火电厂"三同时"验收应当注意的问题

根据建设项目竣工环境保护验收规范要求，提出火电厂在验收过程中应当注意的几个问题。     

北京市“白色污染”对策研究

在考察分析北京市"白色污染"现状的基础上,归纳出目前治理"白色污染"过程存在的6个问题.针对这些问题,梳理国内外治理"白色污染"经验,同时提出了"源头控制、逐步替代,宣传教育、减量使用,鼓励回收、健全网络,重修法规、强化监管,奥运期间、齐抓共管"的治理建议.     

Achieving "Final Storage Quality" of municipal solid waste in pilot scale bioreactor landfills

Entombed waste in current sanitary landfills will generate biogas and leachate when physical barriers fail in the future, allowing the intrusion of moisture into the waste mass contradicting the precepts of the sustainability concept. Bioreactor landfills are suggested as a sustainable option to achieve Final Storage Quality (FSQ) status of waste residues; however, it is not clear what characteristics the residues should have in order to stop operation and after-care monitoring schemes. An experiment was conducted to determine the feasibility to achieve FSQ status (Waste Acceptance Criteria of the European Landfill Directive) of residues in a pilot scale bioreactor landfill. The results of the leaching test were very encouraging due to their proximity to achieve the proposed stringent FSQ criterion after 2 years of operation. Furthermore, residues have the same characteristics of alternative waste stabilisation parameters (low BMP, BOD/COD ratio, VS content, SO4(2-)/Cl- ratio) established by other researchers. Mass balances showed that the bioreactor landfill simulator was capable of practically achieving biological stabilisation after 2 years of operation, while releasing approximately 45% of the total available (organic and inorganic) carbon and nitrogen into the liquid and gas phases.     

Redesigning a collection system for "small" consumer electronics

This paper establishes that the collection system within the recycling scheme for consumer electronics in the Netherlands has not been entirely successful in convincing consumers to hand in their used appliances by means of dedicated collection routes. Particularly regarding small appliances, consumers are persisting in their habit of discarding their appliances by means of the refuse bag/bin for regular household waste. Therefore, the current collection system has been unable to direct consumer behavior in the desired direction. Consequently, the layout of the current system is reviewed and redesigned in order to tackle this problem. This design effort applies the Triad model (behavioral model) in the analysis stage and the Morphological Chart method (design tool) in the synthesis stage, and results in a concrete proposal for a new system. Finally, the applicability of this design approach beyond the specific circumstances of the case study presented in this paper is discussed. This case represents only one example of the broader, worldwide challenge to design appropriate collection systems to direct consumer behavior in desired directions. It is argued that the approach presented in this paper could be a valuable contribution to research dealing with this challenge.     

打造再生资源回收体系 建设“绿色北京”

北京市以建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会为指导,以建设"人文北京、科技北京、绿色北京"为目标,大力推进再生资源回收体系建设。介绍了北京市再生资源回收体系建设工作取得的初步成效及采取的措施,阐述了资源回收利用的新模式和新思路,以及推动北京市再生资源回收利用的下一步工作。     

石化污水反渗透浓水“零排放”技术

采用微滤—反渗透(RO)—蒸发—结晶工艺处理某石化企业的RO浓水,实现了RO浓水的“零排放”.试验结果表明:经加碱、微滤后,污水硬度平均减小率为98.8％,排出的滤渣平均质量分数为9.4％,减少了污水中有机物和微生物对后续RO膜的污染;微滤产水无需降低pH,可直接进入RO系统,电导率减小率可达98.0％;蒸发可将总固体质量浓度由13 290 mg/L增至172 155 mg/L,产水电导率为66 μS/cm.     

《循环经促进法》的主要制度

<循环经济促进法>已于2009年1月1日起施行,标志着我国循环经济法制建设迈出了关键的一步.为了更好地理解贯彻这部重要法规,从"循环经济发展规划制度"、"总量调控制度"、"循环经济的评价指标体系和考核制度"、"以生产者为主的责任延伸制度"、"重点企业监督管理制度"、"循环经济产业政策"、"激励措施"等7个方面对<循环经济促进法>的主要内容进行了阐述和解读.     

"先污染后治理"的成因及解决对策

分析了“先污染后治理”现象在我国规模发生的主要原因，提出了避免“先污染后治理”的对策，着重强调从微观入手，重点发展环保型技术、实现控污，治污技术内部化。     

Environmental odours assessment from waste treatment plants: dynamic olfactometry in combination with sensorial analysers "electronic noses"

After an overview about the criteria of odour nuisance in different technical laws, about electronic noses analysers and about dynamic olfactometry, in the present paper the authors describe an application of dynamic olfactometry in combination with the determinations of electronic noses. The coordination of the two approaches permits optimisation of the advantages offered by both methods to the measurable and objective evaluation of the odour nuisance from waste treatment plants and chemical plants.     

Estimating the impact of the "digital switchover" on disposal of WEEE at household waste recycling centres in England

Using Hampshire County Council (HCC) as a case study, this paper evaluates and discusses the estimated impacts of the so-called digital switchover (DSO) (scheduled for 2012 in Hampshire) on Household Waste Recycling Centres (HWRCs) in England and the UK. Two public surveys of Hampshire residents were used to collect data on their preparedness for and awareness of the switchover and its implications. The survey also sought to establish the quantities of televisions (TVs) and TV related devices that are ready for the DSO. The quantities of TV and related devices that are likely to be disposed via HCC’s collection network have been established and compared to the County’s current handling capacities for waste electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE). Best and worst case potential net disposal scenarios have been established and the latter compared to Government projections. In addition, the potential environmental, logistical, financial and legal impacts of the WEEE arising as a consequence of the switchover have been identified and discussed. The results indicate that the majority of TVs both in Hampshire and the UK are digital ready and that awareness of the switchover is high. In contrast, most recording devices in Hampshire are not ready for the DSO. Awareness of the timeframe of the event remains modest however and about half of Hampshire households were not aware that TV recording devices will be affected by the switchover. A significant proportion of waste TVs and related equipment would be taken to HWRCs in contrast to smaller items such as remote controls that would more likely be disposed with normal household waste. Projected figures for the DSO year show that if Hampshire maintained its current collection capacity for WEEE it would experience a handling shortfall of around ∼100 K for TVs and recording devices, respectively. The most important finding of the study is that the UK Government may have substantially underestimated the quantities of TV and related devices that will be disposed during the switchover. The potential impacts for local and national WEEE management have been discussed. The paper concludes by making recommendations to address identified issues.     

"白色污染"综合治理探究--以青岛市为例

"白色污染"给自然界带来了"视觉污染"和"潜在的危害",如焚烧它们会释放有毒气体,发电机组吸入它们影响运转等.随着社会经济的不断发展和人民生活水平的提高,塑料制品需求量日益增加,造成"白色污染物"的排放量猛增.为此一些专家把"白色污染"列为继水污染、大气污染后的第三大社会公害污染,已经到了非彻底治理不可的程度.但如何治理是一个比较棘手的问题,分析了我国塑料制品的发展情况和"白色污染"的现状,认为"白色污染"屡禁不止的主要原因是缺乏相关的经济补偿政策和管理不力.废旧塑料回收再利用是解决"白色污染"的最重要途径,可以使之资源化、减量化、无害化.同时就如何开展回收利用提出了一些建议,以期能够有效缓解或根治"白色污染".     

关于对《调整废旧物资回收企业增值税政策的请示》的意见

中华全国供销合作总社： 我们收到国家财政部税政司《关于征求〈调整废旧物资回收企业增值税政策的请示（征求意见稿）〉意见的函》（以下简称《征求意见稿》）后,专门组织专题会议进行了讨论研究。大家一致认为,在当前大力发展循环经济的新形势下,如果《征求意见稿》提交的政策出台,再生资源回收行业将会受到严重打击,并有可能导致全国供销社系统再生资源回收网络由此瓦解。     

构建“个体回收者+公司+园区”电子废弃物回收处理体系

目前,我国的电子废弃物回收体系处于分散经营状态,缺乏健全的回收体系和有效的监管,导致严重的环境污染和资源浪费等问题,基于这种现状,提出建立符合我国国情的"个体回收者+回收公司+园区管理"的回收处理体系,并阐述其管理机制。     

治理“白色污染”的根本途径是建立垃圾收集系统

随着消费水平的不断提高,包装废弃物特别是塑料包装废弃物进一步增长,"白色污染"问题日趋加重.论述了"白色污染"产生的原因、生活垃圾中废塑料的含量以及对"可降解塑料"作用的认识,指出建立有效的垃圾收集系统才是解决"白色污染"问题的根本途径.     

认真学习、深刻理解、坚决贯彻<清洁生产促进法>

《清洁生产促进法》既将正式实施，为帮助读者理解该法的内涵，介绍了制订该法的意义、法中规定的政府的责任、企业的义务以及企业实施清洁生产的优惠政策和违法的罚则。