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1.
In Fiji, contamination of the coastal environment by heavy metals is proving to be a real concern. This work reports for the
first time analyses carried out on an extensive basis, to ascertain the extent of anthropogenic contamination by heavy metals
in the <0.063 mm surface sediments of Suva harbour. Sediment samples from 40 sites selected within the harbour were collected
and analysed for five heavy metals. The levels of the metals range from 21.4 to 143.0 ± 0.1 mg/kg Cu, 1.40 to 4.87 ± 0.07 wt.%
Fe, 22.1 to 93.5 ± 0.3 mg/kg Pb, 40.2 to 269.0 ± 0.3 mg/kg Zn and 1.1 to 2.6 ± 0.2 mg/kg Sn. With reference to the pristine
area of the Great Astrolabe, in Kadavu, the acquired data from the harbour are indicative of heavy metal pollution. This could
be attributed to the numerous industrial and commercial activities at Wailada and Walu Bay industrial areas, the municipal
dump located at the Suva foreshore and the Suva wharf. The pollution is further compounded by the high population density
in Suva city. 相似文献
2.
海南岛北部潮间带红树林对重金属的累积特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对海南岛北部潮间带红树林湿地7种红树植物(根、茎、叶)及其根系沉积物中重金属元素含量进行了分析,结果表明:研究区湿地沉积物中Ni、Cu、Zn、As和Cd的变异系数大于0.50,沉积物中重金属分布很不稳定。其中Cr、Cu、Zn、As和Cd的含量均高于海南水系沉积物背景值,可能存在外源的输入。仅有Pb的含量略低于海南水系沉积物背景值。总体来看,大部分植物显示了对Cd元素的较强的富集能力(BAC〉1),瓶花木对重金属元素的吸收能力总体上要比其他红树植物强一些,木果楝对重金属元素的吸收能力总体上最弱。其中,瓶花木(Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea)对Cr、Zn、As和Cd的吸收能力较强,莲叶桐(Hernandia sonora)对Cr和Ni的吸收能力较强,角果木(Ceriops tagal)对Pb的富集能力较强。角果木(Ceriops tagal)和桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)对Cd和Pb的运输能力较强,瓶花木(Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea)对Cu、Zn和Cd的运输能力较强,尖瓣海莲(Bruguiera sexangula)对Cr、Ni、Cd和Pb的运输能力较强,木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)对Ni、Cu、Cd和Pb的运输能力较强,木果楝(Xylocarpus granatum)对Cr、Zn和Cd的运输能力较强,莲叶桐(Hernandia sonora)对Cr也有较强的运输能力。但此次所研究的红树植物对As元素的运输能力均很弱,建议适量引入适宜在研究区生长并且对As元素富集能力较强的植物。 相似文献
3.
4.
The distribution of Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentration in five algae species (Enteromorpha intestinalis, Enteromorpha linza, Ulva lactuca, Corallina mediterranea, Pterocladia capillacea) collected from three areas having different types of metal contamination along Alexandria coastal waters (Egypt) were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The recovery study was carried out using a Certified Reference Material TORT-2. The obtained heavy metal contents indicate that different species demonstrate various degree of metal accumulation. Enteromorpha intestinalis (green algae) recorded the highest levels of Fe and Mn while Corallina mediterranea (Calcareous red algae) recorded the highest concentration of Pb, Ni, and Cd in the three areas under study. According to the present study, filamentous algae (Enteromorpha intestinalis) showed the ability to concentrate greater amount of trace elements than the foliaceous ones (Enteromorpha linza). In each area, mercury concentration has nearly the same value for all species under study. 相似文献
5.
The effect of heavy metal on the observed growth yield (yobs) was observed in batch culture of activated sludge. However, no attention has been paid to quantitatively describe the relationship between heavy metal concentration and yobs so far. In this study, a growth yield model in relation to the ratio of initial heavy metal concentration (Cm) to initial biomass concentration (X 0) was proposed for batch culture of activated sludge, and was verified with experimental and literature data. A significant decline in Yobs was found with the increase of the Cm/X0 ratio. It was clearly demonstrated that for a given initial heavy metal concentration, real strength of heavy metal exerted on unit biomass would be reduced with the increase of initial biomass concentration. This study for the first time revealed that the toxicity of heavy metal to microbial growth should be correlated with the Cm/X0 ratio rather than to Cm only. A concept of effective Cm/X0 ratio, namely (Cm/X0 )50 was then developed for more reasonably and reliably assessing toxicity of heavy metal to microorganisms. 相似文献
6.
Despite its being highly mineralised, the Hope Mine area has become a residential district. Composite soil samples taken from 91 allotments show values for cadmium: < 2–220 mg kg–1, lead: 6–38,000 mg kg–1, and zinc: 66–40,000 mg kg–1. Water samples from adits contain 52–86 g kg–1 of lead and < 1–2 hg kg–1 of cadmium. The soil contents of cadmium and lead in at least two areas suggest that remedial actions should be considered. Blood lead levels for 33 children aged between ten months and seven years are in the range 5.7–57 g dl–1; haemoglobin levels vary between 9.7 and 12.7 mg dl–1. There is no obvious relationship between Pb and haemoglobin levels. Further geochemical work to define fully the spatial extent of the polluted region and epidemiological studies including intelligence testing to define further the effects of lead on children in this environment would be valuable.To whom correspondence should be addressed. 相似文献
7.
Zhaoming WANG Ranhao SUN Haiping ZHANG Liding CHEN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(2):240
Concentrations of the heavy metals Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cr were examined in surface water and sediment from the Luan River inChina,. With a decline in Cu and Ni concentration found in surface water at downstream stations. This finding suggests that water currents are a major explanatory factor in heavy metal contamination. The abundance of Cr, Pb, and Cd observed in the middle reaches of the river indicates heavy metal contamination in local areas, although there was an obvious decrease in concentrations in the water downstream of the Daheiting Reservoir. The significant rising trend in Cu, Pb, and Ni seen the sediment farther away from the river also suggests that anthropogenic activities contribute to heavy metal pollution Sediments were therefore used as environmental indicators, with sediment assessment was conducted using the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and the potential ecological risk index (RI). The Igeo values revealed that Cd (3.13) and Cr (2.39) had accumulated significantly in the Luan River. The RI values for most (89%) of the sampling stations were higher than 300, suggesting that sediment from the Luan River poses a severe ecological risk, with the potential ecological risks downstream higher than that in the upper and middle streams. Good correlations among Pb/Ni, Pb/Cd, Cu/Pb, and Cu/Cd in the water and Cr/Ni in the sediment were observed. Cluster analysis suggested that Cd may have various origins, being derived from anthropogenic sources. 相似文献
8.
Identification and mapping of heavy metal pollution in soils of a sports ground in Galway City,Ireland, using a portable XRF analyser and GIS 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Heavy metals in urban soils continue to attract attention because of their potential long-term effects on human health. During
a previous investigation of urban soils in Galway City, Ireland, a pollution hotspot of Pb, Cu, Zn and As was identified in
the sports ground of South Park in the Claddagh. The sports ground was formerly a rubbish dumping site for both municipal
and industrial wastes. In the present study, a portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) analyser was used to obtain rapid in-situ
elemental analyses of the topsoil (depth: about 5–10 cm) at 200 locations on a 20 × 20-m grid in South Park. Extremely high
values of the pollutants were found, with maximum values of Pb, Zn, Cu and As of 10,297, 24,716, 2224 and 744 mg/kg soil,
respectively. High values occur particularly where the topsoil cover is thin, whereas lower values were found in areas where
imported topsoil covers the polluted substrate. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques were applied to the dataset
to create elemental spatial distribution maps, three-dimensional images and interpretive hazard maps of the pollutants in
the study area. Immediate action to remediate the contaminated topsoil is recommended to safeguard the health of children
who play at the sports ground. 相似文献
9.
High Cu and Cd pollution in sediments from Sisimiut, Greenland. Adsorption to organic matter and fine particles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
High concentrations of Cu of up to 200 mg/kg, and Cd of up to 4.0 mg/kg, were found in sediments from the aquatic environment around Sisimiut, Greenland. These concentrations are four times higher than the limiting concentration where toxicological effects are expected. The pollution could be linked to human activities in Sisimiut, a link that have not been investigated previously in Greenland. Except from the most polluted samples there was good correlation between heavy metal concentration and organic matter. Also some relationship between fine fraction and heavy metal concentration was observed. 相似文献
10.
To examine the suitability of benthic foraminifera and their test deformations as bioindicators of pollution in coastal marine environments, we studied foraminifera and metal concentrations in 72 marine sediment samples, collected from the inner shelf along the Sicilian coast (Gulfs of Palermo and Termini) and on the south-eastern coast of Lampedusa Island. These areas are characterised by different environmental conditions. On the basis of pollution sources and foraminiferal assemblages, we recognised different zones in the Gulf of Palermo. The most polluted zones showed high metal concentrations, and low diversity of benthic foraminifera with species typical of stressed environments. By contrast, the lowest polluted zones showed a high population density and the highest percentages of epiphytes. Epiphytes were abundant where a Posidonia oceanica meadow was present and decreased in the most polluted zones. Sediments of the Gulf of Termini and Lampedusa exhibited high percentages of benthic foraminifera typical of well-oxygenated waters and low concentrations of metals, with the exception of sites located near sewage outfalls and harbour areas. Furthermore, even though deformed tests are commonly known in natural stressed environmental conditions, this study shows that in the most polluted zones, benthic foraminifera were characterised by the highest percentages of deformed individuals. 相似文献
11.
Jun Yang Jingyun Wang Pengwei Qiao Yuanming Zheng Junxing Yang Tongbin Chen Mei Lei Xiaoming Wan Xiaoyong Zhou 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(3):37