摩托车污染控制催化转化器的试验研究

本文介绍摩托车排气净化催化转化器的研究情况,包括催化剂的研制及转化器的结构设计,经过实验室模拟尾气活性评价、转鼓台架检测、实车试验,证明所研制的催化转化器具有较好的催化活性实用性。同时讨论了催化转化器与二冲程、四种程摩托车匹配的问题。     

三效催化转化器老化过程预测及数值仿真

基于三效催化转化器的老化机理,提出了老化过程的预测方法。然后将老化机理与化学反应机理相结合,建立包含老化过程的三效催化转化器反应模型,并进行数值仿真,得到三效催化转化器载体温度及氧浓度沿载体轴向的分布特性,最后计算得出预测三效催化转化器老化过程的主要参数以及老化前后转化效率的变化,并与实验值进行比较。     

车用催化转化器的数值模拟与实验研究

采用数值模拟和实验相结合的方法比较了常规结构和一种特殊结构双载体三效催化转化器的性能。数值模拟的结果表明,安装环形片的催化转化器流动均匀性优于常规结构的催化转化器。实验结果表明,安装环形片可以提高催化器的转化效率。     

车用三效催化转化器发展概况

从载体及三效催化剂角度论述了车用三效催化转化器的发展；指出了影响车用三效催化转化器性能的因素，这些因素的作用是协同的；为提高催化转化器的性能，必须采用系统的方法对其进行优化设计。     

三效催化转化器研究进展

综述了三效催化转化器,即汽车尾气催化转化器的研究进展,详细介绍了载体和三效催化剂的研究状况,对其存在的问题进行了探讨。     

三效催化转化器研究进展

综述了三效催化转化器,即汽车尾气催化转化器的研究现状,详细介绍了载体和三效催化剂的研究状况,对其存在的问题进行了探讨.     

三效催化转化器研究进展

综述了三效催化转化器,即汽车尾气催化转化器的研究现状,详细介绍了载体和三效催化剂的研究状况,对其存在的问题进行了探讨.     

车用催化转化器的数值模拟与实验研究

采用数值模拟和实验相结合的方法比较了常规结构和一种特殊结构双载体三效催化转化器的性能。数值模拟的结果表明，安装环形片的催化转化器流动均匀性优于常规结构的催化转化器。实验结果表明，安装环形片可以提高催化器的转化效率。     

汽车尾气催化转化器模型研究进展

本文主要介绍汽车尾气催化转化器模型的研究进展 ,包括反应器内气体流动特性、单通道反应器内的传递现象和反应动力学、通道间的热传递和反应行为的模拟 ;并指出认识反应器内的各种特性和规律对设计汽车尾气催化转化器的必要性和意义     

三效催化转化器智能故障诊断系统知识库设计

在分析三效催化转化器故障诊断知识特点的基础上,采用一些措施构建知识库,如采用神经网络方法对转化器工作状态参数进行处理,采用多层前馈神经网络模型和自组织神经网络模型获取知识,采用产生式规则形式和二元化产生式规则形式表达知识,设计量化模块和知识库模块转化知识,并采用多个神经网络来记忆知识。应用效果表明,三效催化转化器神经网络故障诊断专家系统的预报准确率较高,具有较大的实用性。     

影响催化转化器非稳态性能的因素分析

建立数学模型对催化转化器起燃温度特性曲线进行模拟,模拟结果与实验测量结果吻合较好。用数学模型考察和分析了气流状态和催化剂参数和载体参数等因素对催化器非稳态转化性能的影响。     

摩托车催化净化系统与整车匹配技术的研究

本文论述了摩托车排放控制催化净化系统的应用特点 ,并在与国内摩托车生产厂家进行催化净化系统匹配的试验基础上 ,提出了应用摩托车催化净化系统可能遇到的问题和解决方案     

Fast and quantitative measurement of benzene,toluene and C2-benzenes in automotive exhaust during transient engine operation with and without catalytic exhaust gas treatment

Time-Resolved Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (CIMS) has been used to investigate the emission profiles of benzene, toluene and the C₂-benzenes (xylenes and ethyl benzene) in automotive exhaust during transient engine operation. On-line emission measurements with a frequency of 1–5 Hz clearly identified the critical driving conditions that are mainly responsible for the overall aromatic hydrocarbon emissions. The passenger car, equipped with a catalytic converter showed significant BTXE-emissions only in the first part of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) due to sub-optimal catalyst temperature. On the same car without a catalytic converter, emissions of aromatic hydrocarbons were detected over the entire test run and the benzene–toluene mixing ratios of the exhaust gas were rather constant. With catalytic exhaust gas treatment the observed benzene–toluene mixing ratios varied to a greater extent reflecting predominantly different catalytic converter conditions. The average molar ratio of benzene over toluene rose from 0.33 to 0.53 upon exhaust gas treatment. With catalytic converter the emissions during extra urban (EUDC) driving repeatedly showed benzene–toluene mixing ratios >1 and an average molar benzene/toluene ratio of 0.74 was detected during the EUDC part of the driving cycle. Whereas the total hydrocarbon (T.HC) emissions were decreased by 83% upon exhaust gas treatment the overall reduction of the benzene emissions was only 70%.     

Considering the effects of ambient particulate matter on the lung function of motorcycle taxi drivers in Bangkok,Thailand

The motorcycle taxi drivers of Bangkok have been heavily exposed to high concentrations of PM₁₀ (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm), and the impact of this on their lungs has been neither documented nor studied. This study examines the association between exposure to PM₁₀ and lung function decline among motorcycle taxi drivers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bangkok between two groups: a subject group of motorcycle taxi drivers and control group of enclosed vehicle taxi drivers. The findings of the Thailand Pollution Control Department were used to estimate the annual ambient PM₁₀ concentration levels in the metropolis. Pulmonary functions of motorcycle taxi drivers and enclosed vehicle taxi drivers were measured and compared using the Mann-Whitney test. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to estimate the effects of PM₁₀ exposure on the lung function of motorcycle taxi drivers. A total of 1283 motorcycle taxi drivers and 600 taxi drivers were investigated. The mean forced expiratory volume in 1 sec/forced vital capacity (FEV₁/FVC) of the motorcycle taxi drivers was significantly lower than that of the taxi drivers (P < 0.001). The mean FEV₁/FVC of motorcycle taxi drivers exposed to ≥50 µg/m³ PM₁₀ was statistically lower (?2.82%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: ?4.54% to ?1.09%) and the mean % vital capacity (%VC) of those exposed to 40–49.9 µg/m³ PM₁₀ was statistically lower than that of motorcycle taxi drivers exposed to <30 µg/m³ PM₁₀ (?3.33%; 95% CI: ?5.79% to ?0.87%). Motorcycle taxi drivers were directly exposed to air pollution in their working environment. As a result, their lung function might decrease more than that of enclosed vehicle taxi drivers. With the possible exposure to ≥50 µg/m³ PM₁₀, the vehicular emission standards should be vigorously enforced. Further investigation is warranted to clarify the effect of lung dysfunction on the work and lifestyle of motorcycle taxi drivers.

Implications: Motorcycle taxi drivers are directly exposed to air pollution in their work environment; therefore, their lung function might decrease more than that of enclosed vehicle taxi drivers, especially when exposed to ≥50 µg/m³ PM₁₀. World Health Organization (WHO) vehicular emission standards should be recognized and eventually enforced.     

Long-term efficiency of catalytic converters operating in Mexico City

A 1999 ordinance by the Government of Mexico City bans 1993 model-year vehicles from on-road operation if their catalytic converters are not replaced with new ones. To validate the benefits of this action, we examined three issues related to exhaust emissions of vehicles equipped with catalytic converters. After selecting representative fleets of in-use vehicles, a comparison between emissions and catalyst efficiency in cars with two categories of exhaust emission limits was carried out. For that purpose, two fleets were selected, each made up of 10 vehicles run under similar conditions. A third, larger fleet with emissions control systems was used to evaluate and simulate real-world conditions of vehicles in a controlled laboratory. Finally, the aging effect on the catalytic converter was studied on vehicles run for 100,000 km, replacing their old emission control devices for new ones. The 1991-1992 model-year vehicles showed a high percentage of compliance with the corresponding emissions standard (90%) in comparison with 1993 model-year and later vehicles (Tier 0). However, NOx emissions were higher for the newer vehicles. Fifty percent of the 1991-1992 model-year vehicles evaluated under the official inspection/maintenance (I/M) procedure did not meet the regulated emissions standard when the results were compared with those of the U.S. Federal Test Procedure FTP-75. Our results suggest that the replacement of old catalytic converters with new ones will have little effect on decreasing polluting emissions because these vehicles were in very bad mechanical condition. Results of catalytic activity as a function of mileage indicated inefficient catalyst performance for the fleets tested. All pollutant conversions were below 90% efficiency, and they deteriorated by an average of 30% after the vehicles were run for 100,000 km.