制浆厂污泥制备活性炭吸附剂

以制浆厂污泥为原料,采用ZnCl2法、H2SO4法和KOH法3种化学活化法制备活性炭吸附剂,并对产物吸附苯酚性能的影响因素进行比较分析.结果表明,采用ZnCl2法和H2SO4法制备的活性炭吸附剂的效果明显优于KOH法,ZnCl2法为最佳制备方法,在其最佳制备条件下(ZnCl2浓度3 mol/L,活化温度800℃,活化时间30 min,升温速率20℃/min)制得的活性炭比表面积可达到500.98 m2/g,得率为46.9％,对苯酚的去除率为70.4％.采用ZnCl2法和H2SO4法在最佳制备条件下可以制备孔径分布较宽,中孔结构发达的活性炭.     

脱水污泥制备含炭吸附剂及其应用研究

采用热解炭化法、物理活化法、化学活化法制备污泥含炭吸附剂,通过静态吸附实验研究各种影响污泥含炭吸附剂吸附性能的因素.实验结果表明,采用化学活化法制得的污泥含炭吸附剂吸附性能最好,在以ZnCl2为活化剂、锯末添加剂投加量为脱水污泥质量的1%、ZnCl2为3 mol/L、活化温度为450 ℃、活化时间为1.5 h、固液质量比(干污泥与活化剂溶液的质量比)为1:4的最佳制备条件下,制得的污泥含炭吸附剂碘吸附值在520 mg/g以上,产物收率>60%,比表面积>230 m2/g,总孔容积为0.35 mL/g,其中微孔容积为0.08 mL/g,中孔容积为0.23 mL/g.利用其处理城市污水,其对COD、色度、TP的去除率好于选定的商品颗粒活性炭.     

响应曲面法优化CO2活化制备夏威夷坚果壳基活性炭

采用CO2物理活化法将废弃的夏威夷坚果壳制备成高品质活性炭。实验研究测定了活化温度、活化时间、CO2流量等因素对活性炭的吸附性能和产率的影响。通过响应曲面法得到实验优化工艺条件:活化温度766℃、活化时间36 min、CO2流量186 mL/min,所制备的活性炭亚甲基蓝值和产率分别为186 mg/g,71.35%。衡量活性炭品质的关键性参数BET比表面积、孔容和平均孔径分别为1 267 m2/g,0.97 mL/g和4.13 nm。此外通过扫描电镜对比炭化料和活性炭分析发现,活性炭表面具有大量无规则孔隙。     

污泥-烟煤基活性炭的制备及其对苯酚的吸附性能

以石化企业在污水处理过程中产生的干化剩余污泥为原料,大同烟煤作辅助添加料,采用化学活化法制备污泥-烟煤基活性炭,探讨了活化剂（ZnCl2）用量、活化温度、活化时间等条件对所制备的活性炭性能的影响。以活性炭的碘吸附值为衡量指标,当污泥：烟煤（质量比）=1：1时获得制备污泥-烟煤活性炭的最佳工艺条件为：浸渍液为ZnCl2：原料（质量比）=2：1,活化温度550℃,活化时间30 min,在该条件下制备的活性炭的碘吸附值为990 mg·g-1,比表面积为836 m2·g-1,产率为46.6%。同时,以苯酚为目标污染物,考察了所制备的污泥-烟煤基活性炭对苯酚的去除效果,结果表明：污泥-烟煤基活性炭投加量为2.0 g·L-1时,4 h后达到吸附平衡,离子强度对吸附容量没有显著的影响,溶液pH在4~10范围内对苯酚有较好吸附,pH=6时苯酚吸附容量为138.9 mg·g-1。与同类吸附剂相比,制备的污泥-烟煤基活性炭可高效吸附水溶液中的苯酚。     

生物质活性炭的制备及其染料废水中的应用

以城市污水厂活性污泥为原料,用3 mol/L ZnCl2溶液活化,通入水蒸气作活化气制备活性炭吸附剂.实验结果表明,温度为600℃条件下,活化时间为1 h,制得的活性炭其碘吸附值为374.10 mg/g,比表面积为381.62 m2/g,孔容积为0.25 cm3/g,微孔容积为0.11cm3/g.并进一步将生物质活性炭应用于染料废水的处理,考察了吸附时间、活性炭投加量和pH对色度及TOC的脱除效果的影响.室温下,酸性大红GR染料废水初始浓度为300 mg/L,污泥活性炭的最佳投加量为2%(质量分数),吸附15min,废水色度脱除率可达99.6%,TOC去除率可达99.7%,利用等温吸附实验作吸附等温线,吸附等温线可以用Freundlich或Langmuir方程描述.     

污泥活性炭的制备及其对酸性红G的吸附行为

以城市污水处理厂的脱水污泥为原料,用ZnCl2活化法制备污泥活性炭,并研究其对水中酸性红G的吸附、脱附行为。选取活化剂浓度、固液比、活化温度及活化时间等因素,通过正交实验确定了最佳工艺,即ZnCl2浓度30%,固液比1:2,碳化温度500℃,碳化时间1.5 h。吸附实验结果表明,该污泥活性炭对水中酸性红G的吸附量随着温度升高而增加,在15、25和35℃条件下的最大吸附量分别为153.6、165.6和180.4 mg/g,且吸附等温线能较好用Langmuir方程进行模拟。酸性红G在污泥活性炭上的吸附动力学符合准二级反应动力学模型。污泥活性炭对酸性红G的吸附量随着溶液pH的增大而减小,污泥活性炭的最佳投加量为0.26 g/L。吸附饱和的污泥活性炭可通过碱处理和热处理方法进行脱附,脱附后的吸附剂对酸性红G仍具有很强吸附性能。     

基于响应曲面法优化生物质污泥活性炭的制备方法

针对传统技术制备污泥活性炭的比表面积不高、吸附值低等不足,通过在污泥中添加核桃壳以改善污泥原料缺陷,研究了活化剂种类、核桃壳加量、活化温度、活化时间、活化剂浓度及浸渍比等影响活性炭吸附能力的制备条件。在优化后的条件下制备出了高吸附性能的生物质污泥复合活性炭。结果表明:选择氯化锌作为活化剂,核桃壳加量20%、活化温度500℃、活化时间60 min、活化剂浓度2.5 mol·L-1、浸渍比1∶2.5为最优化制备条件。制备出的生物质污泥复合活性炭碘吸附值为574.11 mg·g-1,产率为43.93%。     

微波法污水厂污泥制备活性炭的研究

研究了以污水厂污泥为原料、微波辐照下磷酸活化法制备污泥活性炭的工艺条件,探讨了微波功率、辐照时间以及磷酸浓度对活性炭碘值的影响.结果表明,微波功率480 W、辐照时间315 s、磷酸浓度40%～45%的条件下,制备的污泥活性炭碘值为301 mg/g,总孔孔容是0.37 mL/g,平均孔径8.8 nm,比表面积168 m2/g.将该污泥活性炭用于处理TNT红水,吸附效果良好.     

微波法污水厂污泥制备活性炭的研究

研究了以污水厂污泥为原料、微波辐照下磷酸活化法制备污泥活性炭的工艺条件,探讨了微波功率、辐照时间以及磷酸浓度对活性炭碘值的影响.结果表明,微波功率480 W、辐照时间315 s、磷酸浓度40%～45%的条件下,制备的污泥活性炭碘值为301 mg/g,总孔孔容是0.37 mL/g,平均孔径8.8 nm,比表面积168 m2/g.将该污泥活性炭用于处理TNT红水,吸附效果良好.     

核桃壳炭化吸附废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的性能研究

采用氯化锌活化法制备生物质废物硬壳活性炭,工艺条件为:核桃壳与氯化锌溶液质量比为1∶1.5、氯化锌溶液质量分数50%、炭化温度300℃、炭化时间90 min、活化温度600℃、活化时间60 min。对产品比表面积、孔径和表征进行了分析,并探讨了该核桃壳活性炭吸附废水中六价铬的pH值、废水初始浓度、吸附时间、振动转速等影响因素。结果表明:制得的活性炭碘吸附值为1 038.33 mg/g,比表面积为645.36 m2/g,平均孔半径为1.37 nm。当活性炭用量为0.1 g,废水pH=3,吸附接触时间为1 h,取100 mL浓度为50 mg/L的含Cr6+废水时,处理吸附量可达48.57 mg/g。活性炭最大饱和吸附值为80.24 mg/g。吸附符合Langmuir等温模式,吸附等温方程式为Ce/Qe=0.0083+0.0121Ce。     

Optimising the preparation of activated carbon from digested sewage sludge and coconut husk.

Preparation of activated carbon from sewage sludge is a promising way to dispose of sewage sludge as well as to produce a low-cost adsorbent for pollutant removal. This research work aimed to optimise the condition for activated carbon preparation from anaerobically digested sewage sludge with the additive coconut husk. The sewage sludge sample was mixed with the additive coconut husk. The preparation condition variables investigated involved the concentration of the ZnCl2 solutions, heating temperature, dwell time and heating rate in pyrolysis and the mixing ratio of coconut husk to sewage sludge. Surface area, pore size distribution, aqueous phenol adsorption capacity and the production yield of the final products were determined and compared. Experimental results revealed that low concentrations of ZnCl2 solution tended to improve the microporosity of the final product. Heating temperature had a considerable impact on the surface area, pore size distribution and phenol adsorption capacity of the final products, whereas dwell time and heating rate performed comparatively insignificantly. The effect of increasing the mixing ratio of coconut husk to sewage sludge was principally to increase the microporosity of the final products. The activated carbon with the highest BET surface area was produced with the activation of 5 M ZnCl2 solution and, thereafter, pyrolysis at a heating temperature of 500 degrees C for 2 h with a heating rate of 10 degrees C/min. The mixing ratio of 1:4 in terms of coconut husk to sewage sludge based on their dried weights was found to be most cost effective.     

A comparative study of anaerobically digested and undigested sewage sludges in preparation of activated carbons.

Disposal of sewage sludge is an increasingly expensive and environmentally sensitive problem throughout the world. Preparation of activated carbon from sewage sludge offers an attractive re-use alternative to the traditional disposal routes. The objective of this research work was to compare anaerobically digested sewage sludge (DS) and undigested sewage sludge (US) as source materials in the preparation of activated carbons. Prior to the preparation the properties of the two types of sewage sludges were determined and compared. Subsequently the sludge samples were activated with 5 M ZnCl2 solution and thereafter pyrolysed at heating temperature of 650 degrees C for 2 h with the heating rate of 15 degrees C/min under a nitrogen atmosphere. The produced activated carbons were characterised by surface area and porosity analysis, CHN elemental composition and ash contents determination, and aqueous phase phenol adsorption tests. The results indicate that in comparison with the DS, the US had a higher carbon content and lower ash content, and accordingly yielded a better activated carbon with a higher BET surface area, pore volume, carbon content and phenol adsorption capacity.     

废旧碱性电池-活性污泥炭的制备及对废水中Cd2+的吸附

以污水厂污泥为主要原料,掺杂不同量的废旧碱性电池电极材料,采用ZnCl2活化法制备出废旧碱性电池-活性污泥炭,表征分析污泥炭样品的碘吸附值、BET、FT-IR、SEM-EDX、XRD和Zeta电位,并进行污泥炭Cd2+吸附实验。结果表明,电池材料掺杂量为25%时,改性污泥炭吸附性能最优,碘吸附值和比表面积分别达到543.0 mg·g-1和426.5 m2·g-1,中孔孔径集中在3~4 nm左右,Zeta电位为-16.30 mV;对比纯污泥炭,废电池-污泥炭吸附金属离子性能更优,Cd2+吸附量增加了近60%,而ZnCl2活化剂用量减少了40%;回归分析发现,准二级动力学和Langmuir等温方程式适用于描述废电池-污泥炭对Cd2+的吸附行为。     

废活性炭微波再生新工艺的研究

提出用微波加热-二氧化碳活化法再生乙酸乙烯合成用触媒载体废活性炭工艺.采用条件实验法研究了活化时间、二氧化碳流量和微波功率对活性炭碘吸附值,亚甲基蓝吸附值和再生得率的影响,得到微波辐射加热二氧化碳活化再生乙酸乙烯用触媒载体废活性炭的最佳工艺条件为活化时间25 min,二氧化碳流量0.2 L/min,微波功率700 W.在此条件下制得的活性炭碘吸附值为1158.02 mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值为240 mg/g、得率为74.19%.并对活性炭进行了比表面积的测定和孔结构的分析,活性炭的比表面积为1308.13 m2/g,总孔容为0.76 mL/g.     

Adsorption of mercury by activated carbon prepared from dried sewage sludge in simulated flue gas

Conversion of sewage sludge to activated carbon is attractive as an alternative method to ocean dumping for the disposal of sewage sludge. Injection of activated carbon upstream of particulate matter control devices has been suggested as a method to remove elemental mercury from flue gas. Activated carbon was prepared using various activation temperatures and times and was tested for their mercury adsorption efficiency using lab-scale systems. To understand the effect of the physical property of the activated carbon, its mercury adsorption efficiency was investigated as a function of its Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area. Two simulated flue gas conditions, (1) without hydrogen chloride (HCl) and (2) with 20 ppm HCl, were used to investigate the effect of flue gas composition on the mercury adsorption capacity of activated carbon. Despite very low BET surface area of the prepared sewage sludge activated carbons, their mercury adsorption efficiencies were comparable under both simulated flue gas conditions to those of pinewood and coal activated carbons. After injecting HCl into the simulated flue gas, all sewage sludge activated carbons demonstrated high adsorption efficiencies, that is, more than 87%, regardless of their BET surface area.

Implications: We tested activated carbons prepared from dried sewage sludge to investigate the effect of their physical properties on their mercury adsorption efficiency. Using two simulated flue gas conditions, we conducted mercury speciation for the outlet gas. We found that the sewage sludge activated carbon had mercury adsorption efficiency comparable to pinewood and coal activated carbons, and the presence of HCl minimized the effect of physical property of the activated carbon on its mercury adsorption efficiency.     

微波法制备污泥活性炭研究

采用微波加热法,以污水厂剩余污泥为原料,磷酸为污泥活化剂制备污泥活性炭.微波功率、辐照时间和磷酸浓度对污泥活性炭吸附性能具有显著影响,在最佳工艺条件微波功率480 W、辐照时间315 s和磷酸浓度40%条件下制得的活性炭碘值301 mg/g,比表面积168 m2/g,污泥中重金属绝大部分被固化.与传统商品炭相比,污泥炭孔隙结构以中孔为主.利用该活性炭处理城市生活污水处理厂出水,COD去除率可达87%以上,污泥炭的吸附等温线用Langmuir等温吸附模型进行描述.