共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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This paper investigates the effect of low emission zones on air quality and birth outcomes in Germany. The staggered introduction of the policy measure creates a credible natural experiment and a natural control group for births and air pollution measurements in cities that enact low emission zones. I show that the introduction of the most restrictive type of low emission zone decreases average levels of fine particulate matter by about 4 percent and by up to 8 percent at a city's highest-polluting monitor. Low emission zones also reduce the number of days per year on which legal pollution limits are exceeded by three. However, these reductions are too small to translate into substantial improvements in infant health. My results are not driven by changes in maternal or city specific characteristics, and are robust to variations in specification and to the choice of control group. 相似文献
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Jiuli Yang Mingyang Liu Qu Cheng Lingyue Yang Xiaohui Sun Haidong Kan Yang Liu Michelle L. Bell Rohini Dasan Huiwang Gao Xiaohong Yao Yang Gao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(5):56
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Extreme value analysis of Munich air pollution data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We present three different approaches to modelling extreme values of daily air pollution data. We fitted a generalized extreme
value distribution to the monthly maxima of daily concentration measures. For the exceedances of a high threshold depending
on the data, the parameters of the generalized Pareto distribution were estimated. Accounting for autocorrelation, clusters
of exceedances were used. To obtain information about the relationship of the exceedance of the air quality standard and possible
predictors we applied logistic regression. Results and their interpretation are given for daily average concentrations of
ozone and nitrogen dioxide at two monitoring sites within the city of Munich. 相似文献
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广州市区大气污染特征与影响因子分析 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
以2000—2004年广州市国控测点的空气环境质量自动监测结果为基础数据,以我国《大气环境质量标准》的日平均质量浓度二级标准为依据计算广州市2000—2004年的各大气污染物的指数及污染负荷率,阐明广州市区主要大气污染物SO2、NO2、PM10、CO的地域分布特征、季节变化特征、年际变化特征以及由于大气中的酸性物质而形成的酸雨的变化特征并提出研究对策。结果表明:各污染物质量浓度存在明显的季节变化规律,除SO2春夏秋季污染最严重,其余几项污染程度由高到低的顺序均为冬季,春季,秋季,夏季。近5年来空气中的一氧化碳呈显著下降趋势,但二氧化硫、二氧化氮和可吸入颗粒物则呈显著上升趋势,综合污染指数也呈明显上升趋势;酸雨频率呈不显著上升且夏秋季污染大于春冬两季。广州市大气污染分布规律与风向频率以北和东北偏北方向较大,东和东南方向次之的分布基本一致。 相似文献
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We estimate the effect of short-term air pollution exposure (PM2.5 and ozone) on several categories of crime, with a particular emphasis on aggressive behavior. To identify this relationship, we combine detailed daily data on crime, air pollution, and weather for an eight-year period across the United States. Our primary identification strategy employs extremely high dimensional fixed effects and we perform a series of robustness checks to address confounding variation between temperature and air pollution. We find a robust positive effect of increased air pollution on violent crimes, and specifically assaults, but no relationship between increases in air pollution and property crimes. The effects are present in and out of the home, at levels well below Ambient Air Pollution Standards, and PM2.5 effects are strongest at lower temperatures. The results suggest that a 10% reduction in daily PM2.5 and ozone could save $1.4 billion in crime costs per year, a previously overlooked cost associated with pollution. 相似文献
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Elizabeth Eastman Kelly A. Stevens Cesunica Ivey Haofei Yu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(5):63
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The promise of Beijing: Evaluating the impact of the 2008 Olympic Games on air quality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yuyu Chen Ginger Zhe Jin Naresh Kumar Guang Shi 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》2013
To prepare for the 2008 Olympic Games, China adopted a number of radical measures to improve air quality. Using the officially reported air pollution index (API) from 2000 to 2009, we show that these measures improved the API of Beijing during and a little after the Games, but a significant proportion of the effect faded away by October 2009. For comparison, we also analyze an objective and indirect measure of air quality at a high spatial resolution – aerosol optimal depth (AOD), derived using the data from NASA satellites. The AOD analysis confirms the real but temporary improvement in air quality, it also shows a significant correlation between air quality improvement and the timing and location of plant closure and traffic control. These results suggest that it is possible to achieve real environmental improvement via stringent policy interventions, but for how long the effects of these interventions will last will largely depend on the continuation of the interventions. 相似文献
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Jianxun Yang Qi Gao Miaomiao Liu John S. Ji Jun Bi 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(2):20
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The impact of climate changes on the pollution levels in Denmark is the major topic of this paper. Variations of the Danish air pollution levels that are caused by climatic changes are studied together with variations caused by other factors (emissions, inter-annual variability of meteorological conditions, etc.). The Unified Danish Eulerian Model (UNI-DEM) was run on a fine, 10 km × 10 km, grid over a space domain covering all of Europe to minimize the influence of the boundary conditions on the Danish pollution levels. This study is based on four categories of scenarios: (i) traditional scenarios, (ii) climatic scenarios, (iii) scenarios with variations of the human-made (anthropogenic) emissions and (iv) scenarios in which the biogenic emissions were varied. The total number of applied scenarios was 14, and a time-period of 16 years was used. The results show clearly that although the concentrations of the major pollutants do not depend too much on the climatic changes, some quantities, in particular quantities related to high ozone levels, might be increased significantly as a result of the warming trends in the future climate. The reason for this phenomenon is explained. 相似文献
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A hydraulic jump is characterized by strong energy dissipation and mixing, large-scale turbulence, air entrainment, waves,
and spray. Despite recent pertinent studies, the interaction between air bubbles diffusion and momentum transfer is not completely
understood. The objective of this paper is to present experimental results from new measurements performed in a rectangular
horizontal flume with partially developed inflow conditions. The vertical distributions of the void fraction and the air bubbles
count rate were recorded for inflow Froude number Fr
1 in the range from 5.2 to 14.3. Rapid detrainment process was observed near the jump toe, whereas the structure of the air
diffusion layer was clearly observed over longer distances. These new data were compared with previous data generally collected
at lower Froude numbers. The comparison demonstrated that, at a fixed distance from the jump toe, the maximum void fraction
C
max increases with the increasing Fr
1. The vertical locations of the maximum void fraction and bubble count rate were consistent with previous studies. Finally,
an empirical correlation between the upper boundary of the air diffusion layer and the distance from the impingement point
was derived. 相似文献
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Hao Zheng Jian Cheng Hung Chak Ho Baoli Zhu Zhen Ding Wencong Du Xin Wang Yang Yu Juan Fei Zhiwei Xu Jinyi Zhou Jie Yang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(9):105
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酸沉降和大气污染对华南典型森林生态系统生物量的影响 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
调查酸沉降和大气污染对华南典型森林生态系统植物生物量的影响。结果发现,环境污染对树木的生长以及森林生物量影响较大。采用树干解析方法研究发现,不管是尾叶桉还是马尾松其树高、胸径和材积连年生长量基本趋势是污染地区样地比清洁区样地低。尾叶桉和马尾松林分中的生物量也是污染区样地比清洁区样地低。污染区样地中尾叶桉和马尾松林分总生物量分别为66.89t·hm-2和77.56t·hm-2,仅分别为清洁区的78.89%和94.49%。环境污染均促进这两个树种根系的生长,而抑制其干材的生长。尾叶桉和马尾松根系生物量占林木层生物量比例:污染区样地分别为65.16%和15.08%;清洁区分别为40.50%和14.48%。此两个树种干材生物量占林木层生物量比例:污染区样地分别为19.87%和57.71%;清洁区分别为38.15%和70.33%。本研究结果将为华南地区森林生态系统的保护提供科学依据。 相似文献
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This article assesses the air pollution data from two monitoring stations in Kuwait. The measurements cover major pollutants, i.e., CO, CO2, methanated and non-methanated hydrocarbons, NO x , SO2, O3, and particulate matter (PM10). The data also includes meteorological parameters, i.e., solar intensity, temperature, wind speed, and wind direction, and has been collected over a period 4 years, from 2001 to 2004. Data analysis includes the assessment of annual hourly averages and 1-h maxima. Typical pollutant concentration trends, similar to those previously reported for Kuwait and for other locations around the world, are observed except for particulate matter measurements, which have higher values because of proximity to the desert. Emissions of nitrogen oxides show a consistent increase over the years. This is caused by the increase in the number of motor vehicles and the expansion in power generation and industrial activities. The data collected is a subset of the air quality criteria, as defined by the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 相似文献
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以广州市环境监测站2007年1月—2009年12月监测的空气污染指数(API)以及SO2、NO2、PM10等污染物为研究对象,探讨了广州市空气污染的变化规律;并分析它们与常规观测的地面气象资料之间的关系;建立了API指数以及SO2、NO2、PM10等污染物的预报方程;为了弥补单纯基于数学模型预报的不足,分析和确定了造成广州严重空气污染的典型天气类型和相关指标,以便在具体的业务预报中可以根据天气形势和相关指标做进一步的订正;该预报方法于2010年10月起应用于广州市环境监测中心站,作为2010年16届亚运会广州空气质量预报预警服务的重要工具之一,运行服务效果良好. 相似文献
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不同植被对工业污染区盐渍土的改良效果 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以包头市西郊工业污染区盐渍化弃耕地为对象,研究了不同植被对土壤水盐动态和体积质量的影响。研究表明,造林后使林地内草本植物得到较快恢复,且归还土壤的枯落物比木本植物多,改良盐渍土壤和促进脱盐的作用较好;随植被盖度增加,盐渍土土壤含盐量和体积质量降低,盐渍土性状逐步改善。因此,在实施以耐盐树种造林为先导的工业污染区盐渍土恢复植被工程时,应适当降低造林密度,以利于林地内草本植物的恢复和建立林草复合植被,提高工业污染区盐渍土的生物治理效果。 相似文献
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Xuying Ma Ian Longley Jennifer Salmond Jay Gao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(3):44
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Yanxiao Si Fang Zhang Hong Chen Guanghe Li Haichuan Zhang Dun Liu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(6):112