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通过Matlab软件的曲线拟合功能,以1993-2012年《山东省统计年鉴》中的人口统计数据为基础数据,对山东省17地市分别选择最佳拟合模型进行人口规模预测,依据行政区划面积计算人口密度,对结果以Cartogram的技术方法进行地图表现,得出直观的结果.该研究采用了新颖的专题地图表示方法,丰富了人口预测方法,对了解未来社会的供求关系和人口发展趋势、拟定正确合理的人口规划方案具有重大的理论和实践意义. 相似文献
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本文对现有标准中的涂层划痕腐蚀评价标准进行了对比,分析了各个标准对划痕腐蚀宽度测量方法差异,对比分析结果可为检测人员提供技术指导。 相似文献
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通过2005--2007年数据,选取27家煤炭企业作为研究对象,对其进行效率评价。首先运用DEA方法分析了27家煤炭企业的总体效率状态,结论是效率不理想。分析找出煤炭企业效率低的原因,主要包括煤炭企业人员冗余严重、科研投入不足、煤炭企业自主创新能力低和体制改革不够彻底,最后分析了煤炭企业进行技术效率创新动力不足的原因。 相似文献
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海底管道是海洋油气输运的重要命脉,需要定期进行检测探测以分析评估其安全稳定性。基于埋设海底管道及其磁异常特征,通过研究埋设海底管道磁异常的检测技术及其组成、应用方法,优化海底管道磁异常检测设备布设与检测测线方案,实现埋深大于5 m 的深埋海底管道磁异常特征的完全检测。通过海底管道磁异常数据反演可获取实测海底管道路由相比设计竣工路由的坐标偏距、管道埋深等数据,在某区域14.5 km 长的海底管道探测实际工程中应用良好,探测数据符合管道路由勘察评价标准规范,为管道埋藏状态分析提供了依据,形成了一种高效、精确的海底管道探测评价方法 相似文献
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在科学技术工作中,人们所接触到的数字均为有效数字.不言而喻,环境监测结果亦应以有效数字表示之.即在这一结果中只允许最末一位数字不确定外,其余数字均已确定.一个检测结果的有效数字位数是否合理正确,主要取决于原始数据的正确记录和数的正确运算.在记录数据时,要同时考虑到计量器具的精度及分析人员的读数偏差. 相似文献
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文章基于实验室内标准样品测试数据和实验室间能力验证分析数据,以Top-down技术评定电感耦合等离子体质谱测定水中钒含量的测量不确定度,建立了利用实验室质控数据评定测量不确定度的方法。通过实验室内标准物质重复测定结果计算实验室内期间标准差和重复性标准差,通过能力验证结果计算检测过程偏倚,并计算不确定度。该评定方法系统、完整地评价了检测结果的可靠性与分散程度。结果表明Topdown法相较于Bottom-up法避免了复杂的分量计算和模型建立过程,操作更为简便,具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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This article presents several case studies in southwest Germany, which aimed to support land use management decisions by a
process-oriented statistical upscaling of point-related environmental monitoring data to the landscape scale. When techniques
of data subsetting were used in a sensible way and corresponding to the appropriate scale for the evaluation envisaged, multiple
linear regression offered a data mining technique which was able to spatially predict relatively complex environmental patterns
with parsimonious, interpretable and accurate models, whereby different evaluation scales were best represented by different
DTM resolutions. Scenario models based upon the regression formulas were a valuable tool for visualizing management options
and evaluating management impacts (tree species selection) on soil functions (carbon storage), which qualifies the presented
methodology as a useful aid in decision making. Such upscaling techniques may be used for forecasting long-term effects of
ecosystem management, but they provided no information on temporal dynamics. Therefore, time trends of point information on
soil solution data were scaled by linking them to soil chemical data which was available in higher spatial resolution, using
both statistical and process-oriented methods. 相似文献
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Jim C. Loftis Graham B. McBride Julian C. Ellis 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1991,27(2):255-264
ABSTRACT: An assumption of scale is inherent in any environmental monitoring exercise. The temporal or spatial scale of interest defines the statistical model which would be most appropriate for a given system and thus affects both sampling design and data analysis. Two monitoring objectives which are strongly tied to scale are the estimation of average conditions and the evaluation of trends. For both of these objectives, the time or spatial scale of interest strongly influences whether a given set of observations should be regarded as independent or serially correlated and affects the importance of serial correlation in choosing statistical methods. In particular serial correlation has a much different effect on the estimation of long-term means than it does on the estimation of specific-period means. For estimating trends, a distinction between serial correlation and trend is scale dependent. An explicit consideration of scale in monitoring system design and data analysis is, therefore, most important for producing meaningful statistical information. 相似文献
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Jiri Marsalek 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1991,27(2):283-291
ABSTRACT: A review of methods for planning-level estimates of pollutant loads in urban stormwater focuses on transfer of charac. teristic runoff quality data to unmonitored sites, runoff monitoring, and simulation models. Load estimation by transfer of runoff quality data is the least expensive, but the accuracy of estimates is unknown. Runoff monitoring methods provide best estimates of existing loads, but cannot be used to predict load changes resulting from runoff controls, or other changes of the urban system. Simulation models require extensive calibration for reliable application. Models with optional formulations of pollutant build up, washoff, and transport can be better calibrated and the selection of options should be based on a statistical analysis of calibration data. Calibrated simulation models can be used for evaluation of control alternatives. 相似文献
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Jessica A. Salo David M. Theobald Thomas C. Brown 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(3):632-647
Riparian zones in semi‐arid, mountainous regions provide a disproportionate amount of the available wildlife habitat and ecosystem services. Despite their importance, there is little guidance on the best way to map riparian zones for broad spatial extents (e.g., large watersheds) when detailed maps from field data or high‐resolution imagery and terrain data are not available. Using well‐established accuracy metrics (e.g., kappa, precision, computational complexity), we evaluated eight methods commonly used to map riparian zones. Focusing on a semi‐arid, mountainous watershed, we found that the most accurate and robust method for mapping riparian zones combines data on upstream drainage area and valley topography. That method performed best regardless of stream order, and was most effective when implemented with fine resolution topographic and stream line data. Other commonly used methods to model riparian zones, such as those based on fixed‐width buffers, yielded inaccurate results. We recommend that until very‐high resolution (<1 m) elevation data are available at broad extents, models of riparian zones for semi‐arid mountainous regions should incorporate drainage area, valley topography, and quantify uncertainty. 相似文献
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基于模糊综合评价法与单因子指数评价法的水质评价 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过2012年5月至10月对凡河榛子岭水库上游河段的水质监测,采用模糊综合评价法对凡河榛子岭水库上游河段水体的水质状况进行了综合评价,同时与单因子指数评价法评价结果进行对比分析。结果表明,2种评价方法的评价结果存在较大差异,采用模糊综合评价法评价得到的水质评价结果相对较好;采用模糊综合评价法评价,仅6月的杨坟沟、岱海寨断面及9月的杨坟沟断面的水质为Ⅴ类,其他月份各监测断面的水质均符合Ⅲ类水质标准要求;而采用单因子指数评价法的评价结果仅9月份的杨坟沟断面的水质达到Ⅱ类水质,其余各月三个断面监测的水质均超出Ⅴ类水质标准。在水质评价中,应根据评价目的合理选择水质评价方法,使水质评价结果更为准确。 相似文献
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