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1.
Lee CS Lim YW Kim HH Yang JY Shin DC 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(5):1629-1639
Background, aim, and scope
The purpose of this study was to monitor and present the heavy metal concentrations in the blood of residents of areas near municipal waste incinerators (MWIs), who are more prone to environmental pollution. We also sought to compare and analyze the residents?? perception of environmental pollution as one of the factors affecting heavy metal concentrations in the blood using a survey about the perceived damage caused by the facilities. Since heavy metal levels in the blood can be affected not only by local environmental pollution but also by personal and occupational factors, heavy metal levels in the blood need to be verified and consistently monitored.Methods
Residents who live within 300?m of MWIs in Seoul are acknowledged to be under indirect influence according to the Waste Disposal Act. A survey was given to 841 residents living within 300?m of a MWI from 2006 to 2009. The concentrations of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, and mercury) in the blood were measured in the 841 surveyed residents and in 105 residents in reference areas. Additionally, the perception of the damage caused by municipal waste incinerators was investigated using scores from 1 to 5 on a Likert scale.Results
The measurements of the heavy metal concentrations in the blood showed that the mean concentrations of lead, cadmium, and mercury were 43.1, 1.7, and 1.3?ug/L, respectively. The blood levels of lead and cadmium were slightly higher in the group of the subjects who had resided the longest near the municipal waste incinerators. When compared with the domestic investigation by the Ministry of Environment, the concentrations of lead and cadmium were a little higher, while that of mercury was a little lower. Overall, there was no significant difference in the distribution of heavy metal levels in the blood among age groups. Additionally, the investigation of the perceived damage from municipal waste incinerators showed that the subjects 相似文献2.
Men HF Liu HQ Zhang ZL Huang J Zhang J Zhai YY Li L 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(6):2271-2280
Introduction
Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation and then were coated with SiO2 on the surface.Materials and methods
Fe3O4@SiO2 composite microspheres were modified by KH570. Using molecular imprinting technology, atrazine magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared by using atrazine as template molecule, methacrylic acid as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linkers. The morphology, composition and magnetic properties of magnetic nanoparticles were characterized. The recognition selectivity of polymer was studied for template molecule and simulation by UV spectrophotometry. The adsorption properties and selectivity ability were analyzed by Scatchard analysis.Results
Scatchard linear regression analysis indicated that there are two binding sites of the target molecules. The magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer has been applied to the analysis of atrazine in real samples.Conclusion
The results show that: the recovery rates and the relative standard deviation were 94.0??98.7% and 2.1??4.0% in corn, the recovery rates and the relative standard deviation were 88.7??93.5% and 2.8??7.2% in water. 相似文献3.
Materazzi S Canepari S Aquili S 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(8):3292-3298
Introduction
The copper bioaccumulation by the floating Lemna minor and by the completely submerged Ranunculus tricophyllus as a function of exposure time and copper concentration was studied, with the aim of proposing these species as environmental biosensors of the water pollution.Results
The results show that both these aquatic angiosperms are good indicators of copper pollution because the copper uptake is the only function of metal concentration (water pollution).Conclusion
Uptake behavior is reported as a function of the time and concentration, based on the results of a 3-year study. Kinetic evaluations are proposed. 相似文献4.
Eeva T Sillanpää S Lehikoinen E 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,19(7):2870-2878
Purpose
We measured offspring sex ratios in a resident insectivorous passerine bird, the Great tit Parus major, to find out whether metal pollution around a Finnish copper smelter would bias sex ratios in this territorial forest bird species. Besides a direct effect of pollutants, we were interested in possible indirect effects of pollution-related resource limitation, i.e., changes in food quality and quantity, on sex ratio.Methods
We manipulated the diet quantity and quality (carotenoid levels) of P. major nestlings in polluted and unpolluted environments to find out if variation in dietary resource levels has any effect on fledgling sex ratios. Faecal metal levels of nestlings were analysed to monitor the level of pollution exposure at each territory. Near the time of fledging (at the age of 15 days), feather samples were collected for molecular sex determination.Results
We did not find any association between metal exposure levels and offspring sex ratio, and thus, our results do not support the hypothesis that metal pollution would have direct effects on P. major offspring sex ratio. We found that, irrespective of pollution level, high nestling mortality was associated with male-biased sex ratio, most likely due to sex-specific mortality. Our feeding treatment, however, showed no significant effects on offspring sex ratio, possibly because natural variation in food availability outweighed the effect of our food manipulation on nestling mortality.Conclusions
We conclude that metal exposure at the levels found in our study area does not bias fledgling sex ratios in this species, but biased sex ratios may follow under natural or pollution-related resource limitation. 相似文献5.
Heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn) concentrations in seven fish species in relation to fish size and location along the Yangtze River 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Purpose
The objective of this paper is to assess the regulation of the accumulation of heavy metals in the aquatic environment and different fish species.Methods
Water and fish samples were collected from upper to lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn) concentrations in the muscle tissue of seven fishes were measured. Additionally, the relationships between heavy metal concentrations in fish tissue and fish size (length and weight), condition factor, water layer distribution, and trophic level were investigated.Results
Metal concentrations (milligrams per kilogram wet weight) were found to be distributed differently among different fish species. The highest concentrations of Cu (1.22?mg/kg) and Zn (7.55?mg/kg) were measured in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the highest concentrations of Cd (0.115?mg/kg) and Hg (0.0304?mg/kg) were measured in Silurus asotus, and the highest concentrations of Pb (0.811?mg/kg) and Cr (0.239?mg/kg) were measured in Carassius auratus and Cyprinus carpio. A positive relationship was found between fish size and metal level in most cases. The variance of the relationships may be the result of differences in habitat, swimming behavior, and metabolic activity. In this study, fishes living in the lower water layer and river bottom had higher metals concentrations than in upper and middle layers. Benthic carnivorous and euryphagous fish had higher metals concentrations than phytoplankton and herbivorous fish. Generally, fish caught from the lower reach had higher metals concentrations than those from the upper reach.Conclusions
Cadmium and lead concentrations in several fishes exceeded the permissible food consumption limits, this should be considered to be an important warning signal. 相似文献6.
Heavy metals of the Tibetan top soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sheng J Wang X Gong P Tian L Yao T 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(8):3362-3370
Objective
Due to its high elevation, rare human activities and proximity to south Asia where industries are highly developed, it is required to investigate the fragile environment of the Tibetan Plateau. We are aiming to obtain the concentration level, source, spatial distribution, temporal variation and potential environmental risk of Tibetan soils.Methods
A total of 128 surf ace soil samples were collected and analyzed f or V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb, and an additional 111 samples were analyzed f or Hg and total organic carbon. Concentration comparisons coupled with multivariate statistics were used to analysis the sources of elements of soils. We also carried out Risk assessment on the soils.Results
Concentrations of Hg, Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb are slightly higher than those of the late 1970s. Concentrations of Cr and Ni are higher than averaged world background values. Tibetan soils present a high natural As concentration level.Discussion
Anthropogenic sources may partly contribute to the elevated Hg, Cd and Pb concentrations. Cr and Ni are mainly originated from soil parent materials. Soil elements in Anduo and Qamdo regions may threaten the health of local people.Conclusion
Heavy metal elements of Tibetan Plateau are mainly from the natural source. Arsenic present a high background level. Soil elements in Anduo and Qamdo regions may threaten the health of local people, which should be of concern to scientists and the government. 相似文献7.
Yu Shi Zhanbin Huang Xiujie Liu Suheryani Imran Licheng Peng Rongji Dai Yulin Deng 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(7):6168-6178
Heavy metal pollution is a severe environmental problem. Remediation of contaminated soils can be accomplished using environmental materials that are low cost and environmentally friendly. We evaluated the individual and combination effects of humic acid (HA), super absorbent polymer (SAP), zeolite (ZE), and fly ash composites (FC) on immobilization of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in contaminated soils. We also investigated long-term practical approaches for remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil. The biochemical and morphological properties of maize (Zea mays L.) were selected as biomarkers to assess the effects of environmental materials on heavy metal immobilization. The results showed that addition of test materials to soil effectively reduced heavy metal accumulation in maize foliage, improving chlorophyll levels, plant growth, and antioxidant enzyme activity. The test materials reduced heavy metal injury to maize throughout the growth period. A synergistic effect from combinations of different materials on immobilization of Pb and Cd was determined based on the reduction of morphological and biochemical injuries to maize. The combination of zeolite and humic acid was especially effective. Treatment with a combination of HA?+?SAP?+?ZE?+?FC was superior for remediation of soils contaminated with high levels of Pb and Cd. 相似文献
8.
Removal of Cu, Zn, and Cd from aqueous solutions by the dairy manure-derived biochar 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Xiaoyun Xu Xinde Cao Ling Zhao Hailong Wang Hongran Yu Bin Gao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(1):358-368
Purpose
Biochar derived from waste biomass is now gaining much attention for its function as a biosorbent for environmental remediation. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of biochar as a sorbent in removing Cd, Cu, and Zn from aqueous solutions.Methods
Biochar was produced from dairy manure (DM) at two temperatures: 200°C and 350°C, referred to as DM200 and DM350, respectively. The obtained biochars were then equilibrated with 0–5 mM Cu, Zn or Cd in 0.01 M NaNO3 solution for 10 h. The changes in solution metal concentrations after sorption were evaluated for sorption capacity using isotherm modeling and chemical speciation Visual MINTEQ modeling, while the solid was collected for species characterization using infrared spectroscopy and X-ray elemental dot mapping techniques.Results
The isotherms of Cu, Zn, and Cd sorption by DM200 were better fitted to Langmuir model, whereas Freundlich model well described the sorption of the three metals by DM350. The DM350 were more effective in sorbing all three metals than DM200 with both biochars had the highest affinity for Cu, followed by Zn and Cd. The maximum sorption capacities of Cu, Zn, and Cd by DM200 were 48.4, 31.6, and 31.9 mg g?1, respectively, and those of Cu, Zn, and Cd by DM350 were 54.4, 32.8, and 51.4 mg g?1, respectively. Sorption of the metals by the biochar was mainly attributed to their precipitation with PO 4 3? or CO 3 2? originating in biochar, with less to the surface complexation through –OH groups or delocalized π electrons. At the initial metal concentration of 5 mM, 80–100 % of Cu, Zn, and Cd retention by DM200 resulted from the precipitation, with less than 20 % from surface adsorption through phenonic –OH complexation. Among the precipitation, 20–30 % of the precipitation occurred as metal phosphate and 70–80 % as metal carbonate. For DM350, 75–100 % of Cu, Zn, and Cd retention were due to the precipitation, with less than 25 % to surface adsorption through complexation of heavy metal by phenonic –OH site or delocalized π electrons. Among the precipitation, only less than 10 % of the precipitation was present as metal phosphate and more than 90 % as metal carbonate.Conclusions
Results indicated that dairy manure waste can be converted into value-added biochar as a sorbent for sorption of heavy metals, and the mineral components originated in the biochar play an important role in the biochar's high sorption capacity. 相似文献9.
Adsorption of Remazol Red 198 onto magnetic N-lauryl chitosan particles: equilibrium, kinetics, reuse and factorial design 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Debrassi A Baccarin T Demarchi CA Nedelko N Ślawska-Waniewska A Dłużewski P Bilska M Rodrigues CA 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(5):1594-1604
Purpose
The discharge of colored effluents from industries is an important environmental issue and it is indispensable to remove the dyes before the water gets back to the rivers. The magnetic adsorbents present the advantage of being easily separated from the aqueous system after adsorption by positioning an external magnetic field.Methods
Magnetic N-lauryl chitosan (L-Cht/??-Fe2O3) particles were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Remazol Red 198 (RR198) was used as a reactive dye model for adsorption on L-Cht/??-Fe2O3. The adsorption isotherms were performed at 25°C, 35°C, 45°C, and 55°C and the process was optimized using a 23 factorial design (analyzed factors: pH, ionic strength, and temperature). The desorption and regeneration studies were performed in a three times cycle.Results
The characterization of the material indicated that the magnetic particles were introduced into the polymeric matrix. The pseudo-second order was the best model for explaining the kinetics and the Langmuir?CFreundlich was the best-fitted isotherm model. At room temperature, the maximum adsorption capacity was 267?mg?g?1. The material can be reused, but with a decrease in the amount of adsorbed dye.Conclusions
L-Cht/??-Fe2O3 is a promising material to remove RR198 and probably other similar reactive dyes from aqueous effluents. 相似文献10.
Teodor Velea Liliana Gherghe Vasile Predica Rolf Krebs 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(1):27-32
Background, aim, and scope
Heavy metals such as lead are well known to cause harmful health effects. Especially children are particularly susceptible to increased levels of lead in their blood. It is also a fact that lead concentration is increasing in the environment due to increased anthropogenic activity. The risk of heavy metal contamination is pronounced in the environment adjacent to large industrial complexes. In a combined case study, the environmental pollution by heavy metals was related to children’s health in the vicinity of an industrial area located 4 km south-east from Bucharest about 2 km east from the nearest town—Pantelimon. This site includes companies processing different, nonferrous solid wastes for recovery of heavy metals and producing different nonferrous alloys and lead batteries. In this paper, mainly the results of environmental sampling and analyses are summarized.Materials and methods
Water, soil, and atmospheric deposition samples were collected from different locations within 3 km from the industrial area. For comparison, samples were also taken from Bucharest. Water samples were filtered (<0.45 μm), extracted by salpetric acid, and quantified by ICP-OES and ICP-MS. Soil samples were dried, sieved (<2 mm), extracted by aqua regia and analyzed by AAS. In order to quantify the atmospheric deposition, three kinds of permanently open collecting pots were used on nine different sites between August and November 2006.Results
At most sampling locations, the heavy metal concentrations in soil decrease with increasing distance to the presumably major source of pollution. Highest heavy metal concentrations were found in 10–20 cm soil depths. There were also decreasing heavy metal concentrations for atmospheric deposition with increasing distance to the industrial site. In surface and groundwater samples, traces of zinc, copper and lead were detected.Discussion
The heavy metal concentrations in soil were increased in the study area, mostly under legal action limits in low-concern areas (e.g., 1,000 mg Pb/kg dry soil), but often above action limits for high-concern areas (100 mg Pb/kg dry soil) such as populated areas. The soluble lead concentrations in water samples indicate a need for monitoring and assessing water quality in more detail. The results for atmospheric deposition showed increased dust precipitation and heavy metal loads in the study area compared to Bucharest. However, based on mass flow balance calculations, the actual atmospheric deposition of heavy metals must be much lower than it was in the past decades.Conclusions
It was shown that highest lead values in water, soil and atmospheric deposition are rather to be found near the investigated industrial site than at the control sites in Bucharest. Our results correspond very well with results that show that children from Pantelimon have significantly increased lead concentrations in their blood compared to children in Bucharest. The increased lead contamination around the investigated industrial area is likely to have caused the increased exposure for children living in Pantelimon.Recommendations and perspectives
In high-concern areas, such as found in populated areas, further measures have to be taken to avoid health risks for people living in these areas. The measures already taken to reduce emissions from the industrial site will help to avoid further increases in heavy metal concentrations. In areas with exceeded action limits, measures have to be taken as required by law. Detailed risk assessments could help to take necessary actions to protect public health in this area. The public should be informed about the potential hazards of eating plants grown in that area. Educational programs for schools, informing children about the contamination, should lead to a better understanding of environmental problems and a more sustainable behavior in the future.11.
Inmaculada Riba López Judit Kalman Carlos Vale Julián Blasco 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(9):1519-1528
Background, aim and scope
The influence of pH (range 6.5–8.5) on the uptake of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, Hg, and As by juveniles of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum was examined in order to understand whether variation in sediment pH has significant repercussions on metal bioaccumulation.Materials and methods
Clams were exposed to sediments collected in three locations in the Gulf of Cadiz (Huelva, Guadalquivir and Bay of Cadiz) and to contaminated particles derived from an accidental mining spill in Spain.Results
With a notable exception of metal Cd, the concentration of metals within clams significantly increased (p?<?0.1) when sediment pH was lowered by one or two units. Moreover, the magnitude of this effect was dependent on the type of sediment contamination.Discussion
Lower pH increases metal solubility and reduces or invert the metal sorption of metals to sediments. Increases in free metal ions in water favors metal uptake by clams, hence pH is an important factor controlling the mobility of these metals within sediments and their subsequent bioaccumulation within biota. Although sediment-water exchange of Cd can increase with acidification, this excess may be counterbalanced by the presence of ligands in seawater preventing the uptake by organism. Besides chlorines, Cd has also an affinity with carbonates and other ligands present in sea water. These Cd-carbonate complexes may reduce the bioavailable to organisms.Conclusions
These results highlight the potential implications of sediment acidification, either due to the storage excess of organic matter or to the forced capture of CO2, on the increasing metal availability to benthic organisms.Recommendations and perspectives
This kind of studies should be increased to address the influence of acidification in the behavior, bioavailability, toxicity, and risk assessment of contaminants associated with sediments either above sub-seabed geological formations in marine environments or in high enriched by organic matter in estuarine areas. Recently, the capture of CO2 in marine environments has been approved and started; it is necessary to address the potential impacts associated with leakages or other events occurring during the procedure of injection and storage of CO2. 相似文献12.
Friend AJ Ayoko GA Jayaratne ER Jamriska M Hopke PK Morawska L 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,19(7):2942-2950
Purpose
To investigate the significance of sources around measurement sites, assist the development of control strategies for the important sources and mitigate the adverse effects of air pollution due to particle size.Methods
In this study, sampling was conducted at two sites located in urban/industrial and residential areas situated at roadsides along the Brisbane Urban Corridor. Ultrafine and fine particle measurements obtained at the two sites in June?CJuly 2002 were analysed by positive matrix factorization.Results
Six sources were present, including local traffic, two traffic sources, biomass burning and two currently unidentified sources. Secondary particles had a significant impact at site 1, while nitrates, peak traffic hours and main roads located close to the source also affected the results for both sites.Conclusions
This significant traffic corridor exemplifies the type of sources present in heavily trafficked locations and future attempts to control pollution in this type of environment could focus on the sources that were identified. 相似文献13.
Abbas Hamid Sulaymon Shahlaa Esmail Ebrahim Mohanad Jasim Mohammed-Ridha 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(1):175-187
Purpose
Heavy metals are toxic pollutants released into the environment as a result of different industrial activities. Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions is a new technology for the treatment of industrial wastewater. The aim of the present research is to highlight the basic biosorption theory to heavy metal removal.Materials and methods
Heterogeneous cultures mostly dried anaerobic bacteria, yeast (fungi), and protozoa were used as low-cost material to remove metallic cations Pb(II), Cr(III), and Cd(II) from synthetic wastewater. Competitive biosorption of these metals was studied.Results
The main biosorption mechanisms were complexation and physical adsorption onto natural active functional groups. It is observed that biosorption of these metals was a surface process. The main functional groups involved in these processes were hydroxyl (–OH) and carboxylic groups (C=O) with 37, 52, and 31 and 21, 14, and 34 % removal of Pb(II), Cr(III), and Cd(II), respectively. Langmuir was the best model for a single system. While extended Langmuir was the best model for binary and ternary metal systems. The maximum uptake capacities were 54.92, 34.78, and 29.99 mg/g and pore diffusion coefficients were 7.23, 3.15, and 2.76?×?10?11 m2/s for Pb(II), Cr(III), and Cd(II), respectively. Optimum pH was found to be 4. Pseudo-second-order was the best model to predict the kinetic process. Biosorption process was exothermic and physical in nature.Conclusions
Pb(II) offers the strongest component that is able to displace Cr(III) and Cd(II) from their sites, while Cd(II) ions are the weakest adsorbed component. 相似文献14.
Li P Wang X Allinson G Li X Stagnitti F Murray F Xiong X 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(7):1090-1097
Background
Open-top chambers were used to study the impact of simultaneous exposure to atmospheric SO2 pollution and heavy metal contamination in soils on the metal contents and productivity of soybean plant. 相似文献15.
Effects of phosphorus amendments and plant growth on the mobility of Pb, Cu, and Zn in a multi-metal-contaminated soil 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Fang Y Cao X Zhao L 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(5):1659-1667
Purpose
Phosphorus amendments have been widely and successfully used in immobilization of one single metal (e.g., Pb) in contaminated soils. However, application of P amendments in the immobilization of multiple metals and particularly investigations about the effects of planting on the stability of the initially P-induced immobilized metals in the contaminated soils are far limited.Methods
This study was conducted to determine the effects of phosphate rock tailing (PR), triple superphosphate fertilizer (TSP), and their combination (P+T) on mobility of Pb, Cu, and Zn in a multimetal-contaminated soil. Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) (metal-sensitive) and Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey) (metal-resistant) were introduced to examine the effects of planting on leaching of Pb, Cu, and Zn in the P-amended soils.Results
All three P treatments greatly reduced CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn by 55.2?C73.1% and 14.3?C33.6%, respectively. The PR treatment decreased CaCl2-extractable Cu by 27.8%, while the TSP and P+T treatments increased it by 47.2% and 44.4%, respectively. All three P treatments were effective in reducing simulated rainwater leachable Pb, with dissolved and total leachable Pb decrease by 15.6?C81.9% and 16.3?C64.5%, respectively. The PR treatment reduced the total leachable Zn by 16.8%, while TSP and P+T treatments increased Zn leaching by 92.7% and 78.9%, respectively. However, total Cu leaching were elevated by 17.8?C178% in all P treatments. Planting promoted the leaching of Pb and Cu by 98.7?C127% and 23.5?C170%, respectively, especially in the colloid fraction, whereas the leachable Zn was reduced by 95.3?C96.5% due to planting. The P treatments reduced the uptake of Pb, Cu, and Zn in the aboveground parts of Chinese cabbage by up to 65.1%, 34.3%, and 9.59%, respectively. Though P treatments were effective in reducing Zn concentrations in the aboveground parts of the metal-resistant Chinese kale by 22.4?C28.9%, they had little effect on Pb and Cu uptake.Conclusions
The results indicated that all P treatments were effective in immobilizing Pb. The effect on the immobilization of Cu and Zn varied with the different P treatments and evaluation methods. Metal-sensitive plants are more responsive to the P treatments than metal-resistant plants. Planting affects leaching of metals in the P-amended soils, specially leaching of colloid fraction. The conventional assessment on leaching risks of heavy metals by determining dissolved metals (filtered through 0.45-??m pore size membrane) in leachates could be underestimated since colloid fraction may also contribute to the leaching. 相似文献16.
Tovar-Sánchez E Cervantes LT Martínez C Rojas E Valverde M Ortiz-Hernández ML Mussali-Galante P 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(5):1677-1686
Background
Contamination with heavy metals is among the most hazardous environmental concerns caused by mining activity. A valuable tool for monitoring these effects is the use of sentinel organisms. Particularly, small mammals living inside mine tailings are an excellent study system because their analysis represents a realistic approach of mixtures and concentrations of metal exposure.Purpose
We analyzed metal tissue concentrations and DNA damage levels for comparison between genders of a sentinel (Peromyscus melanophrys) and a nonsentinel (Baiomys musculus) species. Also, the relationship between DNA damage and the distance from the contamination source was evaluated.Methods
This study was conducted in an abandoned mine tailing at Morelos, Mexico. Thirty-six individuals from both species at the exposed and reference sites were sampled. Metal concentrations in bone and liver of both species were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and DNA damage levels were assayed using the alkaline comet assay.Results
In general, concentrations of zinc, nickel, iron, and manganese were statistically higher in exposed individuals. A significant effect of the organ and the site on all metal tissue concentrations was detected. Significant DNA damage levels were registered in the exposed group, being higher in B. musculus. Females registered higher DNA damage levels than males. A negative relationship between distance from the mine tailing and DNA damage in B. musculus was observed.Conclusions
We consider that B. musculus is a suitable species to assess environmental quality, especially for bioaccumulable pollutants??such as metals??and recommend that it may be considered as a sentinel species. 相似文献17.
M Amodio E Andriani G de Gennaro A Demarinis Loiotile A Di Gilio MC Placentino 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(8):3132-3141
Purpose
This study was aimed to the development of an integrated approach for the characterization of particulate matter (PM) pollution events in the South of Italy.Methods
PM10 and PM2.5 daily samples were collected from June to November 2008 at an urban background site located in Bari (Puglia Region, South of Italy). Meteorological data, particle size distributions and atmospheric dispersion conditions were also monitored in order to provide information concerning the different features of PM sources.Results
The collected data allowed suggesting four indicators to characterize different PM10 exceedances. PM2.5/PM10 ratio, natural radioactivity, aerosol maps and back-trajectory analysis and particle distributions were considered in order to evaluate the contribution of local anthropogenic sources and to determine the different origins of intrusive air mass coming from long-range transport, such as African dust outbreaks and aerosol particles from Central and Eastern Europe. The obtained results were confirmed by applying principal component analysis to the number particle concentration dataset and by the chemical characterization of the samples (PM10 and PM2.5).Conclusions
The integrated approach for PM study suggested in this paper can be useful to support the air quality managers for the development of cost-effective control strategies and the application of more suitable risk management approaches. 相似文献18.
Zhou J Wang Y Yue T Li Y Wai KM Wang W 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(8):3389-3399
Introduction
During a 2009 investigation of the transport and deposition of trace elements in southern China, 37 event-based precipitation samples were collected at an observatory on Mount Heng, China (1,269?m asl).Methods
Concentrations of trace elements were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma?Cmass spectrometry and the wet deposition fluxes were established. A combination of techniques including enrichment factor analysis, principal component analysis, and back trajectory models were used to identify pollutant sources.Results
Trace element concentrations at Mount Heng were among the highest with respect to measured values reported elsewhere. All elements were of non-marine origin. The elements Pb, As, Cu, Se, and Cd were anthropogenic, while Fe, Cr, V, Ba, Mn, and Ni were of mixed crustal/anthropogenic origin. The crustal and anthropogenic contributions of trace elements were 12.8 % (0.9?~?17.4 %) and 87.2 % (82.6?~?99.1 %), with the maximum crustal fraction being 17.4 % for Fe. Coal combustion, soil and road dust, metallurgical processes, and industrial activities contributed to the element composition.Conclusions
Summit precipitation events were primarily distant in origin. Medium- to long-range transport of trace elements from the Yangtze River Delta and northern China played an important role in wet deposition at Mount Heng, while air masses from south or southeast of the station were generally low in trace element concentrations. 相似文献19.
Zubcov E Zubcov N Ene A Biletchi L 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(6):2238-2247
Purpose
The aim of this work was to assess the levels of copper and zinc in fish from the main freshwater ecosystems of Moldova, in relation with species, habitat, age, sex, season, and development stage.Methods
Fish from Cyprinidae and Percidae families (Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus gibelio, Rutilus rutilus heckeli, Abramis brama, Aristichthys nobilis, Hypophtalmichthys molitrix, Sander lucioperca) were collected from Prut and Dniester rivers, Cuciurgan, Dubasari, and Costesti-Stanca reservoirs, and ponds of farms in the Dniester delta. The Cu and Zn content of fish tissues (skeletal muscles, liver, gonads, gills, skin, and scales) was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer AAS-3, of water by graphite furnace HGA 900 of AAnalist 400.Results
The level of heavy metals accumulation in muscles of immature fish follows their dynamics in water. The highest concentration of zinc was registered in the gonads of mature fish, and of copper??in the liver. The lowest Cu and Zn contents were recorded in the muscles and are in the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization safety-permissible levels for human consumption. Cu and Zn contents in muscles of fish depend on specimen age. Their level in fish gonads was sharply increasing during pre-spawning period. During the early developmental stages, the metal concentration in fish eggs and larvae varies within wide limits, but the accumulation pattern is similar in the investigated species.Conclusions
The fish represent one of the most indicative factors for the estimation of trace metals pollution in freshwater systems and this is important not only for monitoring purposes, but also for the fish culture ones. 相似文献20.
Jianling L. Xu Zhanhui H. Tang Jincheng C. Shang Yuanhui H. Zhao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(5):1090-1097