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1.
论传统服务业的生态化建设 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
发展循环型服务业应首先从服务行业本身实施生态化转型开始,重点对生产型和非生产型中资源消耗较大、环境影响较重的传统服务业进行生态化建设,以低消耗、低污染、产业发展与生态环境协调为目标,通过实施服务主体生态化、服务途径清洁化、消费模式绿色化及与其他产业生态化耦合等措施,把“3R”原则和生态理念融入到“提供服务”、“实施服务”、“享用服务”的服务业产业系统结构中去。 相似文献
2.
Environmental Management - Wild plant species provide a variety of ecosystem services that contribute to human well-being. However, much of the legacy of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) in... 相似文献
3.
Rajiv K. Sinha 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》1997,10(2):183-197
The Green Revolution in India which was heralded in the 1960‘s was a mixed blessing. Ambitious use of agro-chemicals boosted
food production but also destroyed the agricultural ecosystem. Of late Indian farmers and agricultural scientists have realized
this and are anxious to find alternatives – perhaps a non-chemical agriculture – and have even revived their age-old traditional
techniques of natural farming. Scientists are working to find economically cheaper and ecologically safer alternatives to
agro-chemicals. Blue-Green Algae Biofertilizers, Earthworm Vermicomposts (Vermiculture), biological control of pests and herbal
biopesticides are showing promise. Saline agriculture and sewage farming are also being promoted in India to augment food
production in the face of water scarcity. There is a move to search for alternative foods, which are more nutritious, cheaper
and have shorter harvest cycles. Farm and food policy in India has to change its outlook before there can be a second green
revolution.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
乡村旅游发展的居民社区参与影响因素研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
社区参与是乡村旅游业可持续发展的动力机制之一,多种因素对社区充分参与产生了影响.通过对宏村等四个乡村旅游地的实证研究表明,文化归属、利益分配、效益认同、组织需求、政策支持、参与能力等六个因素是居民参与的主要影响因素,文化归属感是居民社区参与的首要影响因素;乡村旅游经营管理者应从制度上肃清障碍、提供合理的参与渠道、开展必要的居民培训,居民要加强自身文化知识和技能的培养,提升参与能力. 相似文献
5.
Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) can play an important role in the understanding of ecological systems. Although TEK
has complemented scientific and managerial programs in a variety of contexts, its formal incorporation into remote sensing
exercises has to date been limited. Here, we show that the vegetation classifications of the Ache, an indigenous hunter-gatherer
tribe of the Mbaracayu Forest Reserve in Paraguay, are reflected in a supervised classification of satellite imagery of the
reserve. Accuracy of classification was toward the low end of the range of published values, but was reasonable given the
difficult nature of separating forest classes from satellite images. Comparison of the resultant map with a more traditionally
elaborated vegetation map highlights differences between the two approaches and the gain in information obtained by considering
TEK classifications. We suggest that integration of TEK and remote sensing may provide alternative insights into the ecology
of vegetation communities and land cover, particularly in remote and densely forested areas where ecological field research
is often limited by roads and/or trail systems. 相似文献
6.
构建新型城乡形态是推进城乡融合的重要着力点。基于产业结构专门化水平和乡村性指数的定量测度,对苏北地区县域乡村类型及差异化城乡形态建设路径进行了探索。结果表明:苏北地区农业主导型、工业主导型、商旅服务型和均衡发展型县域分别占12%、16%、12%和60%;弱乡村性县域呈分散组团分布,中等乡村性县域沿淮河生态经济走廊呈东西轴向延伸,强乡村性县域边缘性特征明显。据此,从现代农业发展、新型工业支撑、生态绿色创新、三产融合互动等方面提出新型城乡形态建设路径。 相似文献
7.
本文以川西北牧区为例,探讨了定居聚落生态系统的结构、功能和特点,并针对目前川西北高寒牧区定居聚落生态系统存在的主要问题提出了一些对策建议。 相似文献
8.
Many alpine ski areas have recently adopted voluntary environmental programs (VEPs) such as using recycling, renewable energy,
and biofuels to help reduce their environmental impacts. Studies have addressed the performance of these VEPs in mitigating
environmental impacts of this industry, but little is known about visitor awareness and perceptions of these programs. This
article addresses this knowledge gap by exploring skier and snowboarder knowledge of VEPs at a ski area and the influence
of these programs on their motivations to visit this area currently and behavioral intentions to visit again in the future.
Data were obtained from an onsite survey at the Mt. Bachelor ski area in Oregon, USA (n = 429, 89.7% response rate). Few skiers and snowboarders were knowledgeable of VEPs at this area and fewer than 20% were
motivated to visit on their current trip because of these programs. Other attributes such as scenery, snow conditions, and
access were more important for influencing visitation. Up to 38% of skiers and snowboarders, however, intend to visit this
ski area more often if it adopts and promotes more VEPs. Managers can use these results to inform communication and marketing
of their environmental programs and performance to visitors. Additional implications for management and future research are
discussed. 相似文献
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10.
This study developed a comprehensive framework to incorporate landscape ecological principles into the landscape planning and design process, with a focus on the design of new patches in the rural landscape. The framework includes two interrelated phases: patch analyst (PA) and patch designer (PD). The patch analyst augments the process of landscape inventory and analysis. It distinguishes nodes (associated with potential habitat patches) from links (associated with corridors and stepping stones between habitats). For natural vegetation patches, characteristics such as size, shape, and spatial arrangement have been used to develop analytical tools that distinguish between nodes and links. The patch designer uses quantitative information and analytical tools to recommend locations, shapes, sizes, and composition of introduced patches. The framework has been applied to the development of a new golf course in the rural Mediterranean landscape of Apulia, Southern Italy. Fifty new patches of Mediterranean maquis (24 patches) and garrigue (26 patches) have been designed and located in the golf course, raising the overall natural vegetation area to 70 ha (60% of total property). The framework has potential for use in a wide variety of landscape planning, design, and management projects. 相似文献
11.
Alessandro Paletto Federica Maino Isabella De Meo Fabrizio Ferretti 《Environmental management》2013,51(2):414-422
Values are generally defined as social facts that orientate individual and collective actions, and consequently influence political, economic and social systems. The evaluation of natural resource values is considered an important instrument to support decision making in environmental policy. The forest is an important renewable resource that provides a mix of social, economic and environmental values for society. The paper presents a survey method to collect and analyse individual preferences relating to three macro-categories of forest values. The survey method was tested in the Trentino region (north-east of the Italian Alps) and will soon be extended to other areas. The results of the questionnaires provided evidence that the forest economic value is perceived as least important, while the environmental values were appreciated the most. Regarding the principle social variables, males tended to give higher scores to all three macro-categories compared to females. Moreover, people with a low education also gave higher scores to all three categories in comparison to the more educated individuals. 相似文献
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Legislation on the protection of biodiversity (e.g., European Union Habitat and Bird Directives) increasingly requires ecological impact assessment of human activities. However, knowledge and understanding of relevant ecological processes and species responses to different types of impact are often incomplete. In this paper we demonstrate with a case study how impact assessment can be carried out for situations where data are scarce but some expert knowledge is available. The case study involves two amphibian species, the great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) and the natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) in the nature reserve the Meinweg in the Netherlands, for which plans are being developed to reopen an old railway track called the Iron Rhine. We assess the effects of this railway track and its proposed alternatives (scenarios) on the metapopulation extinction time and the occupancy times of the patches for both species using a discrete-time stochastic metapopulation model. We quantify the model parameters using expert knowledge and extrapolated data. Because of our uncertainty about these parameter values, we perform a Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis. This yields an estimate of the probability distribution of the model predictions and insight into the contribution of each distinguished source of uncertainty to this probability distribution. We show that with a simple metapopulation model and an extensive uncertainty analysis it is possible to detect the least harmful scenario. The ranking of the different scenarios is consistent. Thus, uncertainty analysis can enhance the role of ecological impact assessment in decision making by making explicit to what extent incomplete knowledge affects predictions. 相似文献
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生态执政能力建设初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
王延伟 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2014,(4):37-39
探讨了生态执政能力建设的重要性及其内涵,认为生态执政能力是一个政党应对环境问题的能力,关系到政治、经济、文化、社会和生态安全等方面能否持续发展。生态执政能力的内容包括制定符合生态规律和环境保护要求的路线、方针政策的能力;领导制定和实施环境保护法律、法规的能力;动员和组织政党成员及国民学习和实践环境保护知识、理念、行为和规范的能力;领导国民建设生态文明、生态文化的能力;领导国民和教育国民选择、建设可持续发展的经济模式的能力。 相似文献
16.
When local resource users detect, understand, and respond to environmental change they can more effectively manage environmental
resources. This article assesses these abilities among artisanal fishers in Roviana Lagoon, Solomon Islands. In a comparison
of two villages, it documents local resource users’ abilities to monitor long-term ecological change occurring to seagrass
meadows near their communities, their understandings of the drivers of change, and their conceptualizations of seagrass ecology.
Local observations of ecological change are compared with historical aerial photography and IKONOS satellite images that show
56 years of actual changes in seagrass meadows from 1947 to 2003. Results suggest that villagers detect long-term changes
in the spatial cover of rapidly expanding seagrass meadows. However, for seagrass meadows that showed no long-term expansion
or contraction in spatial cover over one-third of respondents incorrectly assumed changes had occurred. Examples from a community-based
management initiative designed around indigenous ecological knowledge and customary sea tenure governance show how local observations
of ecological change shape marine resource use and practices which, in turn, can increase the management adaptability of indigenous
or hybrid governance systems. 相似文献
17.
Mekong River Fish Conservation Zones in Southern Laos: Assessing Effectiveness Using Local Ecological Knowledge 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Small-scale fisheries are important in Laos, where rural people heavily depend upon Mekong River and tributary fish stocks
for their livelihoods. Increasing pressures from human exploitation and habitat disturbance, however, have raised serious
concerns about the potential depletion of various species. This has led to the establishment of large numbers of Fish Conservation
Zones (FCZs) or “no-take” fish sanctuaries in southern Laos based on a “community-based fisheries co-management” framework.
This study uses the local ecological knowledge (LEK) of fishers to assess the effectiveness of village-managed FCZs in enhancing
fish stocks in the mainstream Mekong River in Khong District, Champasak Province. Focus group interviews about species that
are believed to have benefited from different FCZs are compared with parameters such as FCZ area, age, depth, localized gradient,
water velocity, and the presence of wetland forests nearby. The results suggest that no one aspect is likely to account for
variations in fish stocks; rather, it is the interaction between numerous factors that has the largest impact. Secondly, the
results indicate that microhabitat diversity and protection are critical for maintaining and enhancing Mekong fisheries. Deep-water
pools are particularly important as dry season refuges for many fish species, and FCZ depth may be the single most important
environmental factor affecting the success of FCZs in the Mekong River. FCZs have the most potential to benefit relatively
sedentary species, but may also benefit highly migratory species, given the right conditions. This study shows that integrated
approaches to stock assessment that employ LEK and scientific fisheries management have considerable potential for improving
Mekong capture-fisheries management. 相似文献
18.
Ecological planning: A review 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Beginning with the passage of the National Environmental Policy Act in 1969, the federal government of the United States has enacted numerous pieces of legislation intended to protect or conserve the environment. Other national governments have also enacted environmental legislation during the past two decades. State and local governments have also adopted policies concerned with environmental planning and management. Multiple laws and overlapping governmental agency responsibilities have confused development and resource management efforts. A comprehensive methodology that integrates the legal mandates and the agency missions into a common and unified framework is needed. Ecological planning offers such a method. Application of the method allows planners and resource managers to better understand the nature and character of the land and/or resource and therefore make better decisions about its appropriate use or management. The steps taken in an ecological planning process—1) goal setting, 2) inventory and analysis of data, 3) suitability analysis, 4) developing alternatives, 5) implementation, 6) administration, and 7) evaluation—are outlined and explained. Hand-drawn overlays and computer programs as techniques for handling ecological planning information are compared. Observations and suggestions for further research are offered. 相似文献
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20.
Abdullah-Al Mamun 《Environmental management》2010,45(5):922-938
Worldwide there is a declining trend in natural fish catch (FAO, The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. , 2002) and Bangladesh is no exception. The vast inland fisheries of Bangladesh have been declining over the years, largely a result
of human alteration of the aquatic habitats arising from human interventions in the floodplain systems such as the establishment
of water control structures which favor agricultural production but reduce fish habitats. It can be assumed that conventional
management measures are not adequate to conserve natural fisheries and exploring alternative knowledge systems to complement
existing management is warranted. This paper focuses on local ecological knowledge and several other local practices held
by fishers engaging directly with floodplain ecosystems. These knowledge systems and practices may be valuable tools for understanding
ecosystems processes and related changes and developing local level responses to avert negative consequences of such changes.
This may help in devising alternatives to ecosystem management and the conservation of floodplain fish habitats of Bangladesh
and elsewhere in the world. This study was conducted in a natural depression (locally called beel) and its surrounding floodplain system located in north central Bangladesh which has become highly degraded. The results
of the study indicate that the fishers and local users of the floodplain ecosystems are rich in local ecological knowledge
concerning the hydrology of the floodplains and small lakes, the habitat preferences of fish, the role of agricultural crops
on fish habitats, and the impact of habitat human interventions in aquatic ecosystems. Given the apparent inadequacy of the
present management regime, this article argues for an inclusion of local knowledge and practices into habitat management as
a more holistic approach to floodplain habitat restoration and conservation that encourages multi-level cooperation and which
builds on diversified knowledge systems. 相似文献