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近年来,国内外因为高层建筑发生火灾而造成重大人员伤亡以及财产损失的事故呈逐年上升趋势,尽管国家十分重视对高层建筑的安全管理,也制定了规章制度,但高层建筑的火灾防范、扑救形势依然相当严峻。 相似文献
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土壤液化是地震灾害的主要原因之一。液化通常指地震引起的粒状土超静孔压增长及随后的软化现象。近年地震液化灾害在全球呈上升趋势。本文回顾了我国2003年新疆M_(s)6.8级巴楚地震、2005年M_(s)5.7级九江地震、2008年M_(s)8.0级汶川地震、2010年M_(s)7.1级玉树地震、2011年M_(s)5.8级盈江地震、2014年M_(s)6.6级景谷地震、2015年M_(s)6.5级皮山地震、2016年M_(s)6.7级高雄地震、2016年M_(s)6.7级阿克陶地震、2018年M_(s)5.7级松原地震及2020年M_(s)6.4级伽师地震的典型液化现象及其地表特征,总结液化导致的地质灾害及其诱因,完善我国地震液化数据库。主要结论如下:(1)土壤液化主要沿等震线长轴方向分布,特别在河谷、湿地、堤坝及农田等高地下水位区易产生地震液化现象。液化迹象表现为地表喷水冒砂、地裂缝、塌陷、不均匀沉降等宏观现象;(2)沉积物喷出地表迹象包括单个砂孔、串状砂孔、线状砂孔、喷水冒砂条带等形式,泥水喷出物携裹黏土、粉土、砂土,砂砾,甚至卵石,导致校园操场/广场、农田、水井、管道和河道等破坏;(3)液化常导致路面、堤坝等开裂,路面裂缝多呈顺路向裂缝和路边裂缝,堤坝裂缝大多分布于坝顶及坝坡的纵向裂缝,呈剪切裂缝;(4)液化引起的地基沉降和侧移会导致浅基础建(构)筑物倾斜、变形甚至倒塌,挡土结构破坏,桥墩倾斜和移位,水利水电设施丧失功能;(5)汶川地震的液化场地在余震中发生二次液化现象,液化后土体抵抗再次液化的强度问题应予关注;(6)汶川地震及松原地震中发生低烈度区(Ⅵ烈度区)的土壤液化现象,汶川地震深层土壤液化、松原地震低水位土壤液化现象均超出现行规范规定的认识。 相似文献
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2003年是中国历史上不平凡的一年。先是突如其来的“非典”,后是新疆巴楚-伽师、青海德令哈和云南大姚地震。到了7—8月的主汛期,大江大河安澜度过,人们迎着凉凉的秋风,把自然灾害的伤痛留给了历史。 相似文献
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莫斯科地铁发生的自杀性爆炸事件,导致市民死伤惨重。与飞机不同,该事件暴露了不特定多数利用无防备的地铁进行恐怖活动的危险。事件不仅给莫斯科,而且给地铁网非常发达的世界大城市带来了冲击。 相似文献
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民勤地区大震、古地理和沙尘暴的关系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
民勤地区是中国沙尘暴发生年频次最高的地区。本文讨论了干旱、地震、古湖泊和风线对民勤地区沙尘暴形成所产生的综合作用。强地震破坏了土壤颗粒的团聚性,古湖泊环境提供了沙土混杂的地表层,风线决定了沙尘暴的飞扬和运移。 相似文献
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This paper describes emergency medical preparedness during FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) World Cup matches in Frankfurt, Germany, in 2006. The methods employed were document analysis and personal observation of games over five days in June–July 2006. The medical authorities in Frankfurt drew on a wide range of scientific literature and experiences to elaborate a National Concept. They paid attention to different models of handling mass catastrophes in shaping the final version of the document. The participation of designated authorities, associations, and volunteer organisations was coordinated sufficiently and the games in Frankfurt proceeded without great incident, even though more than 300,000 people in total attended. The adopted emergency medical procedure was appropriate for a mass gathering event. Official and volunteer organisations collaborated precisely in emergency preparedness. While one uniform concept for all mass gatherings events cannot be developed, case reports and experiences are useful tools. 相似文献
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2006年7月26日,安徽省定远县发生M4.2地震,发震时刻为北京时间05点18分50秒;震中为32°32'N,117°37'E(图1),震源深度约10 km(据江苏省地震台网测定).震中区震感强烈,少数房屋出现裂缝,个别棚屋和少数烟囱倒塌.安徽的合肥、宿州、蚌埠、淮南、巢湖、淮北和江苏的南京、宿迁、扬州、淮安等部分地区有震感. 相似文献
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Psychological consequences among adults following the 1999 earthquake in Athens, Greece 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
One year after the 7 September 1999 earthquake in Athens, Greece, we investigated the psychological consequences among 305 individuals (71 per cent female) residing in the settlements of Ano Liosia Municipality. Adaptability was difficult (63 per cent) due to limited space (50 per cent). Insecurity feelings were predictive of difficult adaptability (chi2= 29.8, p<0.0001) and were common (63 per cent) among married subjects, independent of age (chi2= 5.0, odds ratio (OR): 0.49, 95 per cent confidence interval (CI): 0.26-0.90). Eighty per cent expressed stress feelings, mainly nervousness/tension (60 per cent). Adaptability (chi2= 5.3, OR: 0.5, 95 per cent CI: 0.27-0.9), age (chi2= 6.5, OR: 1.03, 95 per cent CI: 1.01-1.06), and female gender (chi2= 4.7, OR: 0.48, 95 per cent CI: 0.25-0.90) were independent predictors of stress feelings. The majority (55 percent) developed sleep disorders, chiefly insomnia (60 percent). Adaptability problems were the only predictor of sleep disorders (chi2= 6.4, OR: 0.5, 95 per cent CI: 0.33-0.87). Psychiatric medication use increased after the earthquake. 相似文献