Study on nitrile-degrading microorganisms

Two strains of bacteria were isolated from nitrile polluted soils, and identified as Corynebacterium boffmanii and Arthrobacter flavescens. Acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile and acrylonitrile were degraded by these bacteria to yield corresponding amides, carboxylic acids and ammonia. The nitrile-degrading abilities of these strains were investigated. The removal rates for the nitrile were nearly 100%, after these bacteria were grown in medium containing 10000 ppm of aceto-, propio-, or butyronitrile at 28 ℃ for 24h. When the reaction mkture consisting of 5000 ppm of above mentioned nitriles or acrylonitrile and 20g (dry cell) /L resting cells of the two strains in 0.06mol/L phosphate buffer (pH7.5) was incubated separately at 25 ℃ with moderate shaking for 15 or 45 min, the nitrile could be degraded completely. The optimum growth conditions for C.hoffmanii and A.flavescens were studied as well.     

Simulating study on the effect of acid precipitation on forest soil weathering

The effect of acid rain on the forest soils in China was discussed on the basis of simulating studies. The soils were collected from five typical areas, including Chongqing in Sichuan Province and Guiyang in Guizhou Province, where there has been heavier acid rain in southwest China, and Huitong in Hunan Province, Zhouzhi in Shaanxi Province, and Xinglong in Hebei Province, all of which were selected as control. Field investigation and sampling were made in the typical forests in all the above five areas. The relationship between pH values in precipitation and rates of soil weathering, the difference between the rates of soil weathering in different areas, and the cause of such a difference, have been worked out. The prediction was also conducted on the supply dynamics of nutrient and toxic elements in various forest ecosystems which were affected by acid deposition in order to understand the long-term effects of acid precipitation on the forest ecosystems studied.     

Study on toxicity of wastewa ter from mining activities on some biota

Dawu River water was taken as the wastewater of copper mine and used to study its toxicity on algae and Daphnia It was found that wastewater affected the growth and photosynthesis of algae，and also affected the growth and breeding of Daphnia The results through SOS ch romotest showed that there was no appa rent genotoxins from the sediments.     

Epidemiological investigation on mercury contamination in gold mining and its effect on health

Ｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ,ｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎ ｐａｉｄ ｇｒｅａｔａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｔｏｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ(Ｚｉｌｌｏｕｘ ,1993;Ｍｏｎａｍｙ ,1993;Ｇｕａｎ ,1994;Ｙａｎｇ ,1992 ;Ｌｉ,1993;1994;ＳＣＯＰＥ ,1994) .ＴｈｅｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌｆｏｃｕｓｉｓｔｏｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅＨｇｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｔｈｅｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｎｄｔｈｅｈｕｍａｎ’ｓｈｅａｌｔｈ .Ｉｔｉｓｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｆｒｏｍ“ｍｉ…     

Study on climate-vegetation interaction in China

The climate-vegetation interaction of China is mainly controlled by the atmospheric circulations and topographic characteristics. The distribution and NPP of vegetation zones show a close relationship with a series of climatological indexes, such as annual mean temperature, precipitation, various thermal indexes, and potential evapotranspiration rates. The multivariate analysis (DCA) for climate and vegetation, zones in China provides quantitative environmental interpretation for two significant ecological gradients. The first gradient is mainly a thermal gradient, it can be displayed by latitude, altitude, biotemperature, and annual mean temperature. The second gradient is basically a moisture gradient, it correlated highly with longitude and potential evaportranspiration. The quantitative interaction or statistical models between vegetation zones and climato-geographical indexes can provide a fundamental scenario and comparative parameters for the study on climate and vegetation changes in China.     

Effects of nuclear chimney on climate

In this paper, according to the data from several single nuclear explosion experiments of an equivalent to magnitude of million tons, and combined with meteorological data, their effects on the regional climate nave been analysed.     

Trihalomethanes adsorption on activated carbon fiber

Ｔｒｉｈａｌｏｍｅｔｈａｎｅｓａｄｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｏｎａｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄｃａｒｂｏｎｆｉｂｅｒ￥ＬｉＪｕｎｗｅｎ；ＹｕＺｕｏｂｉｎ；ＧａｏＭｉｎｇ；ＣａｉＸｉｎｐｅｉ；ＣｈａｏＦｕｈｕａｎ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＨｙｇｉｅｎｅａｎｄＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅ...     

SCOPE workshop on mercury pollution in Asia

ＦｏｒｗａｒｄＡｔｔｈｅ 9ｔｈＧｅｎｅｒａｌＡｓｓｅｍｂｌｙｗｉｔｈＳＣＯＰＥ (ＳｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃＣｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｏｎＰｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｏｆｔｈｅＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ) ,ｉｎＳｅｖｉｌｌａ 1992 ,ｔｈｅＳｗｅｄｉｓｈｄｅｌｅｇａｔｉｏｎ ｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄａ ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｉｎｇｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｗｉｔｈｓｐｅｃｉａｌｅｍｐｈａｓｉｓｏｎｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌｒｅｇｉｏｎｓ.Ｔｈｅｂａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄｏｆｔｈｉｓｐｒｏｐｏｓａｌｗａｓｔｈ…     

The influence of science on Canada's foreign policy on persistent organic pollutants (1985–2001)

The role of science in environmental foreign policymaking has received little attention in the international environmental politics literature, and systematic, in-depth case studies of the influence of science on environmental foreign policy with respect to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are entirely missing. We present a case study of the influence of science on Canada's foreign policy on POPs from the discovery of the transboundary nature of the POPs problem around 1985 to the signing of the United Nations Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001. Influence was analyzed in terms of a knowledge–action methodology that focused on the types of scientific knowledge and the actions taken by scientists that were influential. Data were collected through interviews and extensive document analysis. We conclude that, while individual knowledge types and actions were influential during various periods (single-factor explanations), it was an increasingly layered and integrated “package” of knowledge types and actions, with human health impacts as its touchstone and partnering between scientists and non-scientists as its watchword, that propelled and sustained Canada's foreign policy on the POPs issue.     

Study on the cementitiousness of asbestos tailings

ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅｃｅｍｅｎｔｉｔｉｏｕｓｎｅｓｏｆａｓｂｅｓｔｏｓｔａｉｌｉｎｇｓＬｕＺｈｏｎｇｙｕａｎ，ＨｕｏＪｉｃｈｕａｎ，ＬｉａｏＱｉｌｏｎｇ，ＸｉｏｎｇＹｉｍｏｕＳｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，Ｍｉａ...     

Adsorption of herbicide triclopyr on homoionic clays

ＡｄｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｅｒｂｉｃｉｄｅｔｒｉｃｌｏｐｙｒｏｎｈｏｍｏｉｏｎｉｃｃｌａｙｓＬｉｕＷｅｉｐｉｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ，ＺｈｅｊｉａｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｈａｎｇｚｈｏｕ３１００２７，Ｃｈｉｎａ）ＡｌｂａＰｕ...     

Study on urban water environmental support capacity

ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｕｒｂａｎｗａｔｅｒｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｃａｐａｃｉｔｙＧｕｏＨｕａｉｃｈｅｎｇ；ＹｅＷｅｎｈｕ（ＣｅｎｔｅｒｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＰｅｋｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１００８７...     

Toxic effects of selenium on marine fish

Ｔｏｘｉｃｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｓｅｌｅｎｉｕｍｏｎｍａｒｉｎｅｆｉｓｈ￥／ＺｈａｎｇＹｕａｎｘｕｎ（ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＮｕｃｌｅａｒＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ２０１８００，Ｃ...     

Introductory remarks on mercury pollution in China

Ｃｈｉｎａｉｓｒｉｃｈｉｎｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ,ｒａｎｋｉｎｇｔｈｉｒｄｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ .ＭｅｒｃｕｒｙｏｒｅｓａｒｅｍｏｓｔｌｙｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｅｄｉｎＳｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔａｎｄＣｅｎｔｒａｌＣｈｉｎａｌｉｋｅＧｕｉｚｈｏｕ ,ＳｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＳｈａａｎｘｉ,ＮｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＨｅｎａｎａｎｄＥａｓｔｅｒｎＳｉｃｈｕａｎ ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｓ,ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙＧｕｉｚｈｏｕｗｈｅｒｅ 75%ｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｏｒｅｏｆａｌｌＣｈｉｎａｅｘｉｓｔｓ.Ａｎｎｕａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｉｎ 60’ｓａ…     

Genetic and genotoxic aspects on methyl mercury

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｈｅａｌｔｈｈａｚａｒｄｓｆｒｏｍｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅｔｏｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｄｅｐｅｎｄｏｎｔｈｅｓｔａｔｅｏｆｍｅｒｃｕｒｙ ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒｉｔｉｓｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｃ,ｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｃｏｒｍｅｔａｌｌｉｃｆｏｒｍ .Ｍｅｔａｌｌｉｃｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｉｓｔａｋｅｎｕｐｂｙｔｈｅｌｕｎｇｓａｎｄｅｘｃｒｅｔｅｄｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｋｉｄｎｅｙｓ,ｗｈｉｌｅａｌｋｙｌｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｉｓｔａｋｅｎｕｐｂｙｔｈｅｂｌｏｏｄａｎｄｃａｎｐａｓｓｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｂｌｏｏｄ ｂｒａｉｎｂａ…     

Some comments on biological methylation ,global emissions and trade and on residence time in atmosphere of mercury

1　Ｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｂｒｅａｋ ｄｏｗｎｏｆｍｅｔｈｙｌｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｉｎｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｅａｎｄｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ　　Ｓｉｎｃｅｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｙｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｗａｓｆｉｒｓｔｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｉｎ 1967(Ｊｅｎｓｅｎ ,1969) ,ｓｅｖｅｒａｌｔｈｏｕｓａｎｄｐａｐｅｒｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｓｕｂｊｅｃｔ.ＴｈｅｉｎｉｔｉａｌｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｗｅｒｅｄｏｎｅｉｎｆｒｅｓｈｗａｔｅｒｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｓｉｎＳｗｅｄｅｎｗｉｔｈｈｉ…     

Adsorption of chloroacetanilide herbicides on soil and its components Ⅲ. Influence of clay acidity, humic acid coating and herbicide structure on acetanilide herbicide adsorption on homoionic clays

Adsorption of chloroacetanilide herbicides on homoionic montmorillonite, soil humic acid, and their mixtures was studied by coupling batch equilibration and FT-IR analysis. Adsorption isotherms of acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor and propachlor on Ca²⁺-, Mg²⁺ -. Al³⁺ -and Fe³⁺ -saturated clays were well described by the Freundlich equation. Regardless of the type of exchange cations, Kf decreased in the order of metolachlor ＞ acetolachlor ＞ alachlor ＞ propachlor on the same clay. FT-IR spectra showed that the carbonyl group of the herbicide molecule was involved in binding, probably via H-bond with water molecules in the clay interlayer. The type and position of substitutions around the carbonyl group may have affected the electronegativity of oxygen, thus influencing the relative adsorption of these herbicides. For the same herbicide, adsorption on clay increased in the order of Mg²⁺ ＜ Ca²⁺ ＜ Al³⁺ ≤ Fe³⁺ which coincided with the iucreasing aciditv of homoionic clays. Acidity of cations may have affected the protonation of water, and thus the strength of H-bond between the clay water and herbicide. Complexation of clay and humic acid resulted in less adsorption than that expected from independent adsorption by the individual constituents. The effect varied with herbicides, but the greatest decrease in adsorption occurred at a 60:40 clay-to-humic acid ratio for all the herbicides. Causes for the decreased adsorption need to be characterized to better understand adsorption mechanisms and predict adsorption from soil compositions.     

Study on the decolorization of dyes by microorganisms

Thirteen strains of bacteria with ability of dye decolonization were isolated from activated sludge and biofilm collected from textile wastewater treatment plants, and identified as Alteromonas, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter. Alcali-genes and Corynobacterium. These strains D33, D32, D4 of Alteromonas can decolorize 29 kinds of dyes with good decolorizing activities of about 2.6 mg dye/gram wet cells.h-1. The optimum pH was 7-8 and the temperature was 37℃. The growth of bacteria was 3 times better in shaking cultures than in static cultures. But the decolorization rate of dyes was 4-9 times more in the latter than in the former. The results from the examination of the reaction products of Diamond Chrome Red B and Diamond Narry Blue RRN indicated the possibility of biodegradation of these dyes by Enterobacter D17.     

Effect of organophosphorus pesticide pollution on soil animals

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｍｏｄｅｒｎｓｏｉｌｚｏｏｌｏｇｙｈａｓｅｎｔｅｒｅｄｉｎｔｏａｓｔａｇｅｏｆｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｈｕｍａｎａｎｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ.Ｐ?..     

Chronotoxicological studies on dichlorphos in mice and humans

Chronotoxicological studies were performed with dichlorphos (DDVP) and its timing toxic effects on mice and humans. The circadian rhythms were revealed in the blood cholinesterase (ChE) activity in intact mice and normal persons, as well as in mice mortality treated at different daily times. The inverse relationship of the two rhythm suggested that the risk of exposure to DDVP might be much higher at evening hours than in other clocks of the day, and the disappearance of the ChE rhythms in DDVP-treated mice and DDVP-exposed workers implicated a disturbing effect of DDVP on the maintenance and regulation of the rhythmic mechanisms.