曝气生物滤池在入库水处理中的应用

在低温情况下,对官厅水库入库水进行了曝气生物滤他的生物预处理可行性研究,结果表明,水温低于5℃,该工艺对有机物和氨氮的去除率较常温有所下降,在0.5～5℃时,CODMn平均去除率为33．1％,氨氯平均去除率为43.1％。     

曝气生物活性炭滤池深度处理高浓度氨氮原水

实验研究曝气生物活性炭滤池对于高浓度氨氮原水的处理效果以及工艺运行稳定情况。以某自来水厂常规工艺沉淀池出水预加硫酸铵作为研究对象,原水氨氮平均浓度3.67 mg/L,实验条件:温度31.2℃,pH 7.13,滤速8~12 m/h,气水比0.5和1。采用3种不同工况条件进行实验,确定滤速10 m/h和气水比0.5的为最佳运行工况。在此工况下曝气生物活性炭滤池对于氨氮和COD Mn的平均去除率分别达到87.5%和19.2%,亚硝酸盐积累率为0.9%;出水氨氮浓度达到生活饮用水卫生标准GB5749-2006。同时炭滤池的出水浊度相比进水略微上升。     

电路板生产废水硝化系统波动解析及生物增效应用

以某电路板生产企业硝化系统崩溃后的物化出水为研究对象,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对物化出水成分进行了分析,解析了硝化系统崩溃的原因,同时采用活性炭吸附、Fenton强化和活性污泥回流3种预处理方法结合生物增效剂重建硝化系统。结果表明:物化出水中含有的硫脲和其他苯酚类硝化抑制物是导致硝化系统崩溃的主要原因;投加生物增效剂并结合剩余污泥回流点切换的方式,可快速地重新建立硝化系统,使氨氮含量降低至0.41 mg·L~(-1),去除率达到98.9%。工程实践结果表明,将此方法应用于电路板生产企业硝化系统,在15 d内将A/O生化系统的氨氮的去除率从-20%～20%提升至90%～95%。以上结果为电路板生产废水生产企业污水处理系统硝化系统重建提供一种经济、可行的方法。     

氧化铁改性砂联合生物预处理对氨氮的吸附特性

对含氨氮(NH_3-N)的微污染原水,采用自制氧化铁改性石英砂(iron oxide coated sand,IOCS)滤料强化过滤与生物预处理技术联合,进行强化处理与吸附效果研究。结果表明,采用强化挂膜法,生物预处理反应器的生物膜成熟期约为7 d,其对氨氮的去除率为60%~70%,但反应器中存在亚硝酸盐氮积累的现象。IOCS与生物预处理技术联合,对NH_3-N的平均去除率为84.67%,出水NH_3-N浓度均低于0.5 mg/L,NO_2~--N含量趋于0;而普通石英砂(RQS)在同等条件下,对氨氮的去除效果不稳定,平均去除率为74.31%,出水NH_3-N平均浓度未达标,对NO_2~--N平均去除率仅有33.29%。在4m/h滤速工况下,与生物预处理技术联合,IOCS和RQS对NH_3-N最高去除率分别为94.3%和82.72%。IOCS与RQS的表面形态结构存在明显差异:前者的表面结构更加复杂多孔,比表面积大,有利于生物牢固附着;后者表面较光滑,比表面积小,挂膜后生物易脱落。     

气水比对曝气生物活性炭处理原水的影响

针对从臭氧-活性炭工艺中开发出来的预臭氧-曝气生物活性炭,在不同气水比工况下进行实验,分析了不同气水比对曝气生物活性炭处理微污染原水的影响与作用。结果表明:在滤速为8～12 m/h,空床接触时间为11.5～15.4 min,装填密度为510 g/L条件下,不同气水比对去除氨氮的影响大于对CODMn的影响。气水比为0.3∶1时,对氨氮浓度为1.65～2.10 mg/L范围的进水平均去除率为81.9%,亚硝酸盐氮平均积累率为1.4%,CODMn去除率为70.6%。当气水比逐渐增加时,氨氮平均去除率有所提高,亚硝酸盐氮积累率则有所下降,对较低浓度的CODMn影响不大。     

陶粒生物滤池低温处理黄河水研究

进行了利用陶粒生物滤池工艺低温生物预处理黄河微污染水的研究,结果表明,温度的降低对陶粒生物滤池去除CODMn、UV254和氨氮的影响不明显,其平均去除率分别为11%、22.2%和61.2%。水温低于5℃时出水中亚硝酸氮浓度升高。此外,低水温条件下陶粒上生物膜脱氢酶活性仍然较高。     

生物活性炭填料反应器处理含盐水体的硝化性能

以颗粒活性炭为填料,采用盐度梯度两步驯化法构建含盐水体生物滤器硝化功能,研究了生物滤器稳定后水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)、进水氨氮负荷和CODMn/N等对反应器硝化性能的影响。结果表明,25～27℃,盐度30的含盐水体生物滤器硝化功能构建需73 d,其中淡水生物滤器硝化功能构建需28 d,淡水驯化为盐度15的生物滤器需19 d,盐度15驯化为盐度30的生物滤器需26 d;实验条件下生物活性炭填料反应器中生物量达到146～742.1 nmolP/g-BAC;调节进水氨氮浓度2 mg/L左右时,最佳HRT为1 h,氨氮去除率达到84.98%,相应的氨氧化菌和硝酸菌氧吸收速率(oxygen uptake rate,OUR)分别为2.091和1.948 mg O2/(g-BAC.h);HRT为1 h时,随着进水氨氮负荷的加大,氨氮去除率逐渐降低,当进水氨氮负荷由0.12增加到0.48 g-N/(kg-BAC.d)时,氨氮去除率由84.98%降低到41.68%,同时氨氧化菌OUR由2.091降低到0.625 mg O2/(g-BAC.h);随着CODMn/N的升高,氨氮去除率下降,CODMn/N从1～8时,氨氮去除率由84.98%降低到53.64%,CODMn去除率却逐渐增加,由40.86%增加到93.59%,异养菌OUR随着CODMn/N升高呈上升趋势,最大达到0.914 mg O2/(g-BAC.h)。     

矿化污泥生物反应器处理生活垃圾填埋场老龄渗滤液

经长时间稳定化形成的矿化污泥中,含有种类丰富和数量繁多的降解性微生物,具有处理渗滤液的潜力。建立3个矿化污泥生物反应器,即C1(粉煤灰0%),C2(粉煤灰9.1%),C3(粉煤灰16.7%),以处理垃圾填埋场老龄渗滤液。在单级矿化污泥反应器中,当进水COD和NH3-N分别约为1350和900 mg/L时,水力负荷为17.7～70.8 L/(m3.d),COD去除率可超过65%,氨氮的去除率可超过94%。粉煤灰的加入一定程度上降低了COD去除率,但有助于氨氮的去除。在二级矿化污泥生物反应器中(即C3～C1串联),水力负荷为35.4 L/(m3.d)的工况下,当COD、TOC、IC和NH3-N分别为1 500～2 500,500～900,1 200～1 600和1 200～1 450 mg/L时,出水可达到COD<300 mg/L,TOC<180 mg/L,IC<100 mg/L,NH3-N<5 mg/L。但是,矿化污泥生物反应器对渗滤液总氮的去除率较低,仅为20%左右。     

污染物负荷对曝气生物滤池处理效果的影响研究

考察了进水有机负荷和氨氮负荷对曝气生物滤池出水水质的影响.结果表明,系统COD、氨氮和TN的去除率随进水有机负荷的增加而下降,在氨氮为28.3～33.6 mg/L、TN为39.0～45.8 mg/L条件下,有机负荷小于3.53 kg/(ms3·d)时,出水COD、氨氮和TN分别小于50、5、15 mg/L,去除率分别在85%、85%和65%以上;氨氮和TN的去除率随氨氮负荷的增加而下降,在COD为287.6～313.4 mg/L、氨氮负荷小于0.56 kg/(m3·d)时,出水氨氮小于8 mg/L,去除率在85%以上,出水TN小于15mg/L,去除率在65%以上.     

臭氧-生物沸石处理有机微污染水研究

研究了臭氧氧化、生物过滤、沸石吸附对微污染水中有机物的不同处理效果和组合工艺的竞争、协同效果。结果表明:对于CODMn为6.30～7.20 mg/L的原水,在臭氧投加量为2.1 mg/L,接触时间为15 min时,CODMn的去除率可达10.8%;沸石吸附对CODMn的平均去除率为11.5%,生物沸石对CODMn的平均去除率为32.3%。臭氧-沸石工艺的CODMn平均去除率为15.6%,小于工艺组成单元的单独去除率的加和,各单元在有机物处理上存在竞争关系。臭氧-生物沸石工艺的CODMn平均去除率为45.5%,大于臭氧氧化和生物过滤独立单元去除率的加和,各单元之间为协同作用关系,因此宜采用臭氧-生物沸石工艺处理有机微污染水体。     

生物铁法去除维生素B1生产废水中COD的试验研究

生物铁法是一种新型的强化活性污泥法,处理高浓度、难生物降解维生素B1生产废水具有很大的优势.当进水COD浓度维持在8000 mg/L时,COD的去除率可达94%以上,比普通活性污泥法高出9.7%.生物铁法污泥絮凝沉淀效果好,能保证系统有较高浓度的回流污泥,从而使曝气池的污泥浓度得到提高,COD的去除率也会相应地提高.     

生物铁法去除维生素B1生产废水中COD的试验研究

生物铁法是一种新型的强化活性污泥法，处理高浓度、难生物降解维生素B1生产废水具有很大的优势。当进水COD浓度维持在8000mg／L时，COD的去除率可达94％以上，比普通活性污泥法高出9．7％。生物铁法污泥絮凝沉淀效果好，能保证系统有较高浓度的回流污泥，从而使曝气池的污泥浓度得到提高，COD的去除率也会相应地提高。     

Occurrence and fate of heavy metals in the wastewater treatment process

The occurrence and the fate of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe and Ni) during the wastewater treatment process were investigated in the wastewater treatment plant (WTP) of the city of Thessaloniki, northern Greece, operating in the activated sludge mode. For this purpose, wastewater and sludge samples were collected from six different points of the plant, namely, the influent (raw wastewater, RW), the effluent of the primary sedimentation tank (primary sedimentation effluent, PSE), the effluent of the secondary sedimentation tank (secondary sedimentation effluent, SSE), sludge from the primary sedimentation tank (primary sludge, PS), activated sludge from the recirculation stream (activated sludge, AS), and the digested/dewatered sludge (final sludge, FS).

The distribution of metals between the aqueous and the solid phase of wastewater was investigated. Good exponential correlation was found between the metal partition coefficient, logK_p, and the suspended solids concentration. The mass balance of heavy metals in the primary, secondary and the whole treatment process showed good closures for all metal species. The relative distribution of individual heavy metals in the treated effluent and the sludge streams indicated that Mn and Cu are primarily (>70%) accumulated in the sludge, while 47–63% of Cd, Cr, Pb, Fe, Ni and Zn remain in the treated effluent.     

分点进水A/O工艺处理低碳源生活污水的脱氮性能研究

针对低C/N比污水脱氮的难点问题,在缺氧段不同点设置进水口,采用分点进水A/O工艺处理校园生活污水.考察了在污泥回流比为100%,硝化液回流比为200%,分流比为1∶1,缺氧池水力停留时间(HRT)分别为2、2.4和3 h情况下,分点进水A/O工艺的反硝化性能,并与传统的A/O工艺进行比较.结果表明,当缺氧池的水力停留...     

复合生物反应器工艺对化纤废水的处理研究

在普通活性污泥系统的曝气池中投加一定量的填料构成复合生物反应器 ,可以增加曝气池中的生物体量至 6g/L左右 ,在HRT为 8h ,泥龄为 5d时 ,CODCr、氨氮的去除率分别提高了 2 0 %和9.6% ,容积负荷对复合生物反应器的脱氮能力影响较小。该工艺对污泥膨胀有较好的控制     

A／O-MBR工艺处理校园生活污水中水回用工程的设计与运行

针对Et处理量为1500m3的高校中水处理设施,论述了缺氧／好氧-MBR（A／O—MBR）处理工艺运行特性,完成了长效监测及经济性评价。系统MBR池污泥浓度（MLSS）控制在8～12g／L,缺氧池和好氧池水力停留时间（HRT）分别为3h和7h,污泥回流比为200％～300％。当进水COD、总氮、氨氮平均浓度分别为481．3、75．1和65．8mg／L时,出水COD、总氮、氨氮平均浓度分别为16．5、13．4和0．7mg／L,平均去除率分别为96．4％、81．9％和99．0％。在进行化学除磷的情况下,出水总磷的平均浓度为0．8mg／L,平均去除率86．5％。出水水质优于《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》（GB／T18920—2002）中的相应水质指标要求。经济性分析结果显示,该中水站的电耗为0．58kWh／m3。     

The behaviors and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a coking wastewater treatment plant

The occurrence, behaviors and fate of 18 PAHs were investigated in a coking wastewater treatment plant in Songshan coking plant, located in Shaoguan, Guangdong Province of China. It was found that the target compounds occurred widely in raw coking wastewater, treated effluent, sludge and gas samples. In raw coking wastewater, high molecular weight (MW) PAHs were the dominant compounds, while 3-6 ring PAHs predominated in the final effluent. The dominant compounds in gas samples were phenathrene, fluoranthene and pyrene, while they were fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene and benzo[k]fluoranthene for sludge. The process achieved over 97% removal for all the PAHs, 47-92% of eliminations of these target compounds in liquid phase were achieved in biological stage. Different behaviors of PAHs were observed in the primary tank, anaerobic tank, aerobic tank, hydrolytic tank and coagulation tank units, while heavier and lower ones were mainly removed in anaerobic tank and aerobic tanks, respectively. Regarding the fate of PAHs, calculated fractions of mass losses for low MW PAHs due to transformation and adsorption to sludge accounted for 15-50% and 24-49%, respectively, while the rest was less than 1%. For high MW PAHs, the mass losses were mainly due to adsorption to sludge and separation with tar (contributing 56-76% and 22-39%, respectively), and the removal through transformation was less.     

高氨氮污泥脱水液短程硝化反硝化的启动及稳定

采用A/O-CSTR工艺处理高氨氮污泥脱水液。进水氨氮浓度浓度约为375 mg/L,C/N比小于1.0,反硝化碳源明显不足。A/O反应器完成短程硝化反应,CSTR定期投加初沉污泥作为碳源进行反硝化。两者联合达到总氮去除的目的。实验研究短程硝化反应的启动过程,以及CSTR出水回流对短程硝化和系统脱氮效果的影响。实验结果表明系统具有良好的硝化反硝化效果。A/O反应器亚硝酸盐积累率迅速提高并稳定在90%以上。CSTR有效利用初沉污泥实现了稳定的反硝化。出水回流有利于提高总氮去除率,在回流比为200%时,系统平均总氮去除率达到85%以上。     

耦合回流污泥预浓缩系统的新型氧化沟工艺强化除磷

针对传统的"厌氧+氧化沟"运行模式对低碳源污水除磷能力不佳的问题,采用耦合回流污泥预浓缩系统的新型氧化沟工艺对其强化除磷进行了中试实验研究。通过采用回流污泥预浓缩系统,调试回流污泥浓缩比,提高系统的除磷能力。研究结果表明,在控制最佳回流污泥浓缩比为55%的情况下,出水TP浓度和去除率分别为0.92 mg/L和67.5%,相比于浓缩比为100%、70%、50%和30%的工况,其去除率分别增加了24.3%、27.3%、8.2%和28.6%,强化了系统的除磷效果。另外,ORP可以预示预缺氧池内无效释磷和反硝化程度,以此作为自动调整最佳回流污泥浓缩比的控制参数。     

Effects of reduced return activated sludge flows and volume on anaerobic zone performance for a septic wastewater biological phosphorus removal system.

Enhanced biological phosphorous removal (EBPR) performance was found to be adequate with reduced return-activated sludge (RAS) flows (50% of available RAS) to the anaerobic tank and smaller-than-typical anaerobic zone volume (1.08 hours hydraulic retention time [HRT]). Three identical parallel biological nutrient removal pilot plants were fed with strong, highly fermented (160 mg/L volatile fatty acids [VFAs]), domestic and industrial wastewater from a full-scale wastewater treatment facility. The pilot plants were operated at 100, 50, 40, and 25% RAS (percent of available RAS) flows to the anaerobic tank, with the remaining RAS to the anoxic tank. In addition, varying anaerobic HRT (1.08 and 1.5 hours) and increased hydraulic loading (35% increase) were examined. The study was divided into four phases, and the effect of these process variations on EBPR were studied by having one different variable between two identical systems. The most significant conclusion was that returning part of the RAS to the anaerobic zone did not decrease EBPR performance; instead, it changed the location of phosphorous release and uptake. Bringing less RAS to the anaerobic and more to the anoxic tank decreased anaerobic phosphorus release and increased anoxic phosphorus release (or decreased anoxic phosphorus uptake). Equally important is that, with VFA-rich influent wastewater, excessive anaerobic volume was shown to hurt overall phosphorus removal, even when it resulted in increased anaerobic phosphorus release.