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1.
G. Andreou S. D. Alexiou G. Loupa S. Rapsomanikis 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2008,8(1):99-106
The organic chemical composition of the fine fraction of atmospheric particulate matter in Athens has been studied, in order
to establish emission sources. The results of the analyses of the aliphatic fraction indicate that all samples contain n-alkanes ranging from C14 to C32, with C25, C26, C27 and C29 being the more abundant congeners. Fossil fuels biomarkers such as extended tricyclic terpanes (hopanes, steranes) and isoprenoid
hydrocarbons (pristane, phytane) were observed in our samples on a daily basis. Source reconciliation was conducted using
molecular diagnostic ratios (such as the carbon preference index – CPI). The mean CPI value (1.84) indicates the mixed origin
of the Athenian fine particles. The notable presence of an unresolved complex mixture or “hump” of hydrocarbons in our gas
chromatograms is indicative of petrogenic hydrocarbon inputs. An approximate measure of this kind of contamination is the
ratio of the concentrations of unresolved components to the resolved n-alkanes and other major compounds (U:R). The high U:R value of 25.25 further confirmed the major contribution of fossil fuels.
Yet, the percent contribution of leaf wax n-alkanes (25.15%) indicated the parallel contribution of biogenic sources. This work supports the conclusion that vehicular
emissions were the major source of aliphatic organic compounds with a smaller contribution of biogenic n-alkanes during the study period in Athens. 相似文献
2.
The Effect of Interaction Between White-rot Fungi and Indigenous Microorganisms on Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
White-rot fungi applied for soil bioremediation have to compete with indigenous soil microorganisms. The effect of competition on both indigenous soil microflora and white-rot fungi was evaluated with regard to degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) with different persistence in soil. Sterile and non-sterile soil was artificially contaminated with 14C-labeled PAH consisting of three (anthracene), four (pyrene, benz[a]anthracene) and five fused aromatic rings (benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene). The two fungi tested,Dichomitus squalens and Pleurotus ostreatus, produced similar amounts of ligninolytic enzymes in soil, but PAH mineralization by P. ostreatus was significantly higher. Compared to the indigenous soil microflora, P.ostreatus mineralized 5-ring PAH to a larger extent, while the indigenous microflora was superior in mineralizing 3-ring and 4-ring PAH. In coculture the special capabilities of both soil microflora and P. ostreatus were partly restricted due to antagonistic interactions, but essentially preserved. Thus, soil inoculation with P. ostreatus significantly increased the mineralization of high-molecular-weight PAH, and at the same time reduced the mineralization of anthracene and pyrene. Regarding the mineralization of low-molecular-weight PAH, the stimulation of indigenous soil microorganisms by straw amendment was more efficient than application of white-rot fungi. 相似文献