基于浮游植物群落的青岛世园会天水水库水体评价

于2014年5—9月逐月对青岛世园会园区内的天水水库进行了浮游植物群落结构研究,共发现浮游植物7门42属66种,密度变化范围为18.48×104~427.00×104个/L,优势种为克罗脆杆藻(Fragilaria crotonensis)、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和尖尾蓝隐藻(Chroomonas acuta),监测期间浮游植物密度逐渐升高,均匀度和多样性指数呈下降趋势。聚类结果显示,监测区域大致可按月分为3个浮游植物群落,分别为绿藻型、硅藻-隐藻型、蓝藻型。冗余分析表明,氨氮、CODMn及总氮与水库浮游植物的群落结构关系最为密切。水质评价显示,天水水库水质处于中度污染,营养水平为中营养。     

密云水库浮游藻类和细菌污染现状及趋势分析

为评价密云水库水体富营养化的现状及发展趋势,在水库水面不同方位和不同水深分别布点采样,对水库水质的浮游藻类群落结构、密度和卫生学性状进行了初步监测和评价。结果显示,水体浮游藻类总量有增加趋势,但主要群落结构变化不大,仍以绿藻-硅藻型为主;但蓝藻的比例随水温的增加显著;各项卫生学指标基本在正常范围;同时发现其内湖的蓝藻污染较为严重,对大库区水质形成潜在威胁,应予重视。     

江阴地区主要河道浮游藻类群落特征

2010年9月和2011年1月、4月、7月共4次对江阴6条主要河道的浮游藻类群落特征开展调查分析。共发现浮游藻类7门141属种,种类丰富度和现存量夏秋季高于秋冬季。优势种属呈季节性演替,即冬季梅尼小环藻(Cyclotellameneghiniana)、颗粒直链硅藻(Aulacoseira granulata)-春季梅尼小环藻、啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa)、裸藻属(Euglenaspp.)、衣藻属(Chlamydomonas spp.)、卵囊藻属(Oocystis spp.)-夏季巨颤藻(Oscillatoria princeps)、阿氏浮丝藻(Planktothrixagardhii)-秋季巨颤藻、阿氏浮丝藻、梅尼小环藻。南北向河道(锡澄运河、白屈港河和张家港河)的浮游藻类季节波动性大于东西向河道(应天河、东横河和西横河)。通过指示生物法,调查河道处于α,β-中污染状态。     

基于环境DNA宏条形码的太湖流域底栖动物监测与生态健康评价

大型底栖动物是生态环境监测和评估的主要目标生物类群之一。环境DNA宏条形码技术的发展为提高底栖动物多样性监测的通量、精准性、标准化程度提供了新的机遇,但该方法在我国尚未有流域尺度的应用先例,其结果的可靠性和对生态环境健康状况的指示性有待检验。率先将环境DNA宏条形码技术用于太湖流域65个点位的底栖动物监测和流域生态健康评价,并与同步进行的形态学监测结果进行了比较。结果表明:①环境DNA方法能检出更多的底栖动物类群,在科、属、种水平上检出的分类单元数分别是形态学监测结果的106%、132%、155%;②基于环境DNA技术的检测方法能够很好地识别形态学监测结果中的优势物种,检出的科级、属级分类阶元能够覆盖形态学监测结果中90%以上的生物量和个体数,同时包含60%以上的物种数;③两种方法对同一物种的检出频次显著相关(R²>0.7,P<0.0001),总体检出一致率达72.3%;④在底栖动物完整性指数(B-IBI)方面,环境DNA方法与形态学方法的计算结果显著相关(R²=0.235,P<0.0001),94%的点位的B-IBI等级划分误差在1级以内,且两种方法的计算结果在底栖动物完整性的流域空间格局描绘上高度重合。综上所述,环境DNA宏条形码技术在太湖流域底栖动物群落监测和评价中的整体应用结果表明,环境DNA监测方法结果可靠,将其进一步规模化应用有望显著提高我国水生态系统生物监测结果的准确性和生态健康评价的技术水平。     

漓江桂林市区段浮游藻类群落调查

对漓江流经桂林市区段的4个采样点的浮游藻类进行了调查分析,鉴定出浮游藻类共计7门51属,种类数以绿藻门最多,其次为硅藻门,这2类藻类组成占漓江藻类总数的70%左右。各采样点藻类组成丰富性从北至南逐渐降低。数量上以硅藻门为优势种群,枯水期以绿藻门为优势种群,藻类数量增多,漓江流域常年以舟形藻、异极藻、针杆藻为优势类群,2-3月随着气温回升,绿藻门的角星鼓藻属明显增多。除枯水期外漓江藻类变化不是很明显。数量稳定在1.0×10⁴~1.4×10⁴个/L,枯水期可达到1.4×10⁶个/L。总体来看漓江除冬季枯水期外其余时间水质较好,属于贫营养化到中度营养化水体。     

鄱阳湖平原区农村门塘浮游藻类群落特征及其生物学评价

于2018年—2019年在鄱阳湖区周边选取4个县（区）10个村庄的典型门塘开展浮游藻类采样调查。研究共鉴定出藻类6门83种,以蓝藻门、绿藻门和硅藻门为主;浮游藻类细胞密度全年范围为7.30×104个/L～2.78×1011个/L,年均值为1.4×1010个/L,其中夏季细胞密度最大,冬季细胞密度最小;优势种主要有小环藻、微囊藻、铜绿微囊藻、卵形隐藻等,且具有较为明显的季节演替,全年优势种为小环藻;藻类多样性指数（H′）年均值为1.49,丰富度指数（M）年均值为1.92,全年水体生物学评价结果为中度污染。     

冰封期呼伦湖浮游藻类群落结构及其与水环境因子的关系

为探讨冰封状态下呼伦湖的水生态系统演变过程,2015年12月—2016年3月环湖设置6个采样点进行浮游藻类及湖水水质的监测。浮游藻类以绿藻门Chlorophyta种类最多(52.5%),其次为硅藻门Bacillariophyta(29.8%),蓝藻门Cyanophyta(10.5%)。物种丰富度和3种生物多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数)从12月至次年3月呈下降趋势。浮游藻类丰度自12月至次年3月呈现上升趋势。典范对应分析(CCA)排序结果表明:NH₃-N、TN、TP、电导率、DO、BOD₅、CODMn和pH是影响呼伦湖浮游藻类群落结构特征的主要环境因子,其中,NH₃-N、TN和TP分别对硅藻门、绿藻门和蓝藻门的影响较大。     

鄱阳湖浮游藻类群落特征及与环境因子典范对应分析

通过2018—2019年夏冬季在鄱阳湖布设17个采样点,采样检测浮游藻类和水质参数,并采用典范对应分析法研究该湖浮游藻类群落结构特征及其与环境因子的相互关系。结果表明,两次调查共检测出浮游藻类7门31科58属,浮游藻类丰度范围为3.5×105 L-1～1.15×107 L-1,主要由绿藻门、硅藻门和蓝藻门组成,绿藻门为夏、冬季主要优势种群。典范对应分析结果显示,鄱阳湖冬季湖区水环境空间差异较大,而夏季差异较小;夏季氮磷营养盐和DO是影响浮游藻类群落时空分布的主要环境因子,冬季氮磷营养盐、BOD5和IMn是影响浮游藻类群落时空分布的主要环境因子。     

江阴市主要河流夏季浮游藻类的群落结构及多样性

2011年6—8月采集江阴市6条河流的浮游藻类样品,分析其群落结构及物种多样性,并利用多样性指数、指示性类群和硅藻商对水质进行了生物学评价。共检出浮游藻类6门137属种,平均生物量2.38 mg/L,蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻分别占72.3%、10.2%和8.41%。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数的变幅分别为3.34~3.59、4.75~6.40和0.73~0.75,硅藻商变幅为8.3~16.4。多样性指数评价结果表明,水体处于轻或无污染状态;指示性浮游植物类群和硅藻商评价结果表明,河流处于α中污带-β中污滞-多污滞。相关分析表明,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与理化水质因子不显著相关,与悬浮物SS显著负相关,与总有机碳显著正相关。研究认为,指示性浮游植物类群或硅藻商更适于作为城市河流水质评价的生物指标。     

南阳市饮用水源区生态监测

2012年1月—2013年12月在鸭河口水库设南河店、安庄、库心、坝下4个监测站,在其下游白河盆窑段面设1个监测站,进行水质的生物监测和理化监测。按水样采集标准方法采样,采用营养状态指数法和污水生物系统法对鸭河口水库水质进行营养状态评价。结果表明,浮游藻类有7门40科90属208种(含变种),其硅藻、绿藻和蓝藻所占的百分比依次为57.79%、23.60%和11.62%;浮游藻类污染指示种5门19科25属36种(含变种),中污型藻类指示种占污染指示种的80.56%;浮游动物有28科30属36种(含变种),仅检出1种β-中污型指示种;除总氮超标外,其他理化指标和微生学指标均符合Ⅰ类水质标准。综合评定,南阳市饮用水水源区水质处于中营养状态。     

环境DNA宏条形码监测水生态系统变化与健康状态

开展快速可靠的水生态监测并预测其变化趋势,对保护水生态环境具有重要的价值。近年来,环境DNA宏条形码技术(简称环境DNA技术)的快速发展弥补了传统形态学生物监测的缺陷,显著提升了水生生物群落的监测能力。与机器学习、遥感和云服务等技术结合,环境DNA技术不仅能大尺度、高频率、高灵敏度、自动化地获取生态监测信息,而且能准确地识别水生态系统的变化趋势,进而改变对水生态系统的认识与管理方式。因此,研究着重总结了环境DNA技术在水生态监测中的应用,分析了环境DNA技术与机器学习、卫星遥感等跨学科合作的潜在机遇,基于环境DNA技术简单、便捷的优势,提出了社会公民参与水环境保护的生态监测新思路。     

Application of PCR and probe hybridization techniques in detection of airborne fungal spores in environmental samples

Specific PCR amplification and probe hybridization techniques were applied to examine the compositions of airborne fungi in samples from three different environments. The results from microscopic and CFU counting were compared to those of the molecular-based detections. The detection sensitivity for PCR amplifications was 9 to 73 spores and 1.3 to 19.3 CFUs per PCR reaction. The hybridization detection limit was 2 to 4 spores and 0.2 to 1.2 CFU. The hybridization method was more sensitive than PCR amplification and showed less variation among samples. Using specific PCR primers and probes we identified the presence of several fungal groups and species in the air samples. Specific detections through probe hybridization to PCR products amplified with universal or group-specific fungal primers have promising applications in the examination of air samples for environmental monitoring.     

基于环境DNA技术的江苏省鱼类群落监测应用初探

鱼类是水生生态系统生物多样性的重要组成部分,为了解江苏省地表水监测断面鱼类群落结构特征,利用环境DNA宏条形码技术对2020年4-5月江苏省148个地表水监测断面的鱼类群落进行了调查.在环境DNA样品中共检测到鱼类可操作分类单元(OTU)418个,共注释到10目14科32属46种,其中鲤形目的鱼类有27种,序列占比达8...     

浮游动物DNA宏条形码多样性监测采样方法研究

浮游动物是水生生态系统的重要组成部分,对环境因子敏感,是水生生态健康状况的重要指示生物.基于传统形态学的浮游动物调查方法无法鉴定桡足类幼体,难以准确了解浮游动物群落组成.DNA宏条形码技术基于DNA序列差异识别物种,为浮游动物群落组成的准确解析提供了新方法.比较了不同浮游动物采样方法(直接过滤法和网富集法)对浮游动物D...     

Evaluation of PCR primers and PCR conditions for specific detection of common airborne fungi

We examined the selectivity of 53 sets of primers for environmental monitoring of indoor air quality. Thirty-six fungal strains, representing 26 species from 14 genera of commonly occurring fungi, and 16 different bacterial strains, representing both gram-negative and gram-positive species, were included in the experiment. We verified the specificity of 28 of the 53 sets of primers, which were classified as universal fungal, universal bacterial, group or species specific. The PCR conditions required for optimal specificity were also determined. These results can serve as a guide for the step-wise PCR-based detection and identification of airborne fungi commonly found in indoor environments.     

Diversity of cyanobacterial phylotypes in a Mediterranean drinking water reservoir (Marathonas, Greece)

The structure of the cyanobacterial community in a large drinking water reservoir (Marathonas, Greece) was investigated in October 2007 and September 2008. Cyanobacteria-specific primers were used for the PCR amplification of cyanobacterial 16S rDNAs from three water column sites and the water collection tank. In total, 199 clones were sequenced representing 52 unique cyanobacterial, including chloroplast-related, and 11 non-cyanobacterial phylotypes. All cyanobacterial phylotypes belonged to the order Chroococcales. Cluster analysis showed that the cyanobacterial communities in 2007 in the three water column sites showed high similarity between the stations and low diversity (H?=?1.17???1.44), due to the occurring common phylotypes, while all sites in 2008 had very low similarities between them and higher diversity (H?=?1.56???2.40). Some of the most abundant phylotypes were closely related (>98%) to members of the genus Gloeocapsa and a potentially toxin-producing strain of Microcystis aeruginosa. The non-cyanobacterial phylotypes were either unaffiliated or belonged to the Verrucomicrobia, and were related with sequences originating from lake water habitats.     

Phytoplankton patterns along a series of small man-made reservoirs in Kenya

We studied nine small man-made reservoirs located in different climate regions of Kenya to get an insight into the relationship between phytoplankton community structure and its environment. The investigated ponds form three groups of three reservoirs each found in the rural areas of Machakos district, Mount Kenya region, and Lake Victoria area with varied climatic characteristics. The ponds were sampled in monthly intervals between May 2007 and June 2008 for physicochemical variables including water chemistry, phytoplankton community composition, zooplankton abundance, and bacterial numbers. All ponds were classified as hypertrophic. Seasonal changes were reflected in the phytoplankton pattern, as all ponds showed a community shift after the short dry season in February. Due to high nutrient loads and increased turbidity, Cyanobacteria, which were initially thought to be predominating in all investigated water bodies, were found to play only a minor role except for the Bomet reservoir in Lake Victoria region. Instead, Chloro- and Streptophyta, Dinophyta, and Euglenophyta were abundant in the pelagial. A principal component analysis explained around 85 % of the data variance with four principal components (PCs) interpreted as “location”, “ions”, “zooplankton”, and “particulate matter”. A clear separation of ponds with and without cattle access based on algal species community data was found indicating the need for a sustainable use and regular monitoring program as the local population is largely dependent on these sensitive small-scale ecosystems.     

Monitoring of a Coastal Mediterranean Area: Culturable Bacteria, Phytoplankton, Environmental Factors and their Relationships in the Southern Adriatic Sea

Culturable heterotrophic bacterial and phytoplanktonic densities were investigated at four sites in the Southern Adriatic Sea (Brindisi, S. Cataldo, Otranto and S. M. di Leuca) over an annual cycle. The main phytoplankton groups, the bacterial biodiversity, as well as the faecal contamination indicators were determined. Culturable bacterial numbers averaged 4.8 ± 0.2 log CFU ml⁻¹ whereas phytoplankton numbers averaged 2.1 ± 0.4 log cells ml⁻¹. Relationships between culturable bacteria, phytoplankton and the environmental factors were established. Bacterial and phytoplankton densities usually depended significantly on temperature, dissolved oxygen, phosphate and nitrite only in the S. Cataldo transect. In all the examined transects phytoplankton showed a bloom during the January–February period followed by a bacterial peak during the February–March period. Thus we can suppose that the phytoplankton winter bloom is responsible for the availabily of organic matter for bacterial populations in the following months in this oligotrophic ecosystem.     

实时荧光定量PCR法快速测定水中微囊藻

以铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）16S rRNA基因片段为靶序列设计一对特异性引物,采用Real-time PCR法,对铜绿微囊藻进行定性、定量检测。试验表明,仅含铜绿微囊藻DNA模板的样品有特异性扩增,扩增产物熔解曲线平稳,峰尖且窄,熔解温度为（87±1）℃。以重组质粒pMD-18T-16S为标准品,检测区间为1．1×102 copies/mL～1．1×108 copies/mL,所得标准曲线符合制备实时定量PCR标准曲线的要求,对标准品进行测定,方法检出限为11 copies/mL。用该标准曲线对实验室培养获得的铜绿微囊藻DNA样品进行定量检测,与显微镜计数结果基本一致。