云南镇沅金矿区煌斑岩矿物含量统计及其意义

利用镜下实测法和线性规划法统计了云南镇沅金矿区煌斑岩中矿物的实际含量。据此划分出该区煌斑岩岩石类型；总结出蚀变煌斑岩和矿化煌斑岩的过程中选岩矿物的变化规律；结合质量平衡计算，探讨了煌斑岩蚀交流体和矿化流体的性质。     

过程模拟软件在酸性水单塔汽提工艺中的应用

通过PRO/Ⅱ过程模拟软件对酸性水单塔汽提工艺过程进行模拟,分析冷进料的变化对单塔汽提顶酸性气质量、侧线气组成、净化水质量及蒸汽耗量的影响,根据模拟结果提出优化流程,以期对现场装置的运行和改造提出指导性建议.     

关于岩浆活动在地震过程中的作用的讨论

在我们过去研究唐山和海城地震的基础上，讨论了地壳内岩浆上而与地震前兆、震后效应及其它一些地震现象的关系，认为岩浆的上涌力、热的发散及气体的逸出．是引起地震前兆及其它地发现象的原因，地震过程与岩浆上涌有直接的关系。     

冷连轧机动态过程的数值模拟

在计算机上采用数值分析方法研究轧制过程的动态特性 ,是轧钢智能发展的重要趋势。本套软件开发采用C++语言 ,对冷连轧动态过程进行数值模拟 ,给出在出现干扰量(如来料厚度波动 )及控制量 (如辊缝波动 )时 ,主要工艺参数 (如轧制压力、张力 )及厚度延时仿真结果 ,对过程自动控制系统具有十分重要的意义。     

地下水环境影响评价中污染物运移模拟软件的适宜性评估

目前国内外已发展了一系列成熟的地下水污染物运移模拟软件,但是软件功能各异,易造成使用者的选择困扰.为满足HJ 610—2016《环境影响评价技术导则地下水环境》（简称“《导则》”）中关于环境影响预测工作精细化的要求,对国内外常用饱和带和包气带污染物运移模拟软件的适宜性进行了评估.首先,针对三款常用饱和带污染物运移模拟软件BIOSCREEN、AT123D和MT3D,基于理想算例对比4组水动力条件设置下的计算结果,分析软件的适宜性;其次,针对《导则》中暂未给出的包气带污染物运移模拟软件,以FEMWATER为例探讨了包气带阻滞作用对于地下水环境影响评价的重要性.结果表明:①BIOSCREEN由于忽略了分子扩散作用,当Pe（Peclet数）为0.25×10-3时,其预测的污染源下游10 m处污染物浓度为AT123D和MT3D计算值的1.8倍,存在高估污染风险的可能.②相比污染源直接设置于潜水面的情景,污染物从距潜水面11 m的地表泄露,经过包气带后污染源强降低了24%,下游85 m处污染物浓度达到0.1 mg/L的时间延迟了390 d.③当地下水流速较慢,分子扩散作用相比对流作用占优势时,适用MT3D开展数值模拟或者采用AT123D进行解析预测;当对流作用占优势且水文地质条件接近解析解假设时,可利用BIOSCREEN粗估污染风险.研究显示,包气带污染物运移模拟软件有助于合理地预测污染物在地下水环境中的运移转化行为,从而更准确地估计污染源强和判定地下水环境污染风险.      

核电厂地下水数值模拟软件Visual Modflow与Fluidyn-Pollusol的比较分析

Visual Modflow与Fluidyn-Pollusol都是用于核电厂地下水数值模拟的软件,本文从两个软件的模型原理,模型的离散形式,网格划分以及软件性能等方面进行对比分析,指出两软件具有的异同点,供研究者根据自己的需求选取不同的软件进行模拟分析。     

圆锥形薄壁件成形过程及性能的数值模拟

采用了ANSYS有限元分析软件对圆锥形薄壁件成形过程进行了数值模拟,分析了冲压过程中两类失效形式产生的原因,并提出了相应的解决办法。     

污水处理厂活性污泥工艺设计中模拟软件的应用

在测定入流组分的基础上,应用活性污泥模拟器辅助设计了拟建的西安市第四污水处理厂生物处理系统,结果表明:用数学模型法比用污泥负荷法设计污水处理厂更具有可靠性和科学性。     

边界层方案对华北一次污染过程模拟的影响

采用WRF模式中YSU、MYJ和ACM2 3种边界层参数化方案,利用WRF模式和空气质量模式CAMx对2015年11月11~15日发生在京津冀地区的一次污染过程进行了模拟,同时利用地面气象要素、风廓线、秒探空和空气质量观测数据对3种参数化方案下的模拟结果进行了验证对比.一种基于临界垂直湍流交换系数确定边界高度的方法被用于对比3种参数化方案之间垂直扩散能力的差异.结果表明,MYJ方案对10m风速高估最大（平均高估0.66m/s）,对2m温度和2m湿度低估最小,YSU和ACM2方案对地面气象要素的模拟效果相近;ACM2方案对于边界层内垂直廓线模拟效果优于YSU和MYJ方案,但是3种参数化方案对边界层内风速均存在高估（高估可达2.6m/s）;基于临界垂直湍流交换系数方法定义的边界层高度更能反映大气的垂直扩散能力,MYJ方案边界层高度最小,其模拟的PM_2.5浓度最高;MYJ方案对于地面风速的高估,会降低模拟的区域整体PM_2.5浓度,但是会增加风速较大区域下风向的PM_2.5浓度;ACM2方案对边界层垂直廓线模拟最好,夜间底层垂直湍流交换系数计算值较大,使得ACM2方案对于本次过程中PM_2.5等污染物的模拟优于MYJ和YSU方案.     

基于无人机探空和数值模拟天津一次重污染过程分析

污染发生在边界层中,边界层热力和动力垂直结构对重污染天气形成有显著影响.本文基于无人机探空、地基遥感观测和数值模式,开展天津地区2019年1月10~15日重污染过程期间边界层垂直结构及污染成因分析,以期加强北方沿海城市边界层过程对重污染影响规律认知,提升重污染天气预报预警准确率.结果表明：大气温度层结对重污染天气形成、持续和消散有显著影响,此次过程伴随逆温层的发展和消散,PM_2.5高浓度区白天向大气上层发展,高度可达300 m以上,夜间向近地面压缩,高度在100 m左右;雾天气出现并在白天维持,改变了边界层垂直结构特征,雾顶逆温的持续存在抑制了污染物向大气上层扩散,使得白天湍流垂直混合过程贡献明显下降,导致近地面重污染天气维持和发展;过程期间区域输送贡献率为66.6%,边界层垂直结构与重污染天气区域输送密切相关,区域污染物输送高度主要出现在边界层顶部以及雾顶逆温层以上的大风速层处,且随着边界层和雾顶抬升高度的变化,通过下沉运动影响地面,形成北部弱高压天气控制下静稳天气区域输送;边界层垂直结构影响冷空气对空气质量的改善效果,S3阶段雾顶的强逆温导致冷空气无法通过湍流切应力传导到地面,在高低空存在明显的风速差,冷空气影响地面时间延后,作用减弱,重污染天气无法彻底缓解.     

云南省公路路域绿化护坡植物的生态区划与选择

在参考前人研究工作的基础上,以水热因素的地域分异规律为依据,以整体植被景观为参照,以局部环境背景为基础,以有利于公路建设、参考行政区划确定区域界线的原则,将云南全省公路路域分为滇西北北温带寒温针叶林、亚高山草甸区等7个区,西部高山峡谷杉木林、稀疏灌木草丛亚区等17个亚区,德钦维西长苞冷杉、川滇杜鹃、白刺花、扭黄茅、狐茅小区等30个小区.一级分区的7大生态地理单元从宏观上反映了云南全省从东到西、从南到北气候和植被类型的经向、纬向地带性及各生态区域的海拔梯度、地貌特点及土壤类型;二级分区的17个亚区综合反映了一级分区内局部生境的地形地貌特征及微地形环境影响下的植物组合类型;三级分区的30个小区概括反映了全省地县市级行政区域界限与主要护坡绿化植物分布区域的叠合关系.根据植物物种的生态适应性和物种特性,甄别选择了适于不同生态小区环境背景下生长的乔、灌、草等绿化护坡植物.     

室内空气污染预测方法的实证研究

在大型(30m3)、小型(1m3)环境箱实验获得数据的基础上构建释放模型,并将模拟结果和现场监测得到的浓度水平进行对比,对开发的室内空气污染预测方法进行了实证研究.以一新装修房间为例,分别利用大型和小型环境箱实验,研究了复杂整装材料和简单层状材料的释放规律,建立了相应材料的污染物释放模型;依据单元内物质守恒理论和污染物充分混合的假设将释放模型组合,建立了室内空气污染预测方法,并预测了该房间甲醛和TVOC(total volatile organic compounds)浓度的变化过程.在考虑了0.03ACH(air change per hour)的换气率之后,模型预测与现场监测的污染物浓度变化趋势基本吻合,甲醛和TVOC污染预测误差(正则化标准差)分别为2.8%和1.6%.模型分析表明,各污染源对于甲醛污染的贡献,家具＞涂料＞地板;对于TVOC污染的贡献,涂料＞地板＞家具.结论表明,该预测方法可以真实反映现场污染物浓度变化趋势,可以用来分析各污染源对于整体污染的贡献、指导装修材料的选择和作为室内污染评估和控制的有效工具.     

Synthesis, characterization and application of ZnO-Ag as a nanophotocatalyst for organic compounds degradation, mechanism and economic study

The current work deals with ZnO-Ag nanocomposites (in the wide range of x in the Zn_1 − xO-Ag_x chemical composition) synthesized using microwave assisted solution combustion method. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the samples were characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectrometry), SEM (scanning electron microscopy technique), EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectrum), ICP (inductively coupled plasma technique), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method), UV–Vis (ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer) and photoluminescence spectrophotometer. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnO-Ag was investigated by photo-degradation of Acid Blue 113 (AB 113) under UV illumination in a semi-batch reactor. This experiment showed that ZnO-Ag has much more excellent photocatalytic properties than ZnO synthesized by the same method. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was due to the decrease in recombination of photogenerated electron-holes. The results showed the improvement of ZnO photocatalytic activity and there is an optimum amount of Ag (3.5 mol%) that needs to be doped with ZnO. The effect of operating parameters such as pH, catalyst dose and dye concentration were investigated. The reaction byproducts were identified by LC/MS (liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry) analysis and a pathway was proposed as well. Kinetic studies indicated that the decolorization process follows the first order kinetics. Also, the degradation percentage of AB 113 was determined using a total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer. Additionally, cost analysis of the process, the mechanism and the role of Ag were discussed.     

Economy-wide impacts of climate change: a joint analysis for sea level rise and tourism

While climate change impacts on human life have well defined and different origins, the interactions among the diverse impacts are not yet fully understood. Their final effects, however, especially those involving social-economic responses, are likely to play an important role. This paper is one of the first attempts to disentangle and highlight the role of these interactions. It focuses on the economic assessment of two specific climate change impacts: sea-level rise and changes in tourism flows. By using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model the two impacts categories are first analysed separately and then jointly. Considered separately, in 2050, the forecasted 25 cm. of sea level rise imply a GDP loss ranging from (−) 0.1% in South East Asia to almost no loss in Canada, while redistribution of tourism flows – which in terms of arrivals favours Western Europe, Japan, Korea and Canada and penalises all the other world regions – triggers GDP losses ranging from (−) 0.5% in Small Island States to (−) 0.0004% in Canada. GDP gainers are Australia, New Zealand, Western Europe, Middle East and South Asia. The impact of sea level rise and tourism were simulated jointly and the results compared with those of the two disjoint simulations. From a qualitative point of view, the joint effects are similar to the outcomes of the disjoint exercises; from a quantitative perspective, however, impact interaction does play a significant role. In six cases out of 16 there is a detectable (higher than 2% and peaking to 70%) difference between the sum of the outcomes in the disjoint simulation and the outcomes of the joint simulations. Moreover, the relative contribution of each single impact category has been disentangled from the final result. In the case under scrutiny, demand shocks induced by changes in tourism flows outweigh the supply-side shock induced by the loss of coastal land.

Modelling individual preferences for environmental policy drivers: Empirical evidence of Italian lifestyle changes using a latent class approach

Degraded air quality severely affects the health of citizens worldwide. The design of effective policies requires exploring public preferences for environmental and air quality policy instruments. Within the EC-FP7 SEFIRA project, using a choice experiment that stresses the trade-offs between attributes, this study investigates public preferences for environmental policy drivers in Italy. The main objective is to investigate the role played by selected policy drivers in determining policy preferences, complemented by elasticity and willingness to pay estimations. Preference heterogeneity and the role of socio-economic and attitudinal variables are explored with a latent class model over 2400 respondents sampled across Italy. The results allow identifying the different role played by the policy drivers across the classes. It emerged that most of the respondents (43%) are particularly sensitive to the cost components (cost sensitive respondents). The remaining respondents instead show an important sensitivity towards personal engagement in term of changes in the mobility and eating habits (lifestyle-change sensitive respondents). However, while 29% of them perceive these habits’ changes as negatively impacting on the personal utility, the other 28% of respondents translate the potential changes in the habitual behaviour of driving and eating as environmental and health benefits. Based on the modelling results, potential policies are simulated reporting respondents’ reaction to selected scenarios. It shows the crucial role played by reduction of premature deaths due to atmospheric pollution and measure cost.     

多氨基树脂的制备表征及其对水中酚类化合物的吸附机制

通过沉淀聚合法制备了三交联型的聚马来酸酐树脂(Polymaleic anhydride resin,PMAR),然后氨化接枝得到系列衍生的多氨基树脂,并采用红外光谱(FTIR)、Zeta电位、元素分析、扫描电镜(SEM)和N₂吸附/解吸(BET)等手段对其进行了表征.对系列多氨基树脂的吸附性能进行比较发现,该系列树脂对4-硝基苯酚(4-NP)的吸附能力随氨基数量的增加而增加,其中以氨基数最多的四亚甲基五胺修饰的聚马来酸酐树脂PMAR-VA吸附性能最好.在各种酚类化合物中,PMAR-VA树脂对4-NP具有较高的选择性.同时,研究了树脂投加量、溶液pH、离子强度等因素对水中4-N吸附性能的影响,并对吸附过程进行了吸附动力学模拟,发现吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型.Langmuir等温吸附模型可以很好地描述PMAR-VA对溶液中4-NP的吸附过程,最大吸附量为77.1 mg·g^-1(pH=6.0和25 ℃).吸附热力学结果表明,4-NP在PMAR-VA上的吸附是一个自发的物理吸附过程,其吸附机制主要为静电吸引和氢键.脱附再生实验发现,0.2 mol·L^-1 NaOH溶液脱附效果最优.经5次循环再生使用,PMAR-VA树脂的吸附性能没有明显下降.     

含未检出值的环境监测数据集的处理方法

环境样品分析过程中经常遇到包含未检出值的数据集,这在对含有微量金属和微量有机污染物样本的分析研究中更为常见.目前处理未检出数据的方法通常是忽略或者用0、检出下限的1/2或1/3进行简单替代.然而,当未检出数据比例较高时,忽略或简单替代可能给数据表征带来较大偏差,也不利于更深入的统计分析.为改善对包含未检出数据的分析效果,目前已经建立了多种统计方法.本文系统介绍了这些方法,包括总体均值和方差估计的参数和非参数方法以及关于均值的95%置信区间上界的估计方法.此外,本文利用虚拟数据和实测数据给出了主要方法的应用实例.