金融发展、融资渠道与企业研发投入——基于中国高科技上市公司面板数据的实证研究CSSCI

以中国高科技上市公司2009—2015年面板数据为样本,就金融发展和融资渠道对我国企业研发投入的影响进行了实证研究。研究发现:(1)总体上看,我国高科技上市公司企业研发活动存在融资约束问题,金融发展可提高企业研发投入,且企业研发投入不依赖于股权融资而依赖于商业信用融资。(2)分地区看,东部地区的金融发展提高了企业研发投入,而中西部地区的金融发展与企业研发投入不相关。在东部和中西部地区,股权融资会降低企业研发投入,即在东部和中西部地区企业研发投入不依赖于股权融资。(3)从所有权性质看,在国有控股公司中,金融发展与企业研发投入不存在显著关系,国有企业的研发投入依赖于商业信用融资;但在私人控股公司中,金融发展会显著提高企业研发投入,非国有企业的研发投入不依赖于股权融资。从缓解企业研发投入的融资约束、增强高科技上市公司的企业研发投入角度,提出相关政策建议。     

金融发展、融资渠道与企业研发投入——基于中国高科技上市公司面板数据的实证研究

以中国高科技上市公司2009—2015年面板数据为样本,就金融发展和融资渠道对我国企业研发投入的影响进行了实证研究。研究发现:(1)总体上看,我国高科技上市公司企业研发活动存在融资约束问题,金融发展可提高企业研发投入,且企业研发投入不依赖于股权融资而依赖于商业信用融资。(2)分地区看,东部地区的金融发展提高了企业研发投入,而中西部地区的金融发展与企业研发投入不相关。在东部和中西部地区,股权融资会降低企业研发投入,即在东部和中西部地区企业研发投入不依赖于股权融资。(3)从所有权性质看,在国有控股公司中,金融发展与企业研发投入不存在显著关系,国有企业的研发投入依赖于商业信用融资;但在私人控股公司中,金融发展会显著提高企业研发投入,非国有企业的研发投入不依赖于股权融资。从缓解企业研发投入的融资约束、增强高科技上市公司的企业研发投入角度,提出相关政策建议。     

跨境电子商务发展探析以拉丁美洲为例

近年来,作为全球热点之一的跨境电子商务浪潮已从欧洲、北美扩散至亚太与拉丁美洲,拉丁美洲跨境电子商务市场备受关注。通过与全球其他区域比较,分析拉丁美洲跨境电子商务发展现状,发现存在一些共性与特性:发展速度快、移动化趋势明显、安全问题突出、跨境物流短板、语言文化障碍等成为发展的共性;而较低的网络普及率、社交媒体的突出作用、本国保护主义盛行、苛刻的海关政策等成为拉美跨境电子商务发展的特性。基于以上分析,提出一系列措施,以期对我国企业在运作拉丁美洲跨境电子商务市场时起到一定的参考价值。     

基于网络团购的民族地区旅行社电子商务发展研究

网络团购已经逐渐发展成为一种新兴的电子商务模式,团购产品的覆盖范围也已非常广泛.揭示了民族地区旅行社电子商务发展与网络团购的内在相关性和作用机理,并探讨了适合民族地区旅行社电子商务发展的网络团购模式,提出了发展民族地区旅行社电子商务的思路与对策.     

安徽省旅游景区电子商务生态系统评价与分析

旅游电子商务的发展带来了对旅游景区电子商务应用的关注。在对旅游价值链和旅游产业集群研究的基础上,用电子商务生态系统观点分析了旅游景区电子商务的应用,给出旅游景区电子商务生态系统示意图,并建立评价指标,采用调查问卷形式分析这些指标的重要性的期望值排名,对安徽省18个旅游景区进行实证研究。该研究有助于从整体把握旅游景区各参与方在其中的地位和影响,对发展旅游电子商务应用有一定的实践参考价值。     

“一带一路”沿线国家电子商务协同创新能力提升策略研究

当今世界经济飞速发展,区域经济合作已成为主流,各国正面临着经济升级转型攻坚阶段,需要充分有效地整合经济合作区域内的创新资源。而电子商务的协同创新有助于为经济主体减少全球化带来不确定性,促进经济技术进步。采用定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法,利用熵权法和灰色关联分析建立了电子商务协同创新能力评价体系,选取"一带一路"沿线的42个国家作为电子商务协同创新能力评价的研究对象,对其电子商务协同创新能力进行了综合评价,发现"一带一路"经济区电子商务的发展极不平衡,电子商务与物流之间的协同程度较差。结合"一带一路"经济区的发展特点和所处的具体环境,提出运用区块链技术改进区域内物流发展、加强跨边境人才培养等建议。     

东部资源枯竭型企业何以转向中西部?——基于系统耦合的视角

针对我国东部资源枯竭型企业向中西部资源富集地的转移问题,采取系统工程的原理,深度分析东部资源枯竭型企业的运营困境、优势要素和可行出路,以及中西部资源富集地的开发困境、优势要素和发展需求,探究双方优势要素耦合的可行性。研究表明:(1)东部资源枯竭型企业的可持续发展问题十分突出,解决的关键在于有效发挥自身的比较优势;(2)中西部资源开发存在产业集中度较低、资源浪费较多、安全隐患较大、环境破坏较重等问题,必须从管理体制和调控政策上进行有效创新;(3)东部资源枯竭型企业与中西部资源富集地双方优势要素具有明显的耦合性,促进双方优势要素的耦合,是助力企业走出资源枯竭困境,加快中西部资源产业转型升级的可行举措。     

环保企业集群的优势分析和发展建议

阐述了环保企业集群的定义,分析了环保企业集群的优势,列举了典型范例,给出了环保企业集群发展的建议。     

企业为什么要发展绿色经济?

全球绿色经济的发展方向,决定了企业竞争优势争夺的核心内容;各国绿色经济的微观基础(消费者环境友好型消费偏好)和宏观基础(各国的环境规制),决定了企业发展绿色经济的动力;各种形式的绿色经济活动所体现的企业利益所在,是企业发展绿色经济的努力方向。     

基于财务视角下的西部矿业企业核心竞争力分析

随着经济全球化的不断发展,企业之间的竞争日益加剧。虽然企业的规模和产品的价格是企业之间竞争的重要影响因素,企业环保投入的增加也会造成企业生产成本上升、产品销售压力增加、经济收益降低等现象~([1]),但企业核心竞争力才是企业在竞争中占有主导性地位的影响因素[2]。本文依据核心竞争力因素、财务分析法和SWOT分析法,对西部矿业企业的核心竞争力进行分析。通过分析,深入挖掘企业所拥有的优势资源,并梳理企业在发展过程中出现的一些问题以及应对环保成本增加对经济效益影响的策略,为西部矿业增强竞争优势提出针对性的建议。随着科学、技术、农业及现代化工的快速发展,有色金属对人类发展的重要性不言而喻。不可再生的有色金属是国民经济、人民日常生活、国防工业、科学技术发展不可缺少的重要材料。并且由于我国仍处于有色金属"大"国阶段,所以确定出西部矿业股份有限公司基于财务视角下核心竞争力的优势,其分析结果不仅对西部矿业股份有限公司的进一步发展有实用价值,而且对其他矿业同行的发展也有一定的借鉴意义。     

The Supreme Court,the commerce clause,and natural resources

The Supreme Court's interpretation of the commerce clause controls the balance of power between state and federal governments in the United States. An understanding of the relationship between the different government levels is essential for resource managers concerned with resource and environmental issues. This study examines selected Supreme Court decisions between 1976 and 1988 to answer three questions raised by the commerce clause: (1) Is the regulated item an article of commerce? (2) Do state laws burden interstate commerce? (3) Is federal commerce regulation limited? The balance of power among the justices and the commerce clause theories affecting the federal role in resource management are also examined. Since ratification of the Constitution, the Supreme Court has continuously increased federal power, but states have power to act independently as long as contradictory federal laws do not exist and state law does not impermissively affect commerce. If Congress regulates an individual's use of resources, their power is unquestioned. Future Court decisions will not significantly reduce the federal role in resource management even if the Court's membership changes. Even the supporters of states' rights on the Court realize increased federal power is a necessary part of the country's evolution. The purpose of the commerce clause is to create a national economic unit with free location principles. The Court supports this purpose today and will in the future.     

Economic appraisal and evaluation of UK waste minimisation clubs: proposals to inform the design of sustainable clubs

Waste minimisation clubs have been established for some 12 years in the UK. During that time, they have been significant driving forces in disseminating sustainable waste management practices in industry and commerce. Clubs have also demonstrated that they can achieve significant reductions in levels of waste. However, data on the economic benefits of these clubs remain scanty and disparate. In addition, no standard methodology has developed to assess whether the investment costs of clubs can be justified on grounds of either economic welfare or sustainable development, despite the theoretical advantages from doing so. Against this background, the paper considers the need for economic appraisal and evaluation of waste minimisation clubs and discusses how these methods could be applied to the creation of clubs that will be sustainable over time.     

Brave New World: California Finalizes Safer Consumer Products Regulations

Products in commerce in California are targeted, but the program has national and international implications     

秦皇岛市商业低碳化研究

2001—2010年秦皇岛市商业行业碳排放量分析结果显示,秦皇岛商业行业碳排放不论从总量还是排放强度均呈现增加趋势。通过剖析商业低碳化的制约因素,对秦皇岛市商业低碳化发展提出了相关建议：商业企业应积极进行内部治理,控制商业建筑的碳排放并合理选择供应商;发挥政府的主导作用,为低碳商业的发展提供良好的外部环境;合理规划商业产业与商业网点布局,积极引导、促进商业领域低碳技术的使用和发展;建立低碳商业发展专项资金,为中小型商业企业提供资金支持;加强对低碳消费的引导力度。     

HALT试验技术综述

HALT试验是产品设计研发初期发现新产品应力缺陷的有限而快速的试验方法.相对于一般振动试验,其可达到的频率范围较高,且可实现六自由度振动和快速温变的综合.相对于一般环境试验中的高低温试验,其温变速率快很多.鉴于此试验方法的优越性,HALT试验在电子产品设计、研发阶段中已被广泛使用.     

废印刷线路板处置和非金属回收利用研究进展

废印刷线路板的资源化处置一直是电子废弃物处理的热点和难点,目前有多种方法已经投入应用或者在研究阶段,这些方法在分离效率、回收率、操作简单性、本身环境友好性、有无二次污染等方面有不同的优缺点。目前主流的广泛采用的方法是分步处理,破碎后利用物理方法进行分选,得到的金属和非金属组分再分别进行进一步的回收利用。本文对近年来废印刷线路板的总体处置技术和物理分选后非金属的回收利用的研究进行了总结,并对将来的研究方向进行了展望,为废印刷线路板资源化再利用产业化发展提供参考。     

大型复杂电子系统电子元器件选用与管理方法研究

电子元器件是组成电子系统的最小单元,电子元器件的选用与管理是电子系统设计中最关键的一步,也是系统质量和可靠性的基础。本文从电子元器件管理架构、电子元器件的优选以及进口电子元器件的选用控制等方面提出了一套大型复杂电子系统电子元器件选用与管理方法,以加强和规范系统电子元器件的管理和选用,提高大型复杂电子系统的质量和可靠性。     

HYDROLOGIC DATA ACQUISITION AM) THE INSTRLMENTATION GAP1

Any scheme for developing our water resources must eventually focus on the hydrologic theme for answers to pressing questions about anticipated availability of water. These answers will only be as realistic as the data is reliable, inferring accuracy as well as sufficiency. To that effect, more hydrologic and meteorologic data collection stations must be added to the existing network throughout the country, and the basic instrumentation presently in use should be made more versatile, but without an accompanying near-astronomical increase in cost and in complexity. The ubiquitous so-called current meters are a case in point. Current meters have almost certainly received more man-hours of use in the field of Water Resources than any other instrument ever devised to measure stream velocity. In spite of more esoteric equipment appearing on the specialized market each year, the time-honored method of stream gaging by the velocity-area method is still widely practiced, and the basic instrument remains the current meter. The same persistent use is essentially true for the anemometer, or “wind current meter.” Over the past 30 years, a great many studies have been made to define operational parameters, particularly with respect to the statistics of data reliability. Today's needs are different from those acceptable a few years back, yet in many instances yesterday's instrument can be metamorphosed to satisfy present practice. Besides a discussion of some of the fundamental problems of data collection which must be accounted for in all areas of water resources where water and air currents must be known in space and in time, the authors present a brief critique of several new hybrid types of current meters. Two of these meters were designed especially to fill the gap between sophisticated and specialized equipment of high cost, and relatively inexpensive simpler devices lacking however the advantages of automation and self-recording features. Since the mechanical performance of current meters has been the subject of many past studies fully reported in various professional journals, it appeared advantageous to develop electronic refinements on such a type of widely used instrument. A period of research, first at Washington State University and presently at Clarkson College of Technology, produced two electronic packages applicable to current meters. The rationale of these studies was to increase the usefulness of current meters by providing velocity readout, either instantaneous or time-averaged; to include data recording on tape if and when such would be desired, together with the necessary playback facility; and to keep the electronic system independent of the current meter size. The paper describes in some detail the photo-electronic tachometer which seems to offer more reliability and flexibility of operation than induction-type transducers. One of the features most worthy of consideration is the adaptability of such device to any size of current meter frame and vanes. The rotation of an impeller one-half inch in diameter is recorded by the instrument as faithfully as that of one six inches in diameter. Where velocity transients are to be observed, the advantages of a greatly reduced inertia are evident. The inherent ruggedness of low current drain transistors and integrated circuits should make this light-actuated meter readout device well-suited for remote applications.     

Evaluating the policy to restrict the potentially invasive black carp (Mylopharyngodon Piceus): A decision protocol with assurance bonding

The introduction of potentially invasive species is a concern to the public and the aquaculture industry. Used to protect channel catfish from infectious trematode infestations, the non-indigenous black carp has been evaluated by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and deemed potentially ‘injurious’ under the terms of the Lacey Act. Consequently, the black carp may be restricted from interstate commerce and eventually removed from US waters. An alternative approach to evaluating the risks posed by invasive species is considered and compared to that used by the USFWS. Short of outright restriction, reasonable options for management of such invasive species probably exist, including better use of environmental assurance bonds and return-deposit models.