共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
针对资源循环科学与工程本科专业课程教学,以西安建筑科技大学该专业课程体系为案例,通过对毕业生和专业研讨会调研,分析了课程体系建设的现状和存在的问题。借鉴其他高校资源专业的课程体系和教学内容,通过梳理各门专业课程的教学内容和相互联系,构建了资源专业课程体系课程群,探索了课程体系优化的方法和增加创新实践环节的具体措施。 相似文献
2.
3.
A critical comparison between combustion- and gasification-based waste-to-energy systems needs a deep knowledge of the mass flows of materials and elements inside and throughout the units. The study collected and processed data from several moving grate conventional incinerators and high-temperature shaft gasifiers with direct melting, which are in operation worldwide. A material and substance flow analysis was then developed to systematically assess the flows and stocks of materials and elements within each waste-to-energy unit, by connecting the sources, pathways, and intermediate and final sinks of each species. The patterns of key elements, such as carbon, chloride and heavy metals, in the different solid and gaseous output streams of the two compared processes have been then defined. The combination of partitioning coefficients with the mass balances on atomic species and results of mineralogical characterization from recent literatures was used to estimate a composition of bottom ashes and slags from the two types of waste-to-energy technologies. The results also allow to quantify some of the performance parameters of the units and, in particular, the potential reduction of the amount of solid residues to be sent to final disposal. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
李云 《再生资源与循环经济》2020,(1):23-29
废钢铁是我国物资回收与再生资源利用体系中的重要资源,也是非常重要的战略性资源,是钢铁工业最主要的两种原料之一(另一种是铁矿石)。与铁矿石相比,废钢铁更符合绿色可持续发展的需要和钢铁行业超低排放政策的要求,未来废钢铁资源在钢铁工业发展中的重要性可能会不断提升。着重探讨了未来10年废钢铁资源产生量的变化趋势,以及对钢铁工业原料结构变化的影响。未来中国的废钢铁资源可能不仅能满足自身钢铁工业发展的需要,同时也可能为世界钢铁工业的发展提供重要的原料。 相似文献
7.
采用BET,XRD,FTIR技术对两类椰壳活性炭进行了表征,考察了空速和吸附温度对正戊烷和正己烷动态吸附穿透容量(DPC)及穿透时间的影响,并对正戊烷和正己烷的二元竞争吸附过程进行了研究。结果表明:两类活性炭材料的组成和官能团结构相似,具有大量微孔的片状活性炭(FAC)有利于轻烃类VOCs的吸附;采用FAC吸附正己烷时,DPC对空速和温度变化不敏感;二元竞争吸附过程中,开始阶段正戊烷和正己烷同时被吸附,随后已被吸附的正戊烷被强吸附质正己烷部分置换,直至正己烷吸附饱和,与一元吸附相比,正己烷的DPC和饱和吸附容量略有增加,正戊烷的DPC和饱和吸附容量大幅降低。 相似文献
8.
杨敬增 《再生资源与循环经济》2014,(1):12-16
面对原生资源的枯竭和工业化发展的双重压力,开发“城市矿产”,开辟资源新路,是社会发展的必然需求。介绍了“城市矿产”等资源化园区的形式特点和资源种类,论述了建设园区的必要性和意义,并对建设要点和流程做了概要性分析。 相似文献
9.
To stem rising remediation costs for soils contaminated with hazardous metals, increased emphasis is being placed on the development of in-situ and ex-situ treatment technologies. Often, a lack of basic information on the chemical and physical characteristics of the soil and contaminants hampers treatability studies used to design these technologies. This article proposes and demonstrates a characterization program to meet these information needs, employing standard analytical techniques coupled with advanced spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. To support treatments involving physical separation strategies, the program uses standard analytical techniques to characterize the soil and the association of contaminants with different soil fractions (e.g., size and density fractions). Where chemical treatments are required, spectroscopy and microscopy methods are employed to yield quantitative information on the oxidation state and speciation of the contaminant. Examples demonstrate the use of measured soil and contaminant characteristics in the screening of alternative treatment technologies and in the selection of soils for use in treatability studies. Also demonstrated is the use of these characterization tools in the design and optimization of treatment strategies and in support of risk assessment determinations. 相似文献
10.
Ranau R Kleeberg KK Schlegelmilch M Streese J Stegmann R Steinhart H 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2005,25(9):908-916
In order to determine the efficiency of different treatment systems for the reduction of odorous emissions, a gas chromatographic method followed by simultaneous mass spectrometry and olfactometry (GC-MS/O) was developed. Samples from a coffee bean roasting and a fat and oil processing plant were analyzed, respectively. The results were compared with the data obtained by olfactometric measurements. At a coffee bean roasting plant, cooling gases were analyzed prior to and after treatment in a full scale bioscrubber. The GC-MS/O analysis showed that the amounts of aldehydes and ketones decreased after treatment of cooling gases of coffee bean roasting in the bioscrubber, whereas the contents of the heterocyclic compounds, like pyridine and the pyrazines, and acetophenone and guaiacol remained almost unchanged. The amounts of dimethyl disulfide, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, and the carboxylic acids increased after bioscrubber treatment. Furthermore, the performance of each stage of a combined experimental plant for the treatment of exhaust air of fat and oil processing was investigated. This treatment plant consisted of a bioscrubber, a biofilter, and an activated carbon adsorber. The important odor-active compounds of the exhaust air of fat and oil processing were the typical fat oxidation products (aldehydes, ketones) and with lower importance 2-pentylfuran, a few terpenes and aromates. Again, the key odor-active compounds, aldehydes and ketones, were degraded in the bioscrubber. Further degradation of aliphatic, unsaturated, methylated, and cyclic alkanes, as well as aromates, terpenes, and furans by the biofilter was observed. After the last treatment stage, the activated carbon filter, only small amounts of aliphatic, unsaturated, methylated, and cyclic alkanes and aromates remained in the waste gas. For both applications, the results of the developed GC-MS/O method correlated very well with olfactometric measurements. 相似文献
11.
12.
Waste material in municipal landfills can be described as heterogeneous porous media, where flow and transport processes of gases and liquids are combined with local material degradation. This paper deals with the basic formulation of a multiphase flow and transport model applicable to the numerical analysis of coupled transport and reaction processes inside landfills. The transport model treats landfills within the framework of continuum mechanics, where flow and transport processes are described on a macroscopic level. The composition of organic and inorganic matter in the solid phase and its degradation are modelled on a microscopic scale. The degradation model captures the different reaction schemes of various microbial activities. Subsequently, transport and reaction processes have to be coupled, since emissions at the surface and from the drainage layer depend on the flow of leachate and gas, the transport of various substances and heat, and the biodegradation of organic matter. The theoretical considerations presented here are fundamental to the development of numerical models for the simulation of multiphase flow and transport processes inside landfills coupled with biochemical reactions and heat generation. The implicit modelling of leachate and gas flows including growth and decay of micro-organisms are innovative contributions to landfill modelling 相似文献
13.
赵云 《再生资源与循环经济》2021,(1):11-15
当前,快速升级更新的电子电器产品极大地便利和丰富了人们的生活,但随之而来的是数量庞大的电子废弃物,造成严重的资源浪费和环境污染.为解决电子废弃物难题,各国纷纷制定法律和政策形成相应的管理制度,而生态设计逐步成为其中的核心环节.欧盟颁布的电子电器产品生态设计指令将多个主体纳入责任制度框架,体现了科学合理的生产者延伸责任、... 相似文献
14.
Ronald J. Scrudato 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2000,11(1):67-77
The streams, rivers, freshwater lakes, and coastal and open ocean waters of the world have been used for centuries for the disposal of municipal and industrial wastes. During the twentieth century, the range and quantities of waste materials discharged to the world's fresh and salt waters have grown progressively, increasing the potential ecological and human health impacts. The types and quantities of organic and inorganic wastes reaching the surface waters and associated sediments have increased in proportion to a region's or nation's population and industrial growth. Many of the contaminaants deliberately or inadvertently discharged to waterways are hydrophobic, are not biodegradable, or are highly resistant to degradation resulting in the accumulation of organic and inorganic substances in the waters, bottom, and suspended sediments of impacted waterways. Because of their persistence, these compounds and trace metals bioaccumulate and bioconcentreate in the aquatic organisms that occupy the affected waterway. Because many of the discharged waste materials are relatively insoluble and readily sorb to particles, the bottom and suspended sediments will commonly have higher contaminant concentrations than the associated overlying waters. Concentrations will normally decrease downstream of the contaminant source areas due to inputs and dilution by sediments and waters from cleaner tributaries. Although the sediments will normally have the higher concentrations, considerable quantities of contaminants may be found in the aqueous phase requiring not only removal of the solids, but treatment of the associated water as well. This is particularly the case when the water to solids recovered during dredging may approach 10:1. Many of the persistent contaminants impacting a nation's waterways are readily sorbed to the finer‐grained, organic rich sediments. Reaches of rivers and streams, or areas amenable to deposition of organic rich clays and silts, result in the creation of “hot spots” of contamination, localized areas where higher contaminant concentrations are found. It is these “hot spots” that are at the center of a debate over whether to dredge or leave the contaminated sediments undisturbed to allow natural attenuation to work. It is well recognized that dredging is not able to remove all of the contaminated sediments; some portion of the resuspended sediments created during the dredgirg will be dispersed downstream. The issue is whether to physically removeportions of the mass of contaminants impacting waterwa‐ys or rely on natural attenuation. Environmental dredging is expensive and many argue not worth the effort because of the lack of effective technologies that will prevent redistribution of the material resuspended as apart oJthe dredging process and management of associated water. Opponents of dredging cite natural attenuation and burial by cleaner sediments as eflective mechanisms to reduce the concentration of contaminants. Dredgingproponents argue the contaminant sources and accumulated hot spots must be removed in order to accelerate ecological recovery of the impacted waterway as well as reduce impacts to the environment and to public heulth. During thc next several years, decisions will be made by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agemy (USEPA) on whether to dredge major and minor waterways involving millions of cubic yards of contaminatedsedinaents requiring expenditures of hundreds of millions oj‐dollars by the responsible parties. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Innc. 相似文献
15.
16.
《Waste management & research》1991,9(5):389-394
Solid wastes can be processed for material and energy recovery using a number of unit operations and system approaches. The selection and configuration of unit operations and systems depends upon the characteristics of the wastes to be processed and the uses for recovered secondary materials and for recovered energy forms. The discussion focuses on the types of materials and forms of energy potentially recoverable from solid wastes, waste processing and conversion systems, and design considerations. 相似文献
17.
18.
Hossein Ataei 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2016,18(4):665-676
Sustainable development has become a major focus for engineers and planners as part of their collective efforts in finding, developing and integrating environmental-friendly solutions for material recycling and waste management into design and construction of civil engineering infrastructure. In the past three decades, there has been an increase in recycling and application of waste materials into the concrete to decrease costs and improve material properties of the concrete. Significant growth in automobile manufacturing industry and increased rubber tire supply for vehicles suggested the application of waste tire particles as concrete aggregates to minimize the ecological footprint of the rubber tire waste due to its recycling process difficulties. In this paper, the effect of rubber tire particles on compressive and dynamic strength of concrete specimens with different particle percentiles was tested on more than 55 cylindrical specimens. To achieve the optimal mix design properties of rubber tire concrete specimens, both fine and coarse aggregates got replaced by fine and coarse rubber particles. Introduction of rubber tire particles as coarse and fine aggregate reduces the brittleness of the concrete and provides more flexible aggregate bonding which ultimately improves the dynamic resistance of the concrete. It increases the concrete workability and provides environmental-friendly and cost-effective solutions in using recycled materials for concrete construction applications. 相似文献
19.
Thermal treatment for recovery of manganese and zinc from zinc-carbon and alkaline spent batteries 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aim of this paper is the recovery of manganese and zinc from a mixture of zinc-carbon and alkaline spent batteries, containing 40.9% of Mn and 30.1% of Zn, after preliminary physical treatment followed by removal of mercury. Separation of the metals has been carried out on the basis of their different boiling points, being 357°C and 906°C the boiling point of mercury and zinc and 1564°C the melting point of Mn(2)O(3). Characterization by chemical analysis, TGA/DTA and X-ray powder diffraction of the mixture has been carried out after comminution sieving and shaking table treatment to remove the anodic collectors and most of chlorides contained in the mixture. The mixture has been roasted at various temperatures and resident times in a flow of air to set the best conditions to remove mercury that were 400°C and 10min. After that, the flow of air has been turned into a nitrogen one (inert atmosphere) and the temperatures raised, thus permitting the zinc oxide to be reduced to metallic zinc by the carbon present in the original mixture and recovered after volatilization as a high grade concentrate, while manganese was left in the residue. The recovery and the grade of the two metals, at 1000°C and 30min residence time, were 84% and 100% for zinc and 85% and 63% for manganese, respectively. The recovery of zinc increased to 99% with a grade of 97% at 1200°C and 30min residence time, while the recovery and grade of manganese were 86% and 87%, respectively, at that temperature. Moreover, the chlorinated compounds that could form by the combustion of the plastics contained in the spent batteries, are destroyed at the temperature required by the process. 相似文献
20.
对大学生对废旧服装回收利用的认识进行了问卷调查与分析.首先对大学生希望的废旧服装处理方式及回收方式、对废旧服装回收的认识进行了调查与分析,然后对大学生二手服装购买的态度、购买二手服装时注重的因素、对穿着二手服装的认识进行了调查与分析.研究结果:多数学生期望废旧服装应由慈善公益机构或商业机构回收,捐给有需要的人或循环利用、或作为二手服装销售;多数学生购买二手服装时最注重的因素是卫生安全,能够认识到穿着二手服装和废旧服装回收是环保和节约资源的需要.其研究结果以期对我国废旧服装的回收体系及回收渠道的建立提供一定的参考价值;对大学生及家度对废旧服装回收再利用认识的提高具有一定的促进作用. 相似文献