气相色谱法测定汽油作业环境中MTBE含量

建立了汽油作业场所空气中MTBE的气相色谱测定方法。空气中的MTBE用注射器采集，直接进样，经大口径毛细管柱分离，氢焰离子化检测器检测，以保留时间定性，峰面积定量，并考察了MTBE与甲醇、正己烷的分离效果。     

毛细管GC/FID法测定空气中甲硫醇实验研究

研究了空气中甲硫醇（ＣＨ３ＳＨ）的采样,液氮冷冻浓缩,热解吸和毛细管柱ＧＣ／ＦＩＤ的色谱分离分析方法,在选定条件下,线性范围为０．２－２００μｇ检测下限约０．２μｇ,回收率为９２．６％,重复实验变异系数３．２％,可以满足空气中ＣＨ３ＳＨ的测定,应用于某城市污水厂及污水沟周围空气中甲硫醇的测定,并以ＣＨ３ＳＨ为代表计算了空气的恶臭度,其分布规律可以得到合理的解释,取得了较为满意的结果。     

室内空气中芳香烃的测定与污染源模拟

采用Ｔｅｎａｘ树脂吸附－热解吸／氢火焰气相色谱法定量测定室内空气中芳香烃类有机的。现场采样测定了某办公楼装修前后室内空气环境中芳香烃浓度。     

An improved gas chromatography for rapid measurement of CO2,CH4 and N2O

Combining improved injector, gas line and valve-driving modules, a GC equipped with FID and ECD, could simultaneously measure CH4, CO2 and N2O in an air sample within 4 min. Test results showed that the system has high sensitivity, resolution and precision; the linear response range of the system meets the requirement of in situ flux measurements. Thus, the system is suitable for monitoring fluxes of main greenhouse gases in terrestrial ecosystem since it is easy to use, efficacious, stable and reliable to collect data.     

Determination of volatile organic compounds in river water by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography

A simple, rapid, and reproducible method is described employing solid-phase extraction (SPE) using dichloromethane followed by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID) for determination of volatile organic compound(VOC) from the Buriganga River water of Bangladesh. The method was applied to detect the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and cumene(BTEXC) in the sample collected from the surface or 15cm depth of water. Two-hundred ml of n-hexane-pretreated and filtered water samples were applied directly to a C18 SPE column. BTEXC were extracted with dichloromethane and average concentrations were obtained as 0. 104 to 0.372 μg/ml. The highest concentration of benzene was found as 0.372 μg/ml with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.2%, and cumene was not detected. Factors influencing SPE e.g., adsorbent types, sample load volume, eluting solvent, headspace and temperatures, were investigated. A cartridge containing a C18 adsorbent and using dichloromethane gave better performance for extraction of BTEXC from water. Average recoveries exceedina 90% could be achieved for cumene at 4℃ with a 2.7% RSD.     

土壤样品多氯联苯的GC/ECD双柱测定方法的优化

GC/ECD法是目前测定土壤样品多氯联苯（PCBs）总量最常用的方法.笔者参考US EPA 8082方法,针对实际土壤样品基质复杂、浓度差别大、有机氯农药干扰GC/ECD测定等特点,对样品前处理和仪器分析的各个环节进行了系统的试验研究.采用碱解萃取、酸洗、硅胶柱净化、双柱GC/ECD分析方法,将多元线性回归分析用于混合Aroclor污染类型的定性识别,外标法用于PCBs总量的定量分析.PCBs总量的清洁基体加标回收率为80%～90%,方法检出限为0.40 ng/g.      

固相微萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定水中有机污染物

固相微萃取是一种快速、简便、集萃取浓缩于一体的样品前处理技术,具有分析快速、灵敏度高、无需有机溶剂的优点。用固相微萃取-毛细管气相色谱分析水中甲醇、丙酮、异丙醇、乙醇、乙腈、丙烯腈,检出限可达0.003～0.03mg/L。     

GC/ECD检测水中六六六、滴滴涕的改进

在此用毛细管柱GC/ECD程序升温方法检测水中的六六六、滴滴滴.对检测的条件如萃取溶液、色谱条件、色谱柱类型和标准液的保存进行了优化,并对可疑峰进行不同色谱柱或GC/MS验证,使其方法比标准方法有更好的分离度,更短的分析时间和精密度更好.     

气相色谱法、气质联用法测定土壤中多氯联苯

采用快速溶剂萃取法提取土壤中的7组多氯联苯Aroclors系列,经弗罗里硅土柱净化,用气相色谱／电子捕获检测器法（GC／ECD）和气质联用法（GC／MS）进行测定。当取样量为20g时。GC／ECD法和GC／MS法的检出限分别为0．28～0．87μg／kg和0．62～1．35μg／kg。两种方法的基体加标回收率在79．6％--103．6％,相对标准偏差〈9．0％。利用该方法分析Aroclor有证土壤标样,结果满意。GC／ECD法的准确度和精密度略优于GC／MS法,因此实际土壤样品Aroclors分析中,建议以GC／ECD的定量结果为准。     

水中硝基苯的快速气相色谱测定

直接进水样气相色谱法快速测定水中的硝基苯，分别采用2％QF－1＋1．5OV－1ChromosorbWAW－DMCS（80-100目）（Ⅰ）和5％聚乙醇-6000101白色担体（40－60目）（Ⅱ）为固定相的两种不锈钢柱，FID检测器，对硝基苯完成分离，本法进样4μl的检测限为0．25mg／L，能满足应急污染监测的需要。对柱Ⅰ，提出了一种改善分离的方法．     

机动车燃油中有机污染物分析与评价研究

通过使用气相色谱质谱仪（GC／MS）和SIM／SCAN同时扫描的方式对比分析了机动车使用的汽油和柴油的主要成分及主要有机污染物的组成种类及比例。研究结果表明,机动车燃油中检测出多种挥发性和半挥发性有机污染物,这些污染物中多为中国优先控制的空气有害物质;汽油中含有较多的苯系物类和多环芳烃类有机污染物,柴油中主要含有烷烃类和多环芳烃类有机污染物。     

水中硝基苯的快速气相色谱鉴定

直接进水样气相色谱法快速鉴定水中的硝基苯 ,分别采用 2 %QF— 1+ 1 5OV— 1Chro mosorbWAW—DMCS(80～ 10 0目 ) (实验柱Ⅰ )和 5 %聚乙二醇— 6 0 0 0 10 1白色担体 (40～ 6 0目 )(实验柱Ⅱ )为固定相的两种不锈钢柱 ,FID检测器 ,对硝基苯完成分离。本法进样 4 μL的检测限为 0 2 5mg/L ,能满足应急污染监测的需要 ,对柱Ⅰ ,提出了一种改善分离的方法     

Degradation of MTBE and TBA by a new isolate from MTBE-contaminated soil

Methyl ten-butyl ether （MTBE）, a gasoline additive, possesses serious problems to the environmental health. In the present study, a bacterial culture named A-3 which could effectively degrade MTBE was isolated from the MTBE contaminated soil. The isolate was identified as Chryseobacterium sp., a new species capable of degrading MTBE. In order to enhance its degradation ability, selected environment factors were investigated. The results showed that the optimal temperature was in the range of 25-30℃, the pH was 7.0, the inoculum size was 2 × 10^8 CFU/ml and the optimal concentration of MTBE was from 50 to 100 mg/L. The maximum MTBE utilization rate （Vmax） was 102 nmol MTBE/（mg cell protein.h）. Furthermore, it was found that the isolate could also degrade tert-butyl alcohol （TBA）. The degradation rates of TBA were much faster than those of MTBE. The additional TBA would lead to the decrease of the initial MTBE degradation rate and the inhibitory effect of TBA increased with the increase of TBA concentration. Similar protein profiles at least seven peptides were demonstrated after SDS-PAGE analysis of crude extracts obtained from the cells growing in MTBE and TBA culture.     

颗粒活性炭吸附工艺对水体中甲基叔丁基醚的去除

通过批式平衡实验考察了各种材质活性炭对MTBE的最大吸附容量以及吸附的影响因素.结果表明各活性炭的吸附能力依次为JHBG1>JHBG2>GCN8303F300>YK>Bamboo,其中2种国产竹炭JHBG1和JHBG2对低浓度污染的地下水处理时的理论耗炭量分别为0.14和0.18g/L;水体中天然有机物对MTBE有一定的竞争吸附,丹宁酸值较大的活性炭比较有利于地下水中MTBE的去除.采用连续流的微型快速穿透实验(MCRB)考察了活性炭的吸附容量利用率,结果证明活性炭吸附可以作为一种有效的地下水中MTBE的去除工艺,这为MTBE污染场地的异位修复提供一个实际可行的参考.     

车用汽油及含氧燃料的环境效应

基于7辆国6轻型车的WLTC循环测试,计算了汽油?E10和MTBE10(汽油中添加10％体积的甲基叔丁基醚)排放的温室气体的致暖效应(GWP)、臭氧生成潜势(OFP)和非甲烷有机气体(NMOG)排放.结果表明,车队平均N2O和CH4排放的GWP分别为0.6和0.07g CO2e/km.E10和MTBE10的非CO2温室...     

甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)的环境毒理学研究进展

甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)作为一种新型的无铅汽油添加剂被广泛应用以减少含铅汽油对空气的污染。简要介绍了MTBE的理化性质和MTBE的急性毒性、代谢、生殖、遗传毒性,就其对环境的污染以及其防治作了综述,指出了我国开展MTBE有关研究的重要性。     

废水中微量酚的气相色谱法测定

采用SP 370 0型气相色谱仪 ,配以SE 54玻璃毛细管柱 (35m× 0 .37mmi.d .)、氢焰离子化检测器 ,测定了以GDX 50 2为吸附剂富集的含酚废水样 .方法的最低检知浓度为 1 4 0× 1 0 - 9。     

Cost–benefit analysis of methyl tert-butyl ether and alternative gasoline formulations

This paper presents a cost–benefit analysis of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) requiring the addition of oxygen content in gasoline, using California as a case study. The valuation and comparison of costs and benefits for several fuel blends (with and without oxygen content) provides a framework to investigate cross-media (air, water, soil) tradeoffs. We use known valuation methods such as the travel cost method to derive recreational value, the averting expenditures approach and cost of illness approach to derive public health costs, and market price method to quantify increases in fuel price and fuel efficiency costs in order to compare the alternatives. We use data from California to evaluate the current fuel blend with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a fuel blend with ethanol (ethyl alcohol), and a fuel blend without oxygenated compounds. The most expensive option to meet the 1990 CAAA is the current reformulated gasoline blend with MTBE, which results in a net cost to California's economy of between $0.9 and 2.7 billion dollars annually. The cost of treating groundwater contaminated with MTBE is a major cost factor. Our assessment indicates that the non-oxygenated gasoline formulation is the most cost-effective, particularly in the long-term, once refiners are able to implement modifications to their installations or negotiate long-term supply contracts for these additives. Several strategies are identified to transition out of using the current gasoline blend with MTBE.     

Formation of multiple trimethylsilyl derivatives in the derivatization of 17α-ethinylestradiol with BSTFA or MSTFA followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination

N,O-bis（trimethylsily）trifluoroacetamide （BSTFA） and N-methyl-N（trimethylsily） trifluoroacetamide （MSTFA） are common derivatization reagents used in the GC-MS analysis of estrogen steroids such as estrone （El） and 17α-ethinylestradiol （EE2）. In this study, three trimethylsilyl （TMS） steroid derivatives, mono- and di-trimethylsilyl EE2 and mono-trimethylsilyl El, were observed during the derivatization of EE2 with BSTFA or MSTFA and/or GC separation. Factors influencing the production of multiple TMS derivatives and their relative abundance were examined. It was found that both methanol and bisphenol A competed with estrogenic esteroids when reacting with silylation reagents, and thus affected the formation of TMS derivatives and their relative abundance in the derivatization products. Methanol was found to be more reactive than bisphenol A with the BSTFA reagent. None of the three solvents tested in this study could prevent the generation of multiple TMS derivatives during the derivatization of EE2 with BSTFA, followed by GC analysis. A similar result was observed using MSTFA as the derivative reagent followed by GC analysis. Thus, the suitability of BSTFA or MSTFA as the derivatization reagent for the determination of E1 and EE2 by GC-MS, under the conditions reported here, is questionable. This problem can be solved by adding trimethylsilylimidaz （TMSI） in the BSTFA reagent as recommended, and the performance of the method has been proved in this study.     

GC/MS法分析焦化废水中微量有机污染物

介绍了GC/MS联用仪对废水中微量有机污染物进行分离定性、定量的实验方法 ,并通过对实验结果的分析 ,阐述了活性污泥法对焦化废水有机污染物的去除效果