织 ,才能旋出综合性能良好的筒形件。     

高强铝合金超塑挤压成形

主要介绍了工业牌号高强铝合金在供应态或经简单预处理后在通用油压机上超塑成形的实例,并分析探讨了非理想组织材料超塑成形中微观组织的变化。     

热轧AZ31B镁合金板材超塑成形性能研究

研究了工业态热轧AZ31B镁合金板材的基本成形性能,其室温塑性较差且存在各向异性,而在应变温度为400～490℃,应变速率为1×10-4～1×10-3s-1的实验条件下均表现出良好的超塑性,其最大断裂延伸率达到216%,应变速率敏感指数达0.36。因此,对不具有典型等轴细晶的工业态热轧AZ31B镁合金板材,无需经过复杂的预先热处理,同样可以得到良好的超塑性,更具有经济实用价值。     

花键轴冷挤压成形工艺及模具设计

花键轴是机械中广泛使用的重要零件之一。制造工艺复杂,外观质量、尺寸精度、综合机械性能等要求高。采用冷挤压成形,可使成本降低、提高质量、使用可靠。此文对花键轴成形工艺,模具设计作了详细探讨。     

服役态Super304H耐热钢管显微组织演变及高温力学性能研究

目的 探究服役Super304H钢管外壁粗晶组织演变及其对高温力学性能的影响,为超超临界机组运行管理与安全评估提供技术支持。方法 针对不同服役时间的Super304H耐热钢管,开展显微组织演变及650 ℃高温拉伸力学性能研究,着重探讨钢管外壁奥氏体晶粒异常长大、第二相析出长大及其对钢管高温力学性能的影响规律。结果 服役态Super304H钢管中的第二相以富铜相、MX相及M23C6相为主,其外壁奥氏体晶粒异常长大,形成粗晶区,而靠近内壁钢管中的奥氏体晶粒长大不明显,为细晶区。相对于细晶区,粗晶区奥氏体晶界及晶内析出更多的第二相,尺寸更大,弥散度降低,导致粗晶区高温拉伸性能显著降低。结论 长期高温运行的Super304H耐热钢管应加强监督,消除因外壁奥氏体晶粒异常长大而带来的胀管等安全隐患。     

喷射成形制造工艺

喷射成形是一种先进的材料制备技术,该技术具有近终形制造的特点,近年来已广泛应用于研究和开发多种高性能快速凝固材料.文中介绍了喷射成形工艺过程、特点,并回顾了喷射成形工艺的发展历程及现在所达到的技术水平.     

非枝晶半固态金属成形技术的发展概况

此文叙述了非枝晶半固态金属成形技术的发展概况。主要介绍了压铸成形、模锻成形、连续流变铸造成形、注射成形以及半固态金属锭料制造等技术的特点和应用现状。     

喷射床电沉积法处理含锌废水性能及动力学研究

采用自主设计的喷射床电沉积装置处理模拟采矿含锌废水。通过改变喷射床电沉积处理过程的pH值、电流强度、含锌废水浓度以及鼓入氮气等实验参数,研究不同处理条件下喷射床电沉积反应器对含锌废水的处理效果。结果表明：废水Zn²⁺浓度为1000 mg/L时,采用粒径为1.8 mm铜微粒电极,反应过程pH值为4.5,恒电流强度为15 A,向废水中鼓入600 L/h氮气的条件下处理效果最好,电沉积反应180 min后,Zn²⁺去除率达到49.44%,平均电流效率为41.63%。并以实验结论为基础,通过动力学模拟分析,建立了单金属离子电沉积过程的动力学模型,验证了实验结果的可靠性和准确性。     

Characterisation of aggregate notch cavity formation properties on abrasive waterjet cut surfaces

Aggregate induced notch cavity formations were observed to have formed on the surface of abrasive waterjet cut edges. The secondary micro-machining effect of the abrasive waterjet has been observed to plastically deform grains in proximity to the cut-edge. This interaction governs the operative mechanism of material removal and resulted in the formation of notch cavities on the cut surface. Controlling the traverse cutting speed was found to be critical towards influencing kerf perpendicularity which influences the characteristics and quantity of notch cavity features and the deposition of nanometer sized particles of aggregate. It is shown that the surface waviness properties are reduced as the traverse speed is increased and there is an association between the surface properties and the plastic deformation of the microstructure.     

雾化合金液滴的凝固动力学分析与计算

雾化凝固过程对雾化制粉和喷射沉积材料的组织有重要影响。雾化凝固过程主要由液态冷却、再辉、偏析凝固、共晶凝固与固态凝固阶段组成。分析了雾化过程中的液滴的速度与粒度分布及凝固各阶段液滴凝固潜热的释放与环境导热之间的热平衡。     

Ti-15-3热镦粗变形的数值模拟及实验研究

Ti-15-3合金的热镦粗过程进行了数值模拟和实验研究，分析了变形程度对Ti-15-3合金组织的影响。结果表明，Ti-15-3合金件热变形后，组织很不均匀，为了保证零件的性能，得到晶粒细化的均匀组织，热变形过程中的变形程度需要足够大。     

A prototype printer for laser driven micro-transfer printing

This paper demonstrates a new mode of automated micro transfer printing called laser micro transfer printing (LμTP). As a process, micro-transfer printing provides a unique and critical manufacturing route to extracting active microstructures from growth substrates and deterministically assembling them into a variety of functional substrates ranging from polymers to glasses and ceramics and to metallic foils to support applications such as flexible, large-area electronics, concentrating photovoltaics and displays. Laser transfer printing extends micro-transfer printing technology by providing a non-contact approach that is insensitive to the preparation and properties of the receiving substrate. It does so by exploiting the difference in the thermo-mechanical responses of the microstructure and transfer printing stamp materials to drive the release of the microstructure or ‘ink’ from the stamp and its transfer to substrate. This paper describes the process and the physical phenomena that drive it. It focuses on the use of this knowledge to design and test a print head for the process. The print head is used to demonstrate the new printing capabilities that LμTP enables.     

Using micro deep drawing with ironing stages to form stainless steel 304 micro cups

The needs of stainless steel 304 micro cups have been increasing tremendously due to the trend of miniaturization in medical and electronic devices, etc. For application purpose, it is highly desired to have stainless steel micro cups with high CH/OD (cup height/outer diameter) ratios. Due to the constraints of the limit draw ratio (LDR) of stainless steel 304 sheets in micro deep drawing, forming a micro cup with high CH/OD ratio at room temperature cannot be achieved by using a single stage deep drawing die. A process consisting of one micro deep drawing and two ironing stages was proposed for achieving this goal; three micro dies were designed, fabricated and used for experimental validation. A series of experiments were conducted by using the stainless steel 304 sheets of 200 μm thickness annealed at four different temperatures to understand the influence of size effects on this process for generating knowledge, know-how and technologies to form high quality stainless steel micro cups with large CH/OD ratio. No lubricant was used in this study. It was proven that the proposed process is a robust process as long as the sheets are annealed at the temperature no less than 900 °C for more than 3 min.     

Al/BN封严涂层在盐雾环境中的腐蚀性能及表面特征研究

目的 研究Al/BN封严涂层在海洋环境下的腐蚀历程。方法 使用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电化学等测试方法,对Al/BN封严涂层在盐雾环境中的腐蚀行为、形貌、显微结构、相组成及耐腐蚀等性能进行研究,分析Al/BN封严涂层在盐雾试验中的电化学腐蚀过程。结果 在96 h盐雾试验中,Al/BN封严涂层的腐蚀过程分为2个阶段,分别为孔蚀形成期和孔蚀发展期。在前72 h的盐雾腐蚀时间里,Al/BN封严涂层的腐蚀产物对于孔洞的堵塞越来越严重,自腐蚀电流密度也处于下降状态,表明Al/BN封严涂层的腐蚀产物有效地阻止了腐蚀速度的加剧。在第2阶段,阻抗值有所下降,是因为腐蚀产物龟裂或孔洞内局部酸化造成。结论 Al/BN涂层的腐蚀产物对Al/BN封严涂层的自腐蚀速率有比较大的影响。     

Bending of Titanium Sheet Using Laser Forming

Laser forming, a novel manufacturing method for bending sheet metal first reported in 1985, has been investigated as an alternative to hot brake forming (industry standard) of titanium sheet parts for the aircraft industry. Laser forming involves scanning a focused or partially defocused laser beam over the surface of a titanium workpiece to cause localized heating along the bend line and angular deflection toward the beam. The main advantage that laser forming has over conventional brake forming is increased process flexibility. An experimental investigation of this process (primarily designed experiments) met the following objectives: identified the response variables related to change in geometry (bend angle) and material microstructure; characterized the influence of process variables (scanning speed, beam diameter, laser power) on these response variables; determined the degree of controllability over the process variables; and evaluated the suitability of laser forming for the aircraft industry (most important), all with respect to titanium sheet. It has been determined that laser forming with an Nd:YAG laser is a controllable, flexible manufacturing process for titanium sheet bending. Unfortunately, these advantages over traditional hot brake forming are overshadowed by the fact that, with regard to forming with titanium, laser forming is significantly slower and more labor and energy intensive, and results in unacceptable material properties at the bend line according to aircraft industry standards. These findings cast doubt over the assertions of some researchers that laser forming may be a viable manufacturing process for parts made in small batches. Instead, it appears that it may be best suited for rapid prototyping of sheet metal parts.     

金属塑性成形计算机模拟的若干进展

结合作者正在开展的研究工作，综述了金属生性成形计算机模拟技术近年来的一些重要进展，主要涉及模拟计算方法，利用模拟技术的工艺优化设计、材料组织性能演化的模拟以及模拟软件设计方法等。     

大气等离子和超音速火焰喷涂CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层组织和性能对比

目的 针对航空发动机叶片榫头/榫槽摩擦副工作中的微动磨损问题,开展CoCrAlYSi-hBN抗微动磨损涂层研究.方法 通过大气等离子(APS)和超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂工艺,制备CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层,采用扫描电镜(SEM)研究涂层的形貌和微观组织,采用显微硬度计和拉伸试验机测试涂层的显微硬度和结合强度,采用SRV试验机探究涂层的摩擦磨损性能.结果 APS喷涂CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层熔化更充分,显微组织均匀,具有更多高含量的hBN和孔隙;HVOF喷涂CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层显微组织具有明显的层状结构,涂层致密,hBN和孔隙含量少;APS喷涂CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层的硬度平均值为168.4HV0.3,结合强度平均值为44.6 MPa,远小于HVOF喷涂CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层的硬度(327.1HV0.3)和结合强度平均值(59.5 MPa).相比HVOF喷涂CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层,APS喷涂CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层虽然有更低的摩擦系数(0.75),但涂层磨损更严重,涂层磨痕表面有明显的涂层剥落,HVOF喷涂CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层磨痕则出现更多的犁沟.结论 HVOF喷涂工艺制备的CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层的综合性能优于APS喷涂CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层,在摩擦过程中,两种工艺制备的CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层都会转移到对偶件上,从而减少对偶件的磨损,有作为叶片榫头抗微动磨损涂层的潜力.     

Na2CO3喷雾液滴吸收SO2气液两相反应的原位测量

发展湿法烟气脱硫气液两相反应进程的原位在线测量技术有助于研究脱硫反应的传质过程,提高脱硫效率.本文选取双碱法中的Na₂CO₃喷雾液滴吸收SO₂气液两相反应作为测量对象,利用自行研发的紧凑型彩虹折射仪搭建了全场彩虹测量系统,测量了喷雾液滴的折射率,通过反应过程中雾滴折射率的变化表征Na₂CO₃喷雾液滴吸收SO₂气液两相反应的进程.结果表明,随着Na₂CO₃喷雾液滴吸收SO₂气液两相反应的进行,喷雾液滴中的溶质Na₂CO₃逐渐转变成Na₂SO₃,液滴的折射率逐渐增大.依据Na₂CO₃的转化比例随液滴折射率的线性变化,推算出测量段内Na₂CO₃消耗量约为62.1%,进而计算出Na₂CO₃喷雾液滴吸收SO₂气液两相反应速率为8.8×10^-6kmol/（m²·s）.