配式钢混拱桥钢板加固立柱节点抗震研究

为研究装配式钢筋混凝土拱桥腹孔墩柱节点在地震荷载作用下的力学性能和破坏机理,通过拟静力试验和数值模拟计算,对比分析了立柱节点未加固、钢板加固两种情况下的抗震性能.设计制作8mm的钢板加固试件,采用拟静力试验得到试件的滞回曲线、等效阻尼比、初始刚度、荷载-位移骨架曲线作为衡量结构的耗能能力的指标.建立了装配式钢筋混凝土拱...     

Performance-based earthquake evaluation of a full-scale petrochemical piping system

Assessment of seismic vulnerability of industrial petrochemical and oil & gas piping systems can be performed, beyond analytical tools, through experimental testing as well. Along this line, this paper describes an experimental test campaign carried out on a full-scale piping system in order to assess its seismic behaviour. In particular, a typical industrial piping system, containing several critical components, such as elbows, a bolted flange joint and a Tee joint, was tested under different levels of realistic earthquake loading. They corresponded to serviceability and ultimate limit states for support structures as suggested by modern performance-based earthquake engineering standards. The so called hybrid simulation techniques namely, pseudo-dynamic and real time testing with dynamic substructuring, were adopted to perform seismic tests. Experimental results displayed a favourable performance of the piping system and its components; they remained below their yielding, allowable stress and allowable strain limits without any leakage even at the Near Collapse Limit State condition for the support structure. Moreover, the favourable comparison between experimental and numerical results, proved the validity of the proposed hybrid techniques alternative to shaking table tests.     

受火方式和防火层对梁柱全焊节点抗火性能影响分析

梁柱节点作为钢结构的重要组成部分,在火灾下极易遭到破坏。全焊节点具有较好的塑性变形能力,且抗震性能较好,在高烈度地震地区广泛应用。采用有限元法对梁柱全焊节点抗火性能进行数值模拟,研究不同受火方式下全焊节点的力学行为,揭示不同受火方式时梁柱各节点处温度变化规律,并对比分析有无防火层对全焊节点温度的影响规律。研究结果表明:不同受火方式对全焊节点温度影响较大。节点全部受火时节点各处温度变化曲线基本接近,结构各部位温差较小,整体处于高温状态;梁柱两面受火时受火面温度马上升高,远离受火位置的节点温度升高缓慢,节点各处温差较大。将节点全部受火与不受火进行对比发现,节点全部受火时节点各处应力明显大于不受火情况,温度升高使节点承载能力下降。在柱内壁和梁下侧施加防火层,升温最快的是防火层区域,且有防火层区域节点温度整体低于无防火层节点,对节点施加防火层可以有效降低整体结构升温。     

框架剪力墙结构抗震动力性能与抗侧向倒塌能力研究

为了探讨框架剪力墙结构的抗震动力性能和抗倒塌能力,针对一典型的20层钢筋混凝土框架剪力墙结构展开研究。首先,利用静力弹塑性方法对结构进行推覆分析,得到多遇、设防、罕遇地震下的性能点处相关参数;然后,选定合适的地震动记录和损伤指标,利用增量动力分析方法研究结构的地震反应和抗倒塌能力。结果表明:在小震和大震作用下,结构的层间位移角均满足规范限值要求,Collapse塑性铰主要出现在结构底层,可以实现大震不倒;随着楼层的增加,结构的层间剪力逐渐减小,有个别地震动记录在15层左右剪力会突然增大;结构50%倒塌概率对应的地震加速度为2.41 g,说明该结构的抗倒塌能力较强。     

免拆模板复合剪力墙粘结性能试验研究

免拆模板复合剪力墙体系是适应当前新型建筑体系需求而发展起来的新型节能结构体系。它具有节约能源、增大使用面积、优良的抗震性能及工厂化的施工工艺等优点。笔者专门对免拆模板复合剪力墙体系进行了研究 ,针对 3种不同聚苯板截面和 4种不同免拆模板截面进行粘结性能试验 ,通过试验总结出影响免拆模板与现浇混凝土之间粘结性能的因素 ,并对其作用机理进行分析 ,以期对新型建筑节能体系的发展有所贡献。     

Bolted flange joints equipped with FBG sensors in industrial piping systems subjected to seismic loads

The vulnerability of major-hazard industrial plants to natural hazards has been recognized as an emergent issue whose importance is underlined by the Sendai Framework, established immediately after the Tohoku earthquake of 2011, in Japan. Hence, seismic risk analysis is of paramount importance as testified by the intense research activity that characterized the last years. In this respect, structural health monitoring can represent a valuable tool able to strongly help the decision-making phase. Along this main vein, optical fibers (OFs) represent a class of sensors able to both monitor critical conditions, as leakage of hazardous material, and activate safety barriers, if any. More precisely, optical fibers represent an economic solution, whose characteristics appear particularly suitable for dangerous environments like major-hazard plants. However, investigations relevant to their use for seismic monitoring of chemical/petrochemical plants are rather limited, especially when subject to strong dynamic excitations. As a result, this paper deals with the analysis of optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) applied to bolted flange joints (BFJ) under cyclic loadings. More precisely, two experimental programs, i.e., a cyclic test on a single BFJ and a series of shaking table tests on BFJs of a multicomponent system, demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed monitoring systems in detecting hazardous conditions and, thus, their potential use in conjunction with safety barriers.     

计算机模拟警戒作业疲劳与绩效测量实验设计*

为探索警戒作业工间休息机制,设计计算机模拟监控警戒作业实验研究疲劳与绩效之间的关系。通过对9个时间单元绩效数据的两两比较,发现原有实验方案存在不合理性。分析心理厌倦和暂时性注意缺失对作业绩效的干扰,找出问题根源。通过调整任务界面和参数、增加声音警示音、设置时间进度条、加强实验前自我检查和培训环节对实验方案进行改进,并检验改进效果。结果表明:改进后实验方案产生的数据能客观描述监控警戒作业疲劳与绩效之间的关系,实验结论可为设计警戒作业工间休息制度提供理论依据。     

两条粗糙平行节理表面形貌对应力波能耗的影响研究

基于图形图像学与分形几何交叉学科理论,提出了一种用于描述节理面形貌的新方法—YUV维数法,该方法可替代传统分形维数且有其优势。在此基础上,通过对含两条粗糙平行节理岩石的SHPB试验,探讨了两条节理面形貌（以YUV维数描述）对应力波能耗的影响规律。研究结果表明:YUV维数法是一种新型表面描述方法,相对传统自相似图像维数有其优势;当两条节理YUV维数或节理YUV维数之和增大时,节理能耗值随之增加。出现上述现象的机理是:当节理面YUV维数增大时,岩石节理刚度相应减小,导致应力波穿越节理的能力降低,造成应力波能量耗散值增大。另外,能耗与YUV维数间呈现一种非线性关系,这种非线性关系是由节理的非线性变形所引发。为了工程应用之目的,同时给出了能耗与两条节理YUV维数间的二元函数关系。     

炮孔轴向不同间隔方式的爆破地震效应研究

不同装药结构爆破的地震效应存在较大差异,对于间隔装药结构而言,当采用的间隔介质相同时,采用什么样的间隔方式的降震效果更好呢?对此,就底部间隔、中部间隔还是顶部间隔装药方式的地震效应进行了比较研究.综合比较地震振动幅值、频率和振动持续时间等主要因素,3种间隔方式中,孔底间隔装药结构的爆破地震效应最小,其次为孔上部间隔,再次为孔中部间隔.     

欧洲规范关于延性桥梁抗震设计方法的安全性评价

评价了欧洲桥梁抗震设计规范 (Eurocode 8,part2 ) [1] 关于延性桥梁抗震设计方法的安全性。以一座高架桥横向抗震设计为例 ,按 3个不同的性能系数设计圆柱式桥墩 ,根据欧规规定的最小配箍率配置箍筋 ,使用自编程序MCAP[2 ] 评价其实际达到的延性水平 ,并通过非线性时程分析评价其抗震性能。结果表明 ,欧洲规范规定的最小配箍率足以保证结构达到预期的最低延性能力 ,性能系数具有相当大的安全储备。同时可以借鉴欧洲规范 ,作为延性桥梁抗震设计的一种安全设计方法。     

火灾作用后RC简支梁抗弯承载力试验研究和可靠度分析

建筑物发生火灾后 ,结构的力学性能如何变化一直是研究人员普遍关注的热点问题。但是火灾对建筑物的影响因素较为复杂 ,这些问题至今还没有得到很好的解决。笔者通过试验研究了 11根三面受火钢筋混凝土简支梁在不同初始荷载和配筋下的火灾后抗弯承载力和可靠度 ,并进行了比较。试验结果表明 :在其他条件相同仅配筋不同时 ,钢筋配置适当增加 ,火灾后抗弯承载力下降减少 ,钢筋混凝土梁的抗火能力增强 ;在其他条件相同仅初始荷载不同时 ,初始荷载增加 ,抗弯承载力下降增加 ,火灾后可靠度的下降幅度也增加。试验研究为钢筋混凝土梁的抗火设计和火灾后的修复和加固提供了参考依据。     

Flamelet surface density modelling of turbulent deflagrating flames in vented explosions

The performance of two reaction rate models based on the laminar flamelet concept have been examined by calculating the behaviour of turbulent flame deflagration inside a semi-confined explosion tube. The models formulate the mean rate of reaction as a function of a transport equation for the flamelet surface density. The difference in the models is in modelling the source/sink terms of the flamelet surface density transport equation. The models are validated using laser diagnostics of flame deflagration in methane–air flammable mixture. The predictions are compared with experimental results for propagation, pressure history and flame speed. Sensitivity to cross-flow effects are investigated through comparison between two- and three-dimensional calculations. The numerically simulated results show that experimental trends are well reproduced by both models.     

基于地震易损性的连续梁桥减隔震方案研究

减隔震措施的合理配置是高速铁路地震经济性目标控制的关键。为了对采用不同减隔震装置的高速铁路连续梁桥抗震性能进行量化研究,基于桥梁系统地震易损性分析,选用4种减隔震方案进行对比分析。4种方案分别为:全桥抗震设计方案（方案1）、全桥双曲面球型隔震支座+粘滞阻尼器方案（方案2）、中墩摩擦摆+边墩普通支座与阻尼器配合方案（方案3）和全桥摩擦摆+边墩阻尼器方案（方案4）。结果表明:高烈度高速铁路桥梁须通过减隔震设计才能满足抗震设防目标,综合经济性和抗震性能2方面因素,方案4有效降低了结构内力响应和位移响应,为所列方案中的最优方案。     

A Whole Body Postural Loading Simulation and Assessment Model for Workplace Analysis and Design

Abstract

This study reports on the development and validation of a new computer model for simulating human postures at work, and assessing the reaction forces and bending moments in 43 human articulation joints. The proposed model estimates the intradiscal pressure in the vertebral column in response to external loading forces encountered during human interactions with work objects or processes. The model was implemented in a self-contained interactive software package. The simulation results compare favorably with the reported experimental data, and provide reasonable confidence in the quality of the model. Its characteristics and its applications in evaluating physical task performance are also discussed     

Effect of ignition position on vented hydrogen–air deflagration in a 1 m3 vessel

This study investigates the effect of the ignition position on vented hydrogen-air deflagration in a 1 m³ vessel and evaluates the performance of the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLACS in simulating the vented explosion of hydrogen-air mixtures. First, the differences in the measured pressure-time histories for various ignition locations are presented, and the mechanisms responsible for the generation of different pressure peaks are explained, along with the flame behavior. Secondly, the CFD software FLACS is assessed against the experimental data. The characteristic phenomena of vented explosion are observed for hydrogen-air mixtures ignited at different ignition positions, such as Helmholtz oscillation for front ignition, the interaction between external explosion and combustion inside the vessel for central ignition, and the wall effect for back-wall ignition. Flame-acoustic interaction are observed in all cases, particularly in those of front ignition and very lean hydrogen-air mixtures. The predicted flame behavior agree well with the experimental data in general while the simulated maximum overpressures are larger than the experimental values by a factor of 1.5–2, which is conservative then would lead to a safe design of explosion panels for instance. Not only the flame development during the deflagration was well-simulated for the different ignition locations, but also the correspondence between the pressure transients and flame behavior was also accurately calculated. The comparison of the predicted results with the experimental data shows the performance of FLACS to model vented mixtures of hydrogen with air ignited in a lab scale vessel. However, the experimental scale is often smaller than that used in practical scenarios, such as hydrogen refueling installations. Thus, future large-scale experiments are necessary to assess the performance of FLACS in practical use.     

活性粉末混凝土柱的抗震性能试验研究

活性粉末混凝土 (ReactivePowderConcrete ,简称RPC)是一种具有超高性能和超高强度的水泥基复合材料。本文首先论述了这一材料应用于结构抗震领域中的潜力 ,然后通过 4个小比例RPC矩形截面柱的拟静力试验 ,研究了RPC配筋柱的延性性能、滞回曲线及其破坏机理 ,分析了配箍率对RPC配筋柱延性的影响。     

尾矿库地震溃坝模糊风险评估方法探讨

在研究尾矿库地震作用机理的基础上,对尾矿坝在地震动力条件下溃坝风险进行研究,并提出地震溃坝风险指标,采用模糊评判方法对尾矿坝溃坝风险进行理论分析计算,并运用于实际尾矿库的评价中。可为尾矿库运行期的安全管理提供依据。     

Effects of soil-structure interaction on fragility and seismic risk; a case study of power plant containment

Safety-related structures are designed to provide a safe environment for the occupants and equipment during and after earthquakes. This is due to the fact that any damage imposed to the systems might lead to catastrophic consequences. Seismic probabilistic risk assessment (SPRA) is a systematic approach for the quantification of the seismic risk. One of the crucial steps in this assessment is to determine the seismic capacity of the structures by fragility method. After a review of available methodologies, this article analyzes the seismic fragility for a typical power plant containment considering the effects of soil-structure interaction (SSI). The structure and underneath soil profile are analyzed as a unified model by the subtraction method. Two steps are considered for the assessment of seismic response: In the first step, a fixed-base hypothesis framework is implemented to the computational problem. The second step covers computations taking into account the SSI effects. Using the results of seismic response analysis and safety factor method, seismic fragility of the structure is computed and related fragility curves are developed. Finally, by comparing the fragility curves, the effects of SSI are quantified on the overall seismic risk.     

建筑施工企业建立OSHMS安全管理绩效分析

在对24家建筑施工企业安全管理绩效的系统调查的基础上,从通过职业安全健康管理体系认证企业建立之前与之后的纵向对比以及未建立、正在建立及已通过认证企业之间的横向对比,分析探讨了其差异产生的原因,表明建立职业安全健康管理体系有利于提高建筑施工企业安全管理绩效及管理水平     

铁路连续梁桥减隔震设计方案研究

为了对铁路连续梁桥减隔震设计方案进行对比研究,基于通用有限元软件SAP2000,以某三跨铁路连续梁桥为例,建立该桥的全桥有限元模型。对该桥采用铅芯橡胶支座进行减隔震设计,在7条典型地震波激励下对2种设计方案的减隔震效果进行计算分析,并将2种方案的结果进行比较。结果表明,2种隔震方案都能取得较好的隔震效果,但全桥隔震时制动墩地震响应隔震率优于制动墩隔震,且全桥隔震时梁体位移小于制动墩隔震。对铁路连续梁桥进行全桥减隔震设计,可以在较小梁体位移的前提下得到较好的隔震率,更有利于桥梁上部结构的安全。