中国危险废物与工业固体废物产量对比研究

介绍了国外危险废物和工业固体废物产量状况。以中国环境统计数据为基础,对中国危险废物与工业固体废物产量进行了全面对比研究。结果表明,中国危险废物占工业固体废物的比例远低于欧美发达国家的水平,反映出中国危险废物统计涵盖的范围远没有发达国家广泛,也说明中国的经济发展还处在较低的水平,今后危险废物实际产量还将增加;另外,中国高新技术行业以及西部资源省份的危险废物产量占工业固体废物的比例较大,值得有关部门重视管理。     

我国危险废物管理现状及发展趋势

本文介绍了我国危险废物产生量、分布特点、管理现状及发展趋势，分析了我国地方及云南省危险废物管理中存在问题，提出了解决问题的对策和建议。     

我国危险废物管理现状及发展趋势

本文介绍了我国危险废物产生量、分布特点、管理现状及发展趋势 ,分析了我国地方及云南省危险废物管理中存在的问题 ,提出了解决问题的对策和建议。     

宁波市危险废物管理、处置现状和对策

对宁波市危险废物现状进行了调查,分析了危险废物的来源、产量、特征及存在的主要问题.在此基础上,提出了宁波市危险废物管理处置对策,具体包括:加强危险废物申报登记工作;健全宁波市危险废物管理法律体系和监督管理机构;建立合理的危险废物收费制度;源头控制危险废物污染和建设危险废物集中处置场等.     

危险废物回转窑焚烧系统的工艺设计

介绍杭州市危险废物回转窑焚烧处理示范工程的一期规模、工艺流程及主要设备的设计方法。     

危险废物处理技术进展及若干建议

较系统地论述了国内固体废物的目前状况、产量,分析了一些典型危险废物处理过程中存在的主要问题和解决方法,提出了深人开展危险废物处理与资源化研究的方向,并给出了环保部门应对危险废物进行处理的建议。     

低污染的危险废物焚烧技术研究

目前危险废物焚烧中产生的污染主要通过尾气处理去除,本文认为尾气处理应与通过控制焚烧条件减少尾气中污染物的原始浓度相结合,以减少后续处理设备的投资。本文主要讨论了控制危险废物焚烧中主要污染物颗粒物、氯化氢、SOx、NOx、二恶英的焚烧技术。     

浅谈基层环保部门危险废物管理中的问题及对策

分析了国内现行的危险废物管理制度、标准及规范,结合基层管理的实践,指出了当前危险废物管理中存在的问题,提出了解决问题的对策和途径,并就危险废物实行行政代处置进行了探索和尝试。     

基于因特网的危险废物转移联单系统研究 发

危险废物转移联单是跟踪危险废物转移和处理处置的基本方法，也是实施危险废物全过程管理的有效工具。然而，目前使用的纸质联单系统，运用过程繁杂，周期长，耗费人力和物力，与现代化管理不相适应。本文提出了符合中国国情的电子化转移联单解决方案，论述了系统的设计开发和运行情况。这一系统采用了因特网技术，能实现联单运行的电子化和自动化，简化运行过程，提高效率，为我国危险废物转移的电子化管理奠定了基础。     

危险废物豁免(排除)的管理体系研究

危险废物豁免(排除)是指按照一定的程序和豁免原则将一部分产生量小、分散、危害性低的危险废物从现有的危险废物管理体系中豁免或排除出来.系统分析了国外危险废物豁免(排除)管理体系研究现状和发展趋势,结合中国国情提出建立中国危险废物豁免(排除)管理体系的理论、方法、程序及相关原则,对尽快建立中国危险废物管理体系具有一定的借鉴意义.     

Towards sets of hazardous waste indicators. Essential tools for modern industrial management

Decision-makers require useful tools, such as indicators, to help them make environmentally sound decisions leading to effective management of hazardous wastes. Four hazardous waste indicators are being tested for such a purpose by several countries within the Sustainable Development Indicator Programme of the United Nations Commission for Sustainable Development. However, these indicators only address the 'down-stream' end-of-pipe industrial situation. More creative thinking is clearly needed to develop a wider range of indicators that not only reflects all aspects of industrial production that generates hazardous waste but considers socio-economic implications of the waste as well. Sets of useful and innovative indicators are proposed that could be applied to the emerging paradigm shift away from conventional end-of-pipe management actions and towards preventive strategies that are being increasingly adopted by industry often in association with local and national governments. A methodological and conceptual framework for the development of a core-set of hazardous waste indicators has been developed. Some of the indicator sets outlined quantify preventive waste management strategies (including indicators for cleaner production, hazardous waste reduction/minimization and life cycle analysis), whilst other sets address proactive strategies (including changes in production and consumption patterns, eco-efficiency, eco-intensity and resource productivity). Indicators for quantifying transport of hazardous wastes are also described. It was concluded that a number of the indicators proposed could now be usefully implemented as management tools using existing industrial and economic data. As cleaner production technologies and waste minimization approaches are more widely deployed, and industry integrates environmental concerns at all levels of decision-making, it is expected that the necessary data for construction of the remaining indicators will soon become available.     

Baseline levels of PCDD/Fs in soil and herbage samples collected in the vicinity of a new hazardous waste incinerator in Catalonia,Spain

The construction in Constantí (Catalonia, Spain) of a new hazardous waste incinerator (HWI), which is the first one in Spain, finished in 1999. In order to determine the temporal variation (1996–1998) in the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in the vicinity of the new HWI, 40 soil and 40 herbage samples were collected (1998) at the same sampling points in which samples had been taken two years before (1996). Each sample was analyzed for PCDDs and PCDFs by high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry. In the 1996 survey, PCDD/F concentrations in soils ranged from 0.13 to 24.20 ng I-TEQ/kg (d.m.), with median and mean values of 0.67 and 1.68 ng I-TEQ/kg (d.m.), respectively. In the present study, PCDD/F concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 17.20 ng I-TEQ/kg (d.m.), with a median value of 0.75 ng I-TEQ/kg (d.m.) and a mean value of 1.59 ng I-TEQ/kg (d.m.). In turn, in the present study PCDD/F concentrations in vegetation ranged from 0.14 to 2.01 ng I-TEQ/kg (d.m.) (median and mean values: 0.23 and 0.31 ng I-TEQ/kg, respectively), while in the 1996 survey PCDD/F concentrations ranged from 0.24 to 1.22 ng I-TEQ/kg (d.m.) (median and mean values: 0.53 and 0.61 ng I-TEQ/kg, respectively). According to the present (1998) and the previous (1996) levels of PCDD/Fs found in soils and vegetation, the area under potential influence of the new facility shows a rather low contamination by these compounds. The current results should be useful to establish the environmental impact of the HWI.     

浅谈无锡市危险废物产生情况与处置现状

无锡市作为江苏重点发展的城市,随着社会和经济的快速发展,危险废物产生量和种类不断增多。文中针对无锡市2011年—2018年危险废物产生量、综合利用与处置情况,分析危险废物处置利用存在的问题,同时,就目前危险废物存在的问题,提出科学合理的建议。     

Assessment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran emissions from a hazardous waste incineration plant using long-term sampling equipment

The aim of this work is to evaluate the performance of a continuous monitoring system for the analysis of the mass concentration of PCDD/Fs from stationary sources. Data was acquired from a modern, state of the art, hazardous waste thermal treatment plant for a period of more than 2 years using a commercial available continuous monitoring system. The study consisted of a total of 16 samples, collected in periods from 1 week to 2 months resulting in an average of 360 m³ sampled flue gas per sample. The study showed the system was able to confirm that for a period of more than 2 years the plant was complying with the limit of 0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm³. In addition, the data showed the typical fingerprint of such installations which is useful for example in impact studies. Long-term samples were compared to five short-term samples (6 h) collected every 6 months during the study period. Principal component analysis was applied to PCDD/Fs obtained data as useful statistical tool to find out trends and similarities between different samples. Improvement in terms of representativeness of data was achieved through continuous assessment since the starts of the project. The obtained data was further used to determine the emission factor for this activity and the total annual PCDD/Fs release to the atmosphere.     

北京市实验室危险废物产生量预测及管理机制建设建议

随着我国科学技术研发投入的快速增长,源自科研和监测等活动的实验室危险废物产生量迅速增加。但目前我国尚缺乏系统性的实验室危险废物环境无害化管理政策支撑,相应废物管理存在着较大的环境和健康风险。本文采用灰色系统模型预测了北京2021-2030年实验室危险废物产生量,系统总结、分析了国家和地方主管部门、高校和产业园区实验室危险废物管理政策的现状和存在的问题。结果显示,2021年-2030年北京实验室危险废物产生量将呈逐年增长趋势,预计2025年和2030年产生量分别为2.91×10⁴和5.20×10⁴ t,采用该方法和参数对全国实验室危险废物产生量进行简单地预测,预计2025年和2030年产生量分别可达133.17×10⁴和231.16×10⁴ t。在管理方面,仍存在政策不健全、收运处置困难、环保意识不足等问题,需进一步明确实验室危险废物责任主体,形成管理机制及指南。针对收集环节,建立高校定时定点收集处理和小微企业豁免相结合的收集体系,并进一步加强高校实验室危险废物能力建设。     

浅析我国工业固体废物管理的历史沿革

工业固体废物具有量大面广、种类繁多和性质复杂等特点,开展工业固体废物的全过程管理具有重要现实意义,健全的固体废物管理体系是固体废物管理工作得以有效开展的基础。本文从经济社会发展、固体废物管理相关制度出台、机构变革等方面综合考虑,将我国工业固体废物管理阶段分为无序摸索阶段、探索起步阶段、法制化阶段、全面提升阶段和规范化管理阶段,分析了不同阶段国内外工业固体废物管理的主要特征和重要事件,阐明了各阶段工业固体废物管理模式与关注重点。本研究可为我国提升工业固体废物现代化治理能力、构建现代化治理体系提供参考。     

Curbing dioxin emissions from municipal solid waste incineration in China: Re-thinking about management policies and practices

As one of the countries with large amounts of dioxin releases, the control of dioxins is a major challenge for China. Municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration should be considered a high priority source of dioxin emissions because it is playing an increasingly more important role in waste management. MSW incineration in China has much higher emission rates of dioxins than in the developed countries, partially resulting from the gaps in the technologies of incineration and flue gas cleaning. Moreover, the current management policies and practices also contribute significantly to the problem. We recommend lowering dioxin emission standard, strengthening fly ash management, and improving regulation enforcement to reduce dioxin releases into the environment from MSW incineration. We also propose that alternative strategies should be considered on dioxin control and call for an expansion of economic instruments in waste management to reduce waste generation and thus the need for incineration.     

基于因特网的危险废物转移联单系统研究与开发

危险废物转移联单是跟踪危险废物转移和处理处置的基本方法 ,也是实施危险废物全过程管理的有效工具。然而 ,目前使用的纸质联单系统 ,运行过程繁杂、周期长、耗费人力和物力 ,与现代化管理不相适应。本文提出了符合中国国情的电子化转移联单解决方案 ,论述了系统的设计开发过程和运行情况。这一系统采用了因特网技术 ,能实现联单运行的电子化和自动化 ,简化运行过程 ,提高效率 ,为我国危险废物转移的电子化管理奠定了基础