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本文介绍了催化还原脱除地下水中硝酸盐的原理、催化剂的选择、催化剂的制备等问题。与传统的硝酸盐脱除技术相比 ,催化还原法具有运行时间短以及管理方便等优势 ,但是目前催化剂的活性和选择性还不够理想 ,而且反应过程中还会受到传质等因素的限制 相似文献
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钴掺杂二氧化钛的制备及光催化性能的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
钴掺杂制备超细TiO2粒子,并进行了表征。CoO与TiO2形成固溶体抑制了TiO2晶粒的长大并促进相变。钴掺杂有利于提高TiO2光催化剂的寿命。 相似文献
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催化还原脱除地下水中的硝酸盐 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文介绍了催化还原脱除地下水中硝酸盐的原理、催化剂的选择、催化剂的制备等问题。与传统的硝酸盐脱除技术相比,催化还原法具有运行时间短以及管理方便等优势,但是目前催化剂的活性和选择性还不够理想,而且反应过程中还会受到传质等因素的限制。 相似文献
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催化还原脱除地下水中硝酸盐的研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
采用浸渍法制备催化剂Pd-Cu/γ-Al2O3,用BET、ICP、XRD、TEM和EDX对该催化剂进行了表征.以甲酸钠作为还原剂,对催化还原硝酸盐进行了试验研究.结果表明,100 mg·L-1硝酸盐完全反应时总氮的脱除率可以达到87%.催化反应的活性和选择性受pH值、催化剂投加量、甲酸钠浓度和硝酸盐初始浓度等反应条件影响.甲酸钠作为还原剂时只需控制溶液初始pH值,初始pH值过高或过低都会降低催化剂活性;控制初始pH值为4.5,适当降低催化剂投加量和增加甲酸钠的浓度有利于提高催化活性,但选择性会显著降低.初始pH值为4.5时,不同初始浓度硝酸盐的催化还原反应为一级反应. 相似文献
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以磷酸钠为电解液,采用微弧氧化技术在钛片上直接制备TiO2膜,利用溶胶-凝胶法和硝酸铁掺杂方法对该膜表面进行修饰处理,以罗丹明B溶液模拟废水来评价TiO2膜光催化降解水中有机污染物的能力。利用EDX对微弧氧化膜表面成分进行分析。实验结果表明:微弧氧化TiO2膜具有一定的光催化活性。溶胶-凝胶法负载TiO2且硝酸铁掺杂处理后可以使铁离子进入微弧氧化TiO2负载膜,改善膜的光催化性能。溶胶-凝胶法负载TiO2膜对废水的光催化降解效率由13.8%提高到42.5%;铁离子掺杂1%可以使负载TiO2膜对废水的光催化效率由42.5%提高到68.9%。 相似文献
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铕掺杂纳米二氧化钛光催化实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以钛酸丁酯为原料,乙醇为溶剂,硝酸为抑制剂。采用溶胶凝胶法制备纳米粒子TiO2,用30w的紫外光灯模拟光源,溴甲酚紫模拟水中难降解的有机污染物,采用稀土铕掺杂的方法来提高TiO2的活性。XRD研究结果表明,稀土铕掺杂TiO2没有改变纳米TiO2的晶相结构;光催化结果表明,稀土铕掺杂的确能较明显的提高TiO2的光催化降解能力。90min内达到降解率由80%提高到98%以上。 相似文献
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以聚苯乙烯(PS)包覆油酸修饰过的纳米Fe3O4为磁核,在低温(90℃)、中性(pH=7左右)条件下,制备了以PS为惰性隔离层的磁载TiO2光催化剂.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外分光光度计(FT-IR)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)对催化剂的物相组成、形貌、表面性质、磁学性质进行了表征.以苯酚为模拟污染物,考察了其光催化活性,以自制的磁回收装置,考察其回收特性.结果表明,低温制备的TiO2为锐钛矿结构,平均粒径为2~5 nm,催化剂TiO2/PS/Fe3O4[其中物质的量比为n(TiO2)∶n(St)∶n(Fe3O4)=60∶2.5∶1]具有结构完整的壳/壳/核结构,TiO2在PS/Fe3O4表面负载牢固;光催化降解苯酚遵循一级反应动力学方程,TiO2/PS/Fe3O4[n(TiO2)∶n(St)∶n(Fe3O4)=60∶2.5∶1]的反应速率常数K=0.025 8,与纯TiO2的活性接近(K=0.026 2);循环使用5次后,反应速率常数仅降低0.003 4.所制催化剂具有较强的磁感应强度,平均回收率可达到92%以上.该低温水解法制备的磁载TiO2光催化剂具有良好的应用前景. 相似文献
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全氟辛酸(PFOA)是一种新的持久性有机污染物,其处置技术是研究的热点.以UV254 nm紫外灯为光源,采用商品TiO2(P25)对PFOA进行光催化降解实验,并考察pH、TiO2用量、初始浓度、反应气氛对降解的影响.结果表明,反应符合准一级动力学方程,pH对反应有重要影响,氧气存在下能提高反应效率.在pH为3,TiO2用量为1.5 g·L-1,通入空气条件下反应7 h实现基本降解,速率常数为0.4206 h-1.投加俘获剂实验表明,空穴(h+)是主要的活性物质,其对反应速率贡献率为66.1%;羟基自由基(·OH)也参与PFOA的降解过程;投加NaF实验表明,PFOA在TiO2上吸附是反应发生的首要条件.UPLC-QTOF/MS分析表明,PFOA光催化降解逐级生成短链全氟羧酸(PFCAs). 相似文献
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Preparation and performance of photocatalytic regenerationable activated carbon prepared via sol-gel TiO2 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Preparation of photocatalytic regenerationable activated carbon (AC) is the key step for the practical application of in situ regeneration of exhausted AC. A novel photocatalytic regenerationable AC was prepared by sol-gel TiO2 in this work. The adsorption and regeneration performance of TiO2/AC were evaluated using phenol as model compound. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and nitrogen (77 K) adsorption isotherm were used to determine the surface area, pore structure and the distribution of TiO2. The results showed that with the increase of TiO2 loading, adsorption capacity of TiO2/AC decreased and the regeneration efficiency increased. The photocatalytic regenerationable AC with suitable TiO2 loading (2 wt%) exhibited suitable adsorption capacity and regeneration efficiency. TiO2 located mainly in the entrance of macro-pore of carbon. The prepared TiO2/AC exhibited similar surface structure and pore structure with material carbon. 相似文献
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研究TiO2纤维光催化降解DMF水溶液的结果表明:氧化剂增强了TiO2纤维对DMF的降解能力,在其它反应条件相同情况下,O3/TiO2(F)对DMF降解率是air/TiO2(F)和H2O2/TiO2(F)的1.5倍左右,且降解速率提高2倍左右,COD分析表明DMF几乎完全矿化.同时实验过程中确定了DMF光催化降解中间产物仲胺的存在.以二甲胺为仲胺代表物进行光催化降解研究表明,中间产物仲胺的迅速降解是O3增强TiO2纤维降解效应的主要因素. 相似文献
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附载二氧化钛光催化降解水中对氯苯胺(PCA) 总被引:19,自引:1,他引:19
以紫外灯为光源 ,附载在镍网上的 TiO2 为催化剂 ,研究水中 PCA光催化降解动力学行为和机理 .结果表明 ,PCA的降解符合准一级动力学方程 ;初始 pH4~11对其反应速率影响较小 ;增大氧气浓度能加快 PCA的降解和脱氯速率 ;外加电位能大幅度提高 PCA的降解速率 .通过 GC-MS技术确定其降解中间产物主要有苯胺、硝基苯、对氯硝基苯、偶氮苯、4,4′-二氯偶氮苯等 ,它们最终矿化为 NH+4、Cl-、NO-3 和 CO2 .光催化能有效地降解 PCA但其矿化比降解需要更长的时间 . 相似文献
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A new gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed photocatalytic reactor (GLSCFBPR) with internally placed multi-layered UV lamps was developed. Micrometer Gd-TiO2 particles and commercial nanometer P25-TiO2 were chosen as the photocatalysts, and the hazardous substance bisphenol A (BPA) was chosen as the model pollutant to investigate the performance of this new photocatalytic system. The results showed that the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the micrometer Gd-TiO2 particles was similar to that of the nanometer P-25 particles at their respective optimum dosage but the former could be easily separated out by gravity. After investigating the effects of process parameters on the photocatalytic BPA degradation, the response surface method (RSM) was further used for process optimization. The interactions among process parameters, i.e., TiO2 concentration, superficial gas velocity and superficial liquid velocity were discovered and a related analysis was carried out to explore the underlying mechanism. A quadratic mathematic model was established and performed satisfactorily when used for prediction. The optimum conditions for this new process were as follows: TiO2 concentration 4.5 g/L, superficial gas velocity 7.83 × 10-3 m/sec and superficial liquid velocity 8.65 × 10-3 m/sec. 相似文献
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A new method for the preparation of rubber sheet strewn with titanium dioxide particles (TiO2-strewn sheet) is presented. This simple and low cost method is based on the use of TiO2 powder (Degussa P25) being strewn onto the sheet made from rubber latex (60% HA) through a steel sieve. The characteristic of the TiO2-strewn sheet was studied by using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) techniques. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2-strewn rubber sheet was evaluated using Indigo Carmine (IC) dye as a model for organic dye pollutant in water. The results showed that the TiO2-strewn sheet could degrade IC dye solution under UV light irradiation. The effects of pH, initial concentration, and the intensity of UV light on the photodegradation were also investigated. Kinetics of the photocatalytic degradation was of the first-order reaction. The used TiO2-strewn sheet can be recovered and reused. The recycling uses did not require any cleaning between successive uses and no decline in the photodegradation efficiency was observed compared with freshly prepared TiO2-strewn sheet. 相似文献
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LU Jian-wei LI Fang-bai GUO Ting LIN Lan-wen HOU Mei-fang LIU Tong-xu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2006,18(2):397-401
Introduction N um erous studies have utilized a strong oxidizing pow der of TiO 2 photocatalysts to degrade aqueous or gaseous toxic organic pollutants for w ater purification, w astew ater treatm ent and air pollution control (Fujishim a et al., 2001; K … 相似文献