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1.
Gupta DK Tripathi RD Rai UN Mishra S Srivastava S Dwivedi S Maathuis FJ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,134(1-3):479-487
Growth and metal accumulation were investigated in two Cicer arietinum L. varieties (var. CSG-8962 and var. C-235) when grown in various combinations of fly ash (FA) amended with garden soil (GS),
press mud (PM) or saw dust (SD). In addition, the levels of photosynthetic pigments, nitrate reductase (NR) activity, cysteine,
non-protein thiols (NP-SH), and ascorbic acid were studied. FA amended with GS or PM led to a 5–10 times increase in biomass
compared to FA control and was most pronounced in the less metal tolerant variety CSG-8962. Amendment of FA with either GS
or PM only moderately increased the contents of some essential metals whereas the non-essential Cd and Cr remained similar
or decreased slightly compared to FA control. FA combined with either GS or PM increased the amount of photosynthetic pigments
and was largely absent when SD was added to FA. Improved nitrogen availability led to increased nitrate reductase (NR) activity
with all amendments but less so with SD. Metal stress indicating parameters were generally reduced (cysteine and non-protein
thiols) or unchanged (ascorbic acid). In conclusion, of the tested ameliorants both GS and PM greatly improved growth of C. arietinum making FA a suitable component of plant growth substrates. 相似文献
2.
EDU (ethylenediurea) and non-EDU-treated bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) L. cv. Lit) were exposed to ambient air at four rural sites in the Netherlands during the growing seasonsof 1994 through 1996 to investigate the responses to ambient ozone. Ozone-induced foliar injury was observed each year anddifferences in injury between sites depended on year. On average,injury amounted to 27% in 1994, to 8% in 1995 and to 1% in 1996. Injury increased with increasing ozone exposure (AOT40) and the estimated AOT40 value corresponding with 5% injury wascirca 3650 nl l-1 h ozone. The highest ozone levels accumulated at each site for five consecutive days before injuryexceeded the proposed short-term critical level for injury development. EDU reduced injury and its protective effect was positively related to the injury intensity in non-EDU-treatedplants. Yield of green marketable pods (intermediate harvest) andmature pods (final harvest) was generally reduced in non-EDU-treated plants compared to EDU-treated plants and differences inyield reduction between harvests varied between years. The yield of mature pods was reduced in 1994 and 1996 while the yield ofgreen pods was reduced in 1995 by ozone only. Since yield reduction was not correlated with AOT40, the EDU method was notvalid to determine an ozone exposure-yield reponse relationshipfor bean. 相似文献
3.
The Avoidance Responses of Daphnia magna to the Exposure of Organophosphorus Pesticides in an On-Line Biomonitoring System 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zong-Ming Ren Zhi-Liang Li Jin-Miao Zha Kai-feng Rao Mei Ma Zijian Wang Rong-Shu Fu 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2009,14(3):405-410
In this study, avoidance behavior of the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna Straus was used as indicator to assess the early stress of accidental organophosphorus pesticide (OP) contamination. The
movement behavior was detected by a multi-species biomonitoring system. There was obvious concentration–response relationship
between the OP stress and the behavioral response even at sublethal exposure. A rising OP stress resulted in a significant
decrease of response time to escape (RTE; p<0.05). In comparison of different OPs, it was found that there was a power regression between RTE and the toxic unit of OPs.
Therefore, the avoidance behavior of D. magna was a sensitive indicator of sublethal OP stress, and the power relationship could be used to predict the early warning thresholds
of more OPs in the on-line biomonitoring system. 相似文献