应用T-RFLP技术研究五氯酚对好氧颗粒污泥中细菌组成的影响

研究了五氯酚(PCP)对好氧颗粒污泥处理生活污水的影响,借助末端限制性酶切片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术考察了PCP存在时好氧颗粒污泥细菌组成的变化.结果表明,PCP对氨氮去除率的影响大于对COD去除率的影响,好氧颗粒污泥中微生物的种群数量随着PCP浓度的增加而逐渐减少,氨氮和COD去除率的变化与微生物种群数量变化相吻合.根据对PCP的敏感程度,好氧颗粒污泥中的微生物可分以下几类:①对PCP高度敏感的微生物,可能是Microbacterium或Streptococcus等以及2种未被报道的菌种;②对PCP中度敏感的微生物,可能是Corynebacterium或Nevskia等以及1种未被报道的菌种;③对PCP低度敏感的微生物,可能是Mycoplasma或Exiguobacterium等以及1种未被报道的菌种;④对PCP耐受性强的微生物,这类微生物主要是13个末端限制性片段(69、71、82、175、198、241、229、232、233、240、245、269、449bp)所代表的微生物,PCP浓度为30mg/L时,长度为82bp和175bp的片段的相对面积分别22.7%和13%,所代表的微生物已经演替为优势菌群.     

好氧颗粒污泥和活性污泥细菌种群结构对五氯酚污染的响应研究

应用一种新的微生物分子生态学方法--末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)法研究了好氧颗粒污泥和活性污泥在毒性化合物五氯酚(PCP)影响下的废水处理性能及其微生物种群结构的响应.结果表明,PCP浓度为30 mg·L-1时,颗粒污泥和活性污泥的COD去除率为38%、77%,与10～20 mg·L-1 PCP相比,分别下降了56%和15%.另外,PCP浓度为20 mg·L-1时,去除率为13%和58%,与10～20 mg·L-1 PCP相比,分别下降了86%和40%,说明PCP对氨氮去除率的影响大于对COD去除率的影响,对颗粒污泥的影响大于对活性污泥的影响.PCP对好氧颗粒污泥和活性污泥的细菌种群结构都产生了明显的影响,而且好氧颗粒污泥的变化程度大于活性污泥;PCP浓度为30 mg·L-1时,好氧颗粒污泥中的细菌种群数量明显下降,TRFs片段数从26下降到14,但活性污泥中的细菌种群数量基本不变,污泥中细菌种群结构的变化趋势与污泥的水处理性能的变化趋势相一致.     

四氧化三铁明胶固定过氧化物酶催化降解五氯酚

利用Fe₃Ｏ₄吸附-明胶包埋-交联法固定辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）催化去除水中的五氯酚（PCP）,探讨了催化反应时间、不同缓冲体系及pH值、不同PCP初始浓度和HRP使用量对催化反应的影响,确定了固定化HRP催化去除PCP的最佳反应条件,并与自由酶的催化反应做对比研究.结果表明,用固定化辣根过氧化物酶催化去除五氯酚,反应在30 min后可达到平衡,催化速度和自由酶相当;pH值介于 4～6之间有较明显的去除效果,固定后催化反应的适宜pH范围更为宽泛,且受不同缓冲体系影响较小,pH为5时有最高催化去除率41%;在0.05 　U/mL的低活性浓度下固定化HRP的催化效率高,与自由酶相比可减少酶用量;PCP的去除量随其初始浓度的增加而增加,但催化去除率从39.68%下降至24.4%;此外,固定化HRP具有良好的催化稳定性,在酶活性浓度为0.05 　U/mL时重复使用7次后PCP的催化去除率仍高于39%.     

用辣根过氧化物酶处理废水中的五氯酚

研究了用辣根过氧化物酶对五氯酚的模拟废水进行催化聚合处理的过程。结果表明,辣根过氧化物酶可以有效地去除五氯酚。反应的 最佳pH范围为4～5,去除率可达95%以上。聚合处理过程中五氯酚与过氧化氢的反应计量比为2:1。反应计量比以及处理过程中氯的释放 实验表明,五氯酚聚合作用的主要产物是二聚体。另外,反应速度与酶和过氧化氢的用量有关,增加酶用量或适量增加过氧化氢的用量可以明显缩短反应时间。      

Sonolysis and mineralization of pentachlorophenol by means of varying parameters

IntroductionThepresenceofhuman derivedornaturallyoccurringvolatileornovolatiletoxicorganiccompoundsindrinkingwaterhavebecomeaproblemofamajornationalandinternationalconcern .Thepresenceoftoxicorganiccompoundsinafewpartsperbillionisenoughtorenderawatersuppl…     

Monitoring microbial community structure and succession of an A/O SBR during start-up period using PCR-DGGE

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) protocol was employed for revealing microbial community structure and succession in a sequential anaerobic and aerobic reactor performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) during start-up period.High phosphorus removal was achieved after 15 d.On day 30, phosphorus removal efficiency reached to 83.2% and the start-up was finished.DGGE profiles of periodical sludge samples showed that dominant microbial species were 19 OTUs (operational taxonomy unit ).Unweighted pair-group method using Arithmetic averages (UPGMA clustering analysis revealed that rapid community succession correlated to lower phosphorus removal rate and higher phosphorus removal efficiency reflected on steady community structure.Sequencing results indicated that determined sequences (12 OTUs) belonged to proteobacterium, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadales and unaffiliate group.Proteobacterium, Tetrasphaera elongate and Gemmatimonas aurantiaca may act important roles in phosphorus removal.With little amount as known glycogen accumulating organisms, Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis still at accumulating-phase had limited influence on microbial community structure.When climax community was obtained, dominant microbes were 14 OTUs.Microbes in a large amount were uncultured bacterium, Thauera sp., uncultured γ-Proteobacterium and Tetrasphaera elongata.     

Pentachlorophenol degradation by Pseudomonas stutzeri CL7 in the secondary sludge of pulp and paper mill

A pentachlorophenol (PCP) mineralizing bacterium was isolated from the secondary sludge of pulp and paper mill and identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri strain CL7. This isolate used PCP as its sole source of carbon and energy and was capable of degrading this compound as indicated by stoichiometric release of chloride and biomass formation. P. stutzeri (CL7) was able to mineralize a high concentration of PCP (600 mg/L) than any previously reported Pseudomonad with PCP as sole carbon source. As the concentration of PCP increased from 50 to 600 mg/L, the reduction in the cell growth was observed and the PCP degradation was more than 90% in all studied concentrations. This isolate was able to remove 66.8% of PCP from the secondary sludge of pulp and paper mill when supplemented with 100 mg/L of PCP and grown for two weeks. This study showed that the removal e ciency of PCP by CL7 was found to be very e ective and can be used in PCP remediation of pulp paper mill waste in the environment.     

活性碳纤维对水中五氯酚的吸附性能研究

文章研究了活性碳纤维(ACFs)对水中五氯酚(PCP)的吸附行为、吸附条件及再生性能。结果表明,PCP在ACFs上的吸附容量较大,Langmuir及Freundlich等温线都能较好地反映其吸附行为;ACFs对水中分子和离子状态的PCP均可吸附,在最佳的静态吸附和动态吸附条件下,PCP去除率分别可以达到97%和99.8%;用0.01mol/L NaOH溶液进行再生,吸附量基本不变,五氯酚回收率可达90%以上。     

厌氧颗粒污泥对五氯苯酚的吸附、解吸和生物降解研究

在以氯苯酚驯化污泥接种的上流式厌氧反应器中可形成降解ＰＣＰ的厌氧颗粒污泥。在ＨＲＴ２０－２２ｈ,ＰＣＰ负葆率２００－２２０ｍｇ／（Ｌ．ｄ）时,该反应器可有效地处理含ＰＣＰ１７０－１８０ｍｇ／Ｌ的废水,ＰＣＰ去大于９９．５％ＰＣＰ在砂氧颗粒污泥上的吸附和解吸均符合Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ等温方程,吸附是部分不可逆的,该方程可较好地描述厌氧反应器内颗粒污泥对ＰＣＰ的吸附量的变化规律。试验表明厌氧颗粒污泥去     

γ辐照和H2O2联合作用下五氯酚(PCP)的降解

研究了水溶液中的五氯酚(PCP)在γ辐照和过氧化氢(H2O2)联合作用下的降解.PCP的初始浓度为27.7 mg·L-1,外加H2O2的初始浓度为0、50和100 mg·L-1.结果表明,PCP在不同条件下的辐照降解符合准一级动力学方程.当外加H2O2的初始浓度在0～100 mg·L-1时,PCP的去除率、矿化率和脱氯...     

升流式厌氧污泥床处理含五氯酚废水的研究

研究了升流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)在中温条件下处理含五氯酚(PCP)模拟废水时工艺特点及PCP降解机理。结果表明:①在以处理啤酒废水的厌氧颗粒污泥为接种物(VSS接种量约15 g /L),运行温度为(35±1) ℃,水力停留时间为20～24 h,进水COD浓度为2 500～2 800 mg/L;进水PCP浓度由1.0 mg/L上升至8.0 mg/L条件下,120 d左右完成启动,PCP和COD去除率分别为94%及86%以上。②高效液相色谱仪检测结果分析表明,PCP厌氧降解的途径是首先经间位脱氯生成四氯酚和2,4,6－三氯酚,再经邻位和对位脱氯生成2,4－二氯酚和邻氯苯酚,最后矿化为CH₄和CO₂。      

生物炭对水中五氯酚的吸附性能研究

利用小麦秸秆和花生壳在300,400,600℃条件下制备生物炭,运用元素分析仪、扫描电镜和比表面积仪对生物炭的理化性质进行表征,同时探讨其对水中五氯酚(PCP)的吸附特性.结果表明,随炭化温度升高,生物炭芳香性增加,极性降低.花生壳生物炭对水中PCP的吸附效果优于小麦秸秆生物炭,3种温度制备的生物炭对PCP吸附量表现为400℃>600℃>300℃.随着生物炭添加量增大,水中PCP去除能力由81.79%提高至89.02%,生物炭的吸附量由30.32减小至5.54mg/g.生物炭对PCP的吸附动力学更符合准二级动力学方程,吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程.吸附过程主要受快速反应控制,降低反应温度有利于生物炭对水中PCP的吸附.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

吸附-共代谢再生污泥法降解五氯苯酚的研究

根据五氯苯酚(PCP)在活性污泥中吸附和共代谢降解的规律设计出吸附-共代谢再生活性污泥法去除污水中五氯苯酚的新工艺。小试发现:新工艺对污水中的PCP具有较好的去除效果,采用该工艺处理含2mg/LPCP的生活污水,如果在再生段添加50mg/L的谷氨酸作共代谢诱导基质,在稳定运行期间出水PCP的浓度可以达到低于0.2mg/L的水平。     

模拟光伏曝气SBR除磷性能及其聚磷菌群落结构

基于村落生活污水排水、日光昼夜变化和SBR(序批式反应器)运行方式的特点及强化生物除磷所需的交替厌氧/好氧环境,采用模拟光伏曝气SBR处理生活污水,考察反应器的除磷效果及机理,并采用PCR(聚合酶链式反应)和TA克隆考察反应器内PAO(聚磷菌)的群落结构. 结果表明,反应器在12 d内成功启动,TP去除率从35.4%逐渐升至98.8%,此后TP去除率一直稳定在97%以上,出水ρ(TP)小于0.1 mg/L. 在反应段末期,反应器污泥中w(TP)达60 mg/g以上,其中w(complex-P)(complex-P为胞内聚合磷)达到55.0 mg/g,而w(EPS-P)(EPS-P为胞外聚合物结合磷)所占比例<10%,表明EPS吸附对除磷的贡献很小,除磷主要通过PAO的释磷/吸磷过程实现. 所有PAO均属于“Candidatus Accumulibacter”世系,Ⅱ型Candidatus Accumulibacter(包括Clade ⅡA-Clade ⅡD)是反应器内主要的PAO,其在3个克隆文库(d30、d60、d90)中所占比例分别为80.0%、80.0%和76.7%.      

Simultaneous anaerobic- aerobic biodegradation of halogenated phenolic compound under oxygen-limited conditions

The successful application of co-immobilized aerobic-anaerobic biomass under limited aeration in wastewater treatment systems would eliminate the problems associated with the intermediates mono-chlorophenol（MCP） and di-chlorophenol（DCP） accumulations. With low initial pentachlorophenol（PCP） concentration, all PCP could be completely removed under oxygen-limited strict anaerobic conditions, and the removal efficiencies with different initial headspace oxygen percentage（IHOP） were not obviously different from each other. While at high initial PCP concentration, under strictly anaerobic conditions PCP and their intermediates were clearly higher than that under other conditions, and produced obvious accumulation, the highest PCP reduction was achieved by the system receiving 30 IHOP, oxygen-limited system also exhibited lower residual TOC concentration and lower concentration of metabolic intermediates MCP and DCP. These results suggested that under strictly anaerobic condition the reductive dechlorination of low chlorinated compounds became rate limiting in the reductive dechlorination pathway, less chlorinated compounds be more amenable to aerobic degradation, and the aerobes of outer layers could function under limited oxygen. The co-immobilized aerobic-anaerobic biomass for methanogenesis under limited-aeration for chlorophenol degradation might be an attractive and efficient alternative for the sequential anaerobic/aerobic system to achieve mineralization of a broad range of recalcitrance highly chlorinated organics and low final TOC concentrations.     

Optimization of enrichment processes of pentachlorophenol (PCP) from water samples

The method of enriching PCP( pentachlorophenol ) from aquatic environment by solid phase extraction (SPE) was studied.Several factors affecting the recoveries of PCP, including sample pH, eluting solvent, eluting volume and flow rate of water sample, were optimized by orthogonal array design(OAD). The optimized results were sample pH 4; eluting solvent, 100% methanol; eluting solvent volume, 2 ml and flow rate of water sample, 4 ml/min. A comparison is made between SPE and liquid-liquid extraction(LLE) method. The recoveries of PCP were in the range of 87.6%-133.6% and 79%-120.3% for SPE and LLE, respectively. Important advantages of the SPE compared with the LLE include the short extraction time and reduced consumption of organic solvents. SPE can replace LLE for isolating and concentrating PCP from water samples.     

短泥龄活性污泥系统碳磷污染物去除机制及微生物结构分析

在污泥停留时间（SRT）为3 d的条件下,探究了不同水力停留时间（HRT）条件下（4、6、8、12和16 h）的超短龄活性污泥系统碳、磷去除效果、机制,以及微生物群落结构特征.结果表明,在HRT=8 h及以上时短活性污泥系统才会有稳定的碳、磷去除效果,去除率分别能达到80%和90%以上;去除机理为吸附和生物作用,但COD和磷以吸附的方式去除比例随HRT的延长而减小,分别从47.2%和89.1%降低至35.9%和33.6%.微生物群落结构分析表明,短SRT系统中主要的优势微生物种类与传统活性污泥系统相似,除磷由传统聚磷菌（PAOs）和反硝化聚磷菌（DPAOs）共同完成,相对丰度随着HRT的延长而增加.     

Community analysis of ammonia oxidizer in the oxygen-limited nitritation stage of OLAND system by DGGE of PCR amplified 16S rDNA fragments and FISH

IntroductionSustainablewastewatertreatmentsystemsarebeingdevelopedthatminimizeenergyconsumption ,CO2 emission ,andsludgeproduction .However,thesesystemstypicallyyieldeffluentsrichinammonium nitrogen(NH 4 N)andpoorinbiodegradableorganiccarbon ,therebymaki…     

二氧化锰氧化降解五氯酚的动力学模拟研究

研究了五氯酚(PCP)在二氧化锰(MnO2)氧化作用下的降解反应动力学,并讨论了无机离子和有机组分对PCP降解动力学的影响.采用n级反应速率模型对PCP降解动力学进行非线性拟合,结果显示n＞0.999,这表明一级反应速率模型适用于模拟PCP降解反应.在保证95%置信区间的条件下,采用准一级反应速率模型对0.5 h内的PCP降解动力学进行了非线性拟合,得到的离心法和维生素C破坏法下PcP降解表观速率常数kobs分别是2.86和2.14 h-1.二价金属离子的加入能降低PCP的kobs;当超过MnO2初始浓度2%以上的Mn2 存在时,Mn2 能对PCP的kobs产生显著影响,而其它不同类型和浓度的离子对kobs不产生显著影响.8种酚酸中的咖啡酸、丁香酸和五倍子酸对kobs的抑制作用达到了显著性水平;而肉桂酸、香豆酸、阿魏酸和邻(对)羟基苯甲酸的影响不明显.研究表明,降低PCP降解速率的主要原因是由于导致PCP在MnO2表面的吸附作用减弱或在MnO2表面与PCP发生竞争反应造成的.