大尺度下土地利用与景观格局演变分析--以湛江海洋大学主校区为例

通过分析景观斑块的分离度、多样性、均匀性等指数，总结了大学校园土地利用与景观类型的关系，对优化校园景观格局具有现实指导意义。以湛江海洋大学主校区1996年和2005的遥感影像为信息源．在大尺度下利用GIS技术计算和分析主校区各类景观和总体景观的演变情况。结果表明．湛江海洋大学主校区整体景观的孔隙度、多样性、均匀度增加，而破碎度、优势度减小。     

阜康绿洲景观空间格局分析

基于景观生态学理论分析景观空间格局，选用阜康市1999年LANDSAT TM影像，运用ARC／INFO对影像进行目视判读和数字化工作，利用景观统计软件Fragstats For Arcview分别计算一些常用的景观指数，通过运用景观空间理论对景观指数分析，得出阜康绿洲总体景观格局特征。     

基于高分辨率遥感影像的城市土地利用景观格局分析

以IKONOS卫星遥感影像为基础数据源,在GIS技术的支持下,获取了泸州市区的土地利用类型。借鉴景观生态学的基本原理和方法,基于Fragstats 3.3软件,用景观格局指数定量分析了泸州市区土地利用景观格局的特征。分析结果表明,泸州市区土地利用景观类型丰富,景观多样性程渡高,景观类型均匀程度也较高,但优势景观类型不明显;由于人类干扰程度较大,土地利用景观破碎,稳定性较差。     

基于遥感影像的小流域土地利用景观格局研究CSSCI

以SPOT-5卫星遥感影像为基础数据源,在GIS技术的支持下获取刘家河流域的土地利用类型。引入景观生态学的基本原理和方法,基于Fragstats 3.3软件,用景观格局指数定量分析了该流域土地利用景观格局。结果表明,刘家河流域内的耕地是景观的主体类型,流域水资源丰富、交通条件便利,非常适合发展现代农业,但应注意生态环境保护,尤其应注意对坡度大于25°的耕地实施退耕还林,以防止出现水土流失等环境问题。     

基于遥感影像的小流域土地利用景观格局研究

以SPOT-5卫星遥感影像为基础数据源,在GIS技术的支持下获取刘家河流域的土地利用类型。引入景观生态学的基本原理和方法,基于Fragstats 3.3软件,用景观格局指数定量分析了该流域土地利用景观格局。结果表明,刘家河流域内的耕地是景观的主体类型,流域水资源丰富、交通条件便利,非常适合发展现代农业,但应注意生态环境保护,尤其应注意对坡度大于25°的耕地实施退耕还林,以防止出现水土流失等环境问题。     

基于土地利用的生态移民安置区景观格局变化——以宁夏红寺堡为例

为了探讨生态移民安置区土地利用的景观格局特征,以及研究区不同土地利用的变化,以宁夏回族自治区红寺堡区为研究区,选取1995年、2005年和2015年三期遥感影像数据,运用RS和GIS技术分析了该区域的土地利用的景观格局变化特征,定量分析了几种常用景观格局指数随尺度的变化规律。结果表明:红寺堡区土地景观要素占绝对主导地位的是草地,其次为耕地;各类土地景观变化较为复杂,总体而言,红寺堡区土地景观正朝着破碎度、异质性程度增加的趋势发展。     

我国湿地景观研究进展

湿地景观的变化和健康状况对湿地的过程和功能有着重要的影响。在对湿地景观概念进行明确界定的前提下,系统梳理我国湿地景观的研究尺度和研究现状,重点阐述湿地景观格局和景观健康相关的研究理论、方法和成果,对景观格局指数法、景观动态表征模型、指标体系法和景观强度法等相关研究方法的适用范围及优缺点进行探讨。在此基础上,指出湿地景观未来的研究可以尝试采用多种评价方法进行综合评价,更加注重对湿地景观进行科学的分类。     

成都市热力景观空间格局分析

城市热力景观空间格局是城市附属物和城市活动性在热场方面的综合表现。使用2008年11月23日的Landsat5/TM数据,将第6波段反演为亮温,并按温度值的高低把热力景观分为7个类型;借鉴景观生态学的原理和方法,以破碎度指数、多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数为评价指标,对成都市三环路内约200km2热力景观空间格局的研究结果表明：5个行政区的热力景观格局指数存在显著差别,如锦江区的破碎度指数最大,为0.924,成华区的最小,为0.559,指数大小与城市热力景观类型的分布特点密切相关。这些结果对于分析和研究城市整体格局、城市规划和环境保护等具有应用意义。     

惠来县景观格局与动态变化分析

在GIS技术和卫星遥感资料的支持下,利用景观格局分析软件FRAGSFATS3．3分析了揭阳市惠来县1994-2001年的土地景观格局的动态变化,并分别在类型水平上和景观水平上选择了部分景观指数。计算结果表明,破碎度趋向加深,景观结构和斑块形状复杂性增加（尤以林地和其它用地严重）;景观稳定性增加,优势度减少;景观多样性有所提高,受人类干扰程度加深,说明惠来县城市化速度快,处于城市发展的初期;各景观要素又有不同的景观动态特征。     

秦皇岛市生态环境景观生态学研究

运用景观分类与评价、景观结构与功能分析、景观生态安全格局判断等景观生态学原理和方法对秦皇岛市生态环境进行了研究,结果表明:秦皇岛景观类型丰富独特,景观空间格局对主要生态过程有重要影响,对1986～1996年间景观变化定量分析的结查显示由于人工干扰指数的提高,使自然景现类型数量减少,并出现破碎化,从而降低了景观多样性和景观优势度,易导致系统的生产力、稳定性、自维持性趋向于降低。     

基于3S技术的庄河市滨海湿地景观格局演变研究

庄河市位于黄海北部沿海地区,自然海岸线长达285km,拥有丰富的滨海湿地资源,对区域经济的发展具有显著的促进作用.以庄河市2000年和2010年的Landsat TM（或ETM）遥感影像获取研究区的滨海湿地斑块图形数据,选用生态意义较明确的景观特征指数,对庄河市滨海湿地的景观格局变化进行研究.研究结果表明,2000-2010年,庄河市滨海湿地总面积不断缩减,由2000年的131252.60hm2减少到2010年的121489.16hm2,减少幅度为7.44％;湿地斑块数不断增加,由2000年的3425块增加到2010年的3563块;湿地景观多样性指数（H）和景观形状指数（LSI）呈增加趋势,分别由2000年的0.6315和14.0分别增加到2010年的0.8554和18.7;景观优势度指数呈下降趋势,由2000年的0.8359下降到2010年的0.7364,表明庄河市滨海湿地的景观破碎化程度越来越严重.     

基于遥感数据的生态脆弱区森林景观分类及格局研究——以香格里拉为例

以Landsat-7 ETM＋为数据源,在遥感（RS）和地理信息系统（GIS）技术的支持下,对云南省香格里拉县北部进行森林景观分类及其景观结构分析。结果表明,研究区以针叶林为主要森林景观,阔叶混交林的形状结构较为松散,景观破碎化程度最严重,人为干扰强烈。因此,需加强森林保护,减少人为干扰,防止景观破碎化程度的进一步加深。     

Implications of Land Use/Land Cover Change in the Buffer Zone of a National Park in the Tropical Andes

The impacts of land use and land cover (LULC) change in buffer zones surrounding protected ecological reserves have important implications for the management and conservation of these protected areas. This study examines the spatial and temporal patterns of LULC change along the boundary of Rio Abiseo National Park in the Northern Peruvian Andes. Landscape change within four ecological zones was evaluated based on trends expected to occur between 1987 and 2001. Landsat TM and ETM imagery were used to produce LULC classification maps for both years using a hybrid supervised/unsupervised approach. LULC changes were measured using landscape metrics and from-to change maps created by post-classification change detection. Contrary to expectations, tropical upper wet montane forest increased despite being threatened by human-induced fires and cattle grazing of the highland grasslands inside the park. Within the park’s buffer zone, tropical moist forest remnants were fragmented into more numerous and smaller patches between 1987 and 2001; this was in part due to conversion into agricultural land. The methods used in this study provide an effective way to monitor LULC change detection and support the management of protected areas and their surrounding environments.     

Monitoring Environmental Changes in the Mediterranean Coastal Landscape: The Case of Cukurova, Turkey

This paper describes a remote sensing approach used to monitor temporal land use/cover (LULC) changes in Cukurova, an extensive coastal plain in the southeast Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The area has varied terrain ranging from low-lying alluvial deposits to rocky hills and mountains characterized by limestone outcrops. The ecological and economic importance of the area can be attributed to the existence of important coastal ecosystems (e.g., wetlands and sand dunes) and a wide range of industries located along the eastern coast. Temporal changes in the coastal landscape between 1984 and 2000 were evaluated using digital interpretation of remotely sensed satellite data. Pairwise comparison methods were used to quantify changes from 1984 to 1993 and 1993 to 2000 using multitemporal Landsat TM and ETM+ images, acquired in 1984, 1993, and 2000, respectively. Total change area was 2448 ha from 1984 to 1993 and increased more than twofold, to 6072 ha from 1993 to 2000. Change trends were determined using the information provided from individual change detection outputs of different periods. The most prominent changes were estimated to have occurred in agriculture, urban, and natural vegetation cover. Agriculture has increasingly grown over marginal areas, whereas urban development occurred at the expense of prime croplands across both time steps.     

A relict habitat became an isolated habitat in the Luoshan Nature Reserve from 1977 to 2017: Natural or man‐made disaster?

Understanding the ecological trends of the relict habitats in the Luoshan Nature Reserve (LNR) has an important role in the persistence of endangered species and the socio‐economic sustainability in the Ningxia section of the arid desertification belt in North China. Based on data from the Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS)/Thematic Mapper (TM)/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)/Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensors (from 1977 to 2017), the MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and net primary productivity (NPP) (from 2000 to 2017), the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM), annual average air temperature and precipitation (from 1977 to 2017), typical anthropogenic factors (population size, cultivated land and residential area) and natural ecological elements (MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI/MODIS NDVI and NPP) were quantitatively contrasted and analyzed for potential correlations. Some indicators of human activities, ecological processes and landscape geography have changed in the LNR. The proportion of residential area increased 3.09‐fold from 1977 to 2017. The population increased 34.30‐fold due to ecological immigration policy implementation in the Hongsipu immigration district. Before immigration, cultivated land increased, but after immigration, this land decreased quickly. Most of the dry‐cultivated land was converted through afforestation and a small part of the land was converted to irrigate cultivation land. We conclude that natural evolution led to the ecological relics, the isolated management to the LNR has objectively created an ecological island that will accelerate inbreeding depression and reduce biodiversity.     

Bi-Temporal Analysis of Landscape Changes in the Easternmost Mediterranean Deltas Using Binary and Classified Change Information

The aim of this study is (1) to quantify landscape changes in the easternmost Mediterranean deltas using bi-temporal binary change detection approach and (2) to analyze relationships between conservation/management designations and various categories of change that indicate type, degree and severity of human impact. For this purpose, image differencing and ratioing were applied to Landsat TM images of 1984 and 2006. A total of 136 candidate change images including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and principal component analysis (PCA) difference images were tested to understand performance of bi-temporal pre-classification analysis procedures in the Mediterranean delta ecosystems. Results showed that visible image algebra provided high accuracies than did NDVI and PCA differencing. On the other hand, Band 5 differencing had one of the lowest change detection performances. Seven superclasses of change were identified using from/to change categories between the earlier and later dates. These classes were used to understand spatial character of anthropogenic impacts in the study area and derive qualitative and quantitative change information within and outside of the conservation/management areas. Change analysis indicated that natural site and wildlife reserve designations fell short of protecting sand dunes from agricultural expansion in the west. East of the study area, however, was exposed to least human impact owing to the fact that nature conservation status kept human interference at a minimum. Implications of these changes were discussed and solutions were proposed to deal with management problems leading to environmental change.     

乌苏-奎屯-独山子地区生态系统服务功能变化研究

在3S技术的支持下,以1990年和2005年的TM图像解译数据为基础,采用谢高地的评价方法分析了乌苏-奎屯-独山子地区景观类型与生态系统服务功能的变化特征,为研究该地区水土开发与生态环境演变提供了依据。结果表明,1990-2005年,乌苏-奎屯-独山子地区农田、灌木林地、城镇及工业用地、盐碱地、水域和未利用地面积增加,其他乔木林地、草地、冰川和沼泽面积均减少;区域生态系统服务功能从1990年的9 182.84×106元减少到2005年的8 627.96×106元,减少量为554.87×106元,减少率为6.04%。保护区域生态环境,恢复和提高区域生态系统服务功能是该区域生态环境建设的重要任务。     

岷江流域三江交汇区景观格局变化研究

本文以生态景观理论为基础,地理信息与遥感技术为支撑,对岷江流域三江交汇区三期遥感数据,1990年TM、2002年TM、2014年ETM+数据进行图像分类、景观指数提取、空间分析,同时采用面积转移矩阵统计各景观面积的转移情况,分析景观格局变化的影响因素,研究结果表明:(1)1990—2014年三江交汇区景观类型面积排序为:农田林地草地水域居民地裸地。优势景观为耕地,所占比例由72.83%下降到63.32%,面积减少了3480hm2。草地所占比例呈现波动变化,总体增加了2.81%。林地比例由15.98%上升到18.79%,增加了700hm2。居民地所占比例升高了4.1%;(2)1990年研究区内草地景观易受到外部干扰,其分布形状复杂。林地景观整体聚合度较高同时具有较低的异质性,分布通透性好、规模连续。农田分布较为分散且斑块较小。2002年农田斑块分布复杂化,同时具有聚集度高的特点。2014年研究区内农田优势地位下降。此时农田分布比较破碎并且呈现集中的态势。草地分布规模性较好、分布较为完整,但是内部存在一定的破碎性;(3)三江交汇区景观类型相互转化的主要原因:一是,退耕还林、还草政策实施,海拔超过500m的丘陵山地区域,建立生态保护区。二是,成绵乐铁路和高速路网的完善,使得三江交汇区的土地类型向建设用地转化加快,主要集中在乐山市中区和周围城镇。     

基于Landsat／TM和ETM＋的理塘草地沙化趋势及其驱动力分析

文章利用1989、1994、2000和2005年的4期Landsat／TM,ETM＋遥感影像,在几何校正、辐射定标、大气校正的基础上计算了归一化植被指数（NDVI）,建立最小二乘法线性回归方程对多时相NDVI进行同化处理,基于二分模型提取植被覆盖度并转换成荒漠化指数（DI）,对理塘县城附近约103．1km2范围的分类研究结果表明：（1）分为无沙化、轻度、中度、重度和严重沙化5级,其中2005年中度、重度和严重沙化面积分别为2．562km2、2．925km2和1．576km2;中度沙化比1989年减少9．69％,重度和严重沙化分别增多35．79％和161．8％;（2）2005年中度以上沙化面积比1989年增加1．470km2,增加了26．3％,年增加率为1．47％;（3）沙化面积呈前期小、中期大幅增加、后期增加减缓的总体趋势;（4）降水量和风速因子的变化趋势有利于缓解沙化,气温变化趋势没有反映出对沙化的促进作用。人类活动是造成沙化趋于恶化的主要因素;（5）沙化增加趋势与同类研究结果一致。     

Comparing the utility of image algebra operations for characterizing landscape changes: the case of the Mediterranean coast

The aim of this study is to compare various image algebra procedures for their efficiency in locating and identifying different types of landscape changes on the margin of a Mediterranean coastal plain, Cukurova, Turkey. Image differencing and ratioing were applied to the reflective bands of Landsat TM datasets acquired in 1984 and 2006. Normalized Difference Vegetation index (NDVI) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) differencing were also applied. The resulting images were tested for their capacity to detect nine change phenomena, which were a priori defined in a three-level classification scheme. These change phenomena included agricultural encroachment, sand dune afforestation, coastline changes and removal/expansion of reed beds. The percentage overall accuracies of different algebra products for each phenomenon were calculated and compared. The results showed that some of the changes such as sand dune afforestation and reed bed expansion were detected with accuracies varying between 85 and 97% by the majority of the algebra operations, while some other changes such as logging could only be detected by mid-infrared (MIR) ratioing. For optimizing change detection in similar coastal landscapes, underlying causes of these changes were discussed and the guidelines for selecting band and algebra operations were provided.