碳源类型对反硝化除磷系统的影响

选择乙酸钠、丙酸钠和葡萄糖三类典型碳源,分别考察其对反硝化除磷系统的影响。碳源的短期改变实验表明,反硝化聚磷菌对乙酸钠和丙酸钠的利用没有选择性,两者效率相近;葡萄糖作为碳源造成系统除磷能力的大幅度下降。对不同碳源系统的长期实验结果表明,以丙酸钠为碳源的除磷系统的长期运行效果与以乙酸钠为碳源的系统相近,以葡萄糖为碳源造成...     

生物絮凝-AAAO中试系统污染物去除特性及反硝化除磷菌的培养

为降低污水处理成本并实现出水稳定达标,采用中试规模生物絮凝-AAAO工艺处理城镇生活污水,并模拟生物絮凝污泥厌氧消化所产生的碳源,用于强化反硝化除磷菌(DPAO)驯化效果。实验结果表明：生物絮凝系统抗冲击负荷能力较强,化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)平均去除率可达67.23%、27%与68.93%。将模拟厌氧消化后产生的碳源投加至厌氧池促进DPAO的驯化后,AAAO系统对COD、TN和TP去除率分别提升31.53%、37.67%和26.37%,反硝化吸磷率最高可达62.97%,二沉池出水COD、TN均满足一级A出水标准,TP可低于0.30 mg·L⁻¹。生物絮凝-AAAO工艺脱氮除磷效果较好,可为污水处理厂节能降耗运行奠定基础并有望得到广泛应用。     

Performance of a submerged membrane bioreactor system for biological nutrient removal.

A pilot submerged membrane bioreactor coupled with biological nutrient removal was used to treat the primary effluent at a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Long-term experiments were conducted by varying hydraulic retention time from 6 to 8 hours and solids retention time from 20 to 50 days, respectively. The performance was assessed by monitoring key wastewater parameters, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen, and phosphorus concentration in individual anoxic, anaerobic, aerobic, and membrane separation zones. Results showed that the tested system can consistently achieve COD, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal efficiencies at 80 to 98%, 70 to 93%, and 89 to 98%, respectively. Effluent COD remained low as a result of efficient solid retention, even though there was great variation in influent quality. However, total nitrogen increased proportionally with influent concentration. At a 50-day solids retention time, higher COD and nitrogen oxides specific utilization rates in the anoxic zone resulted in a high production of nitrogen oxides in the subsequent aerobic zone.     

溶解氧对底泥扰动状态下水体中磷去除和固定的影响

以太湖梅梁湾底泥和上覆水为研究对象,通过实验室实验研究了底泥扰动状态下溶解氧水平（2～4mg／L、5～6mg／L、7～8mg／L）对上覆水中磷去除和固定的影响。结果表明,底泥扰动和溶解氧水平对上覆水中磷迁移有明显影响。扰动时间延长,溶解性磷酸盐（DIP）和溶解性总磷（DTP）均呈降低的趋势;但溶解氧水平提高,上覆水中DIP和DTP浓度有所增加。底泥扰动和溶解氧水平改变了悬浮物上不同形态磷的数量分布。随着溶解氧水平提高,NH4Cl-P（1～5d平均值）和Fe／Al—P（1～5d平均值）含量及其占总磷（Tot—P）的百分比均呈逐渐降低的趋势。另外,闭蓄态铁铝结合态磷（Fe／Al—P）占Fe／Al—P的比值从51．2％（2～4mg／L）增加至54．1％（7～8mg／L）。     

生物脱氮除磷工艺的研究进展

为遏制水体富营养化的恶化，氮，磷的排放标准日趋严格，生脱氮除磷工艺能有效地去除水体中的氮、磷。通过对现有的生物脱氮除磷传统工艺和新近发展工艺的介绍和分析，指出经济、高效、低能耗是其发展的方向，同时认为今后应加强对生物脱氮除磷机理更深入的研究，大力开发技术成熟，高效经济又符合我国国情的新工艺。     

Effects of low dissolved oxygen on organisms used in freshwater sediment toxicity tests

Minimum dissolved oxygen requirements are part of standard guidelines for toxicity testing of freshwater sediments with several benthic invertebrates, but the data underlying these requirements are somewhat sparse. We exposed three common test organisms to ranges of dissolved oxygen concentrations to determine their responses in 10-d exposures, relative to published guidelines for sediment toxicity tests. The oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus, showed 100% survival in all exposures down to the lowest concentration tested, 0.7 mg O(2)l(-1). Midge (Chironomus dilutus) larva showed a more pronounced response; while survival was less than 90% only below 1.0mg O(2)l(-1), the biomass endpoint showed EC(50), EC(20), and EC(10) values of 1.00 (0.91-1.10), 1.41 (1.16-1.71), and 1.67 (1.25-2.24) mg O(2)l(-1). The amphipod, Hyalella azteca, showed no adverse effects at concentrations as low as 2.12 mg O(2)l(-1). The combination of these data with other literature data suggest that DO minima in current North American 10-d sediment test guidelines are reasonable.     

溶解氧对氧化沟同步硝化反硝化脱氮比率的影响

微孔曝气变速氧化沟是一种新型的氧化沟。本研究通过批式实验,测定同步硝化反硝化(SND)溶解氧抑制系数KO,依此计算不同DO浓度下的SND比率,并与实际运行状况进行对比。结果表明:活性污泥的KO为0.7801 mg/L;当DO浓度分别为1.2、1.0和0.8 mg/L时,理论的SND比率分别为45.11%、47.57%和50.88%,而相同条件下氧化沟中实际SND比率分别为47.38%、52.75%和60.31%;同步硝化反硝化在微孔变速氧化沟中是一种重要的脱氮路径。     

溶解氧对EBPR主流除磷及侧流磷回收性能的影响

采用交替厌氧/好氧(An/O)模式下运行的SBR,考察不同溶解氧(DO)浓度(1.0、0.5、0.1 mg·L−1)对同步侧流磷回收的强化生物除磷(enhanced biological phosphorus removal,EBPR)主流系统除磷及侧流磷回收性能的影响。结果表明,整个实验阶段主流系统对COD、${{\rm{NH}}_4^ + }$-N及TN的去除均能稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物综合排放标准》一级A标准,其中TN因出水${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $-N浓度的降低而降低,故TN去除率升高。DO为1.0 mg·L−1和0.5 mg·L−1时对磷的去除率分别为99.0%和95.4%,主流系统出水磷达标率分别为96.0%和84.0%。而当DO浓度过低(0.1 mg·L−1)时,硝化与吸磷对有限电子受体的竞争及吸磷时间不足导致反应结束时系统内平均磷残留量达1.02 mg·L-1,除磷率降至87.2%。鉴于侧流磷回收是对主流系统的磷剥夺,会影响污泥的好氧吸磷能力,继而厌氧阶段释磷量因侧流提取降低。与此同时,DO为1.0 mg·L−1时,侧流磷回收率较其余2个工况高,且此工况下主流系统的厌氧释磷及好氧吸磷能力均最高,考虑到主流工艺的可靠运行及出水稳定性,认为DO=1.0 mg·L−1为最优工况。     

鱼类循环水养殖系统DO变动及污染物去除

为优化工厂化循环水石斑鱼养殖系统的运行管理,利用DO在线监测系统,跟踪监测了石斑鱼两次喂料期间（48 h内）养殖池DO的波动情况,考察了DO随养殖池内NH4+-N、NO2--N、溶解性COD的变化规律,并研究了该养殖条件下生物滤池对污染物的去除性能。结果表明：在该养殖条件下,NH4+-N、NO2--N和COD分别在28、36和44 h恢复至喂料前的水平,48 h内养殖池NH4+-N、NO2--N和COD维持在0.32、1.27和2.40 mg·L-1以下;养殖池DO波动明显,随着污染物浓度的增加而降低,喂料2 h后DO低于安全浓度6 mg·L-1,养殖石斑鱼容易缺氧死亡;在该养殖系统中,弹性填料滤池对COD的去除能力较强,单个循环时间内最大去除率为61.84%;珊瑚砂滤池对NH4+-N、NO2--N去除能力较强,单个循环时间内最大去除率分别为38.17%、56.43%。可知,系统水处理效果良好,基本满足循环水养殖石斑鱼的相关水质要求;运用DO在线监控系统,跟踪监测DO变化情况,结合DO随污染物浓度变化的相关规律,可及时察觉养殖池水质变化,以便采取有效调控措施。     

亚硝酸盐对反硝化聚磷菌除磷性能的影响

为考察亚硝酸盐对反硝化聚磷菌（DPB）的影响,试验以模拟污水为研究对象,采用2个相同的SBR反应器,分别进行亚硝酸盐浓度对DPB的抑制影响和亚硝酸盐对DPB驯化过程的研究。结果表明,当亚硝酸盐浓度高于20 mg/L时,未经亚硝酸盐驯化的DPB反硝化除磷性能受到明显抑制,而经过亚硝酸盐驯化后的DPB在亚硝酸盐浓度为32 mg/L左右时,依然保持良好的反硝化吸磷性能,但以亚硝酸盐为电子受体的反硝化吸磷速率要比硝酸盐为电子受体的低21%。由此说明,亚硝酸盐对DPB反硝化除磷的抑制作用是相对的,可通过亚硝酸盐对DPB的诱导驯化来降低此抑制作用,但硝酸盐比亚硝酸盐更适合作为DPB反硝化除磷的电子受体。     

侧流磷回收强化主流脱氮除磷微观现象评价

在低碳源污水脱氮除磷时外加碳源虽然明显有效,但这会增加运行费用,且增加间接碳排放量.为此,考虑侧流磷回收强化主流脱氮除磷工艺,以解决低碳源进水对脱氮除磷的限制.基于变型UCT工艺,建立侧流磷回收单元,仅以调节pH方式实现磷沉淀.结果 表明,实验确定的最佳侧流比为15％,调节侧流上清液pH至9.5～10.5即可实现较高的...     

投加介体对污水低温生物反硝化除磷的影响及磷形态变化

污水生物反硝化除磷可以克服传统生物脱氮除磷工艺碳源不足的缺点,利用硝酸盐代替氧气作为电子受体,同时进行脱氮除磷和有机物去除,实现“一碳两用”,但是低温会降低反硝化除磷效率。在低温(10±1) ℃条件下,利用序批式反应器(SBR)(90 min厌氧,330 min缺氧,1^#(空白对照)和2^#(投加介体)),投加氧化还原介体1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸盐(NQS),研究了反硝化除磷效率的变化。结果表明：相较于空白对照实验,投加介体NQS强化了污水低温生物反硝化除磷效果,总氮去除率从37.67%提高至51.47%,提高了1.37倍;总磷去除率从53.45%提高至96.50%,提高了1.81倍。此外,研究还发现介体NQS的投加促进了水中磷酸盐形成有机磷(Org-P)的过程,污泥中磷的主要形态是可溶性磷(SRP)和Org-P,最大含量分别为35.78 mg∙L⁻¹和51.09 mg∙L⁻¹;空白对照反应器污泥中磷的主要形态是SRP和Fe-P,最大含量分别为45.61 mg∙L⁻¹和40.67 mg∙L⁻¹。以上研究结果可为低温条件下提高污水生物反硝化除磷效果提供参考。     

Design of control strategies for nutrient removal in a biological wastewater treatment process

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are highly non-linear operations concerned with huge disturbances in flow rate and concentration of pollutants with uncertainties in the composition of influent wastewater. In this work, the activated sludge process model with seven reactor configuration in the ASM3bioP framework is used to achieve simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. A total of 8 control approaches are designed and implemented in the advanced simulation framework for assessment of the performance. The performance of the WWTP (effluent quality index and global plant performance) and the operational costs are also evaluated to compare the control approaches. Additionally, this paper reports a comparison among proportional integral (PI) control, fuzzy logic control, and model-based predictive control (MPC) configurations framework. The simulation outcomes indicated that all three control approaches were able to enhance the performance of WWTP when compared with open loop operation.

     

Full-scale use of glycogen-accumulating organisms for excess biological carbon removal

The purpose of this study has been to verify the efficient full-scale applicability of glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) for excess biological carbon removal, that is, for removing more carbon substrate than the amount of available nutrients would allow in the conventional activated sludge process of microbial growth. This aims to cost-effectively overcome the problem of viscous bulking occurring in a fully aerated system, with nutrient deficiency. Analytical data measured at the wastewater treatment plant of the Balatonboglár (BB) winery in Balatonboglár, Hungary, containing consecutive unaerated and aerated activated sludge basins, reflected a high performance with efficient carbon removal and good sludge settling, without dosing any external nutrient source to the severely nitrogen- and phosphorous-deficient influent. Supplementary laboratory-scale batch experiments and microbiological tests verified the abundance of GAOs in the activated sludge system and elucidated their role in efficient excess biological carbon removal.     

不同碳源和泥龄对反硝化聚磷的影响

在4个SBR装置(1#~4#)中,对4种不同比例的丙酸/乙酸合成废水采用厌氧/缺氧方式驯化富集反硝化聚磷菌(DPB),研究了碳源浓度和污泥龄对除磷的影响。实验结果表明:(1)厌氧段碳源COD浓度越高,释磷越充分,溶解性正磷酸盐(SOP)去除率越高;但当碳源COD浓度超过某个浓度值时,未反应完全的有机物残留于后续缺氧段对缺氧吸磷产生抑制作用。(2)污泥龄SRT=15 d时,活性污泥的性能较好,达到了较好的除磷效果。(3)在相同碳源浓度和相同的污泥龄下,随着丙酸/乙酸比例的提高,SOP的去除率逐渐的降低。说明在厌氧/缺氧环境下,碳源中丙酸比例的提高不利于系统中磷的去除。高乙酸含量的碳源更适合反硝化除磷系统。     

为置缺氧区的改良型Pasveer氧化沟工艺脱氮除磷性能研究

针对传统Pasveer氧化沟内缺氧段碳源难以被反硝化菌充分利用的问题,采用内置缺氧区的改良型Pasveer氧化沟工艺,并进行中试规模实验研究,考察了不同内回流比条件下系统的脱氮除磷效果。研究结果表明,在内回流比为200％的情况下,系统的脱氮除磷效果最好,出水TN和TP的浓度分别降至12．7mg／L和0．34mg／L,去除率分别达到61．9％和89．2％。内置缺氧区的设置一方面能使有限的碳源充分用于反硝化,另一方面,促使了反硝化吸磷现象的发生,这使得系统在进水碳源较低的情况下仍能够获得上佳的脱氮除磷效果。但是,过高的内回流比会导致好氧区亚硝酸盐的积累,这对生物除磷是不利的。     

内置缺氧区的改良型Pasveer氧化沟工艺脱氮除磷性能研究

针对传统Pasveer氧化沟内缺氧段碳源难以被反硝化菌充分利用的问题,采用内置缺氧区的改良型Pasveer氧化沟工艺,并进行中试规模实验研究,考察了不同内回流比条件下系统的脱氮除磷效果。研究结果表明,在内回流比为200%的情况下,系统的脱氮除磷效果最好,出水TN和TP的浓度分别降至12.7 mg/L和0.34 mg/L,去除率分别达到61.9%和89.2%。内置缺氧区的设置一方面能使有限的碳源充分用于反硝化,另一方面,促使了反硝化吸磷现象的发生,这使得系统在进水碳源较低的情况下仍能够获得上佳的脱氮除磷效果。但是,过高的内回流比会导致好氧区亚硝酸盐的积累,这对生物除磷是不利的。     

生物脱氮除磷新工艺的研究进展

传统的脱氮除磷工艺存在许多不足之处 ,经济、高效、低耗的可持续脱氮除磷工艺已成为污水处理的发展方向。在分析中 ,介绍了运用短程硝化反硝化、厌氧氨氧化、反硝化除磷理论的工艺 :SHARON工艺、CANON工艺、ANAMMOX工艺、SHARON与ANAMMOX联合工艺、DEPHANOX工艺、BCFS○R工艺的机理和研究进展     

双循环两相生物处理工艺工程应用的探讨

探讨了新型生物脱氮除磷工艺--双循环两相(BICT)生物处理工艺的生产规模应用问题.通过在序批式活性污泥法基础上增设独立的生物膜反应器,实现微生物的分相培养,BICT工艺为提高系统的脱氮除磷能力,增强运行稳定性和可靠性创造了条件.技术经济比较分析说明,BICT工艺技术先进、运行稳定,投资及运行费用具有竞争力,在污水处理要求愈加严格的情况下,具有推广价值和应用前景.