环境保护工程中建立数据仓库的意义探索

本文首先介绍了数据仓库的应用特点,如面向主题、集成化、数据不可更新、数据随时间的变化而变化等,然后明确提出了环境保护工程中建立数据仓库的意义,主要包括有利于强化环境保护信息化建设、有利于顺应环境保护新形势发展需求、有利于实现环保保护科学决策等,最后重点总结了环境保护工程中建立数据仓库的具体应用,主要体现在环境信息数据仓库的钻取查询、环境信息数据仓库评价和预测处理、互联网信息平台技术联机管理系统等,实现数据仓库的顺利构建,将其应用价值充分发挥出来,进而给予环境保护工程强有力的实施保证。     

基于电网防台抗台系统的应急主题数据仓库分析与设计

为解决电网防台抗台过程中缺少应急辅助支持的问题,提出基于现有电网防台抗台系统中的业务数据,采用星型结构分析与设计“台风气象灾情”、“电网因灾（台风）损失”、“电网因灾（台风）应急资源投入”等应急主题数据仓库,充分利用、开发相关的数据探查与ETL工具实现相关的数据集成,构建相关应急主题下的多维数据模型,并开展联机分析处理（OLAP）研究工作,为相关企业和部门开展电网应急管理工作提供应急辅助支持。     

保险粉专用仓库的消防安全措施探讨

本文论述了保险粉行业的发展,现代企业对保险粉产品专用仓库的要求和状况,保险粉的性质、火灾危险性,保险粉出现火警时和人员中毒时的对策,保险粉专用仓库的基本要求及安全防范措施,对保险粉险情典型案例作了分析.通过对保险粉专用仓库的面积、建筑材料、消防管理、消防设施、通风设施等进行了消防分析评估,在此基础上提出了针对对保险粉专用仓库的防漏水、堆放、消防器材和管理方面等问题的整改措施.     

库房火灾事故中弹药热安全性研究

为研究不同火灾条件下弹药发生慢速烤燃的升温速率,以典型地面仓库和舰船舱室火灾为研究对象,建立仿真模型,模拟计算发生火灾时弹药贮存环境的热激源强度及其演化规律,针对发动机在此类环境下的热安全性开展仿真计算,分析其响应规律。研究结果表明：不同火灾条件下弹药慢速烤燃的升温速率有很大区别且往往高于标准慢速烤燃试验常用的升温速率3.3 K/h。随着慢速烤燃升温速率的提高,发动机烤燃点火时间提前,点火时刻发动机中间位置温度下降,两端温度升高,且点火位置向发动机喉部移动。研究结果可以指导弹药库房的设计及弹药安全性增强设计。     

仓库火灾特点、原因及防范对策探讨

分析某地仓库火灾的统计数据,归纳总结了仓库火灾特点,得出仓库火灾的主要原因,并按照"3E对策"的原则,从安全技术、安全教育、安全管理三个方面提出预防与控制仓库火灾对策.     

高架仓库内喷头热响应性能研究

基于喷头热响应性理论的研究成果,主要研究了在给定响应时间指数和喷头动作温度的务件下,高架仓库所用快速响应早期抑制喷头(ESFR)的热响应性能,并结合案例,对高架仓库内喷头热响应性能的主要影响因素进行了定量分析,得出喷头热响应性能与环境温度和火源功率之间的关系。研究结果可为高架仓库自动喷水灭火系统的设计和评估提供一定的参考。     

危害分析与关键控制点方法在危险品仓储管理中的应用

针对危险品仓储安全所面临的严峻形势,本文将危害分析与关键控制点方法的预防性管理思想应用在危险品的仓储管理中,分析了在危险品仓储过程中可能发生的危害,提出了具有可行性的危害控制方法,并对危险品仓储管理未来的发展方向进行了展望.     

基于数值模拟的迷你仓消防设计研究

为了优化迷你仓消防设计,确定最优机械排烟量及储柜布置方案,在充分实地调研基础上,总结迷你仓的特点及消防隐患,并运用火灾动力学软件FDS对迷你仓不同的火灾工况进行数值模拟,对能见度、烟气层高度以及温度等参数进行分析,不同机械排烟方案及储柜间距的计算结果显示:迷你仓内部蓄烟能力差,烟气沉降速度较快;常规排烟量烟气控制效果差,排烟量为120 m3/（h·m2）的排烟方案的烟气控制效果明显;当2排储柜之间的距离大于1.5 m时,可有效降低火灾的快速蔓延。     

固体和液体危险化学品仓库火灾风险分析方法探讨

固体和液体化学品仓库火灾是企业安全面临的经常性威胁之一,需考虑火灾中毒性燃烧产物释放和非燃烧产生的毒性物质释放。结合火灾风险分析方法,阐述火灾场景中各要素及相互关系,主要包括火灾场景、物质、燃烧速率、源项、毒性、扩散、概率和风险之间的关系,火灾场景考虑持续时间、面积和通风率的影响,物质中考虑平均结构式和燃烧方程,源项中考虑形成的产物、燃烧物质每千克的散发和活性物质百分比,毒性中考虑HCl,NO2,SO2和非燃烧产生的物质。基于储存物质平均结构式,建立燃烧关系方程。燃烧速率计算取决于可用的氧气量和需要的氧气量,分为面积受限的燃烧速率和氧气受限的燃烧速率。最后给出毒性燃烧产物HCl,NO2,SO2释放量和非燃烧产生的毒性物质释放量的计算方法,同时以毒性燃烧产物释放场景后果模拟为例说明仓库发生火灾的后果严重性,为仓库火灾风险分析提供借鉴。     

大型仓库防火分隔带设计和预期财产损失研究

基于"性能化设计仓库安全水平不低于处方式设计仓库"的设计理念,针对某大型仓库进行了防火分隔带的设计和预期财产损失的评估。探讨了具体案例中采用事件树、概率计算与数值模拟相结合进行性能化设计安全水平分析和预期财产损失评估的方法。研究结果表明,进行仓库消防系统有效性分析和预期财产损失评估,有助于更全面地评价消防性能化设计方案的安全水平。     

加强油库(站)的安全管理 降低火灾事故机率

油料火灾危险性大、事故发生率高、扑救困难,是油料安全管理的重点.任何环节上的管理失误都可能导致燃烧、爆炸等事故的发生,造成人员的伤亡和财产的损失.     

Risk analysis of a warehouse for the mixing, repackaging and distribution of organic chemicals

The EEC directive on ‘Major Accident Hazards of Certain Industrial Activities’ has been implemented in Denmark. This means that risk analyses of some activities must be made before July 1989. One of the first plants that was analysed was a warehouse for the mixing, repackaging and distribution of organic chemicals. The analysis was performed as a commercial contract by Risø National Laboratory. The report has been submitted to the authorities but the plant has not yet been approved due to submission of a large amount of analyses of other plants. This paper illustrates how a risk analysis of a chemical plant can be made.     

仓面浇筑立体空间冲突致灾过程建模与伤害评价*

为定量评价大坝浇筑过程空间冲突致灾事故后果,通过对缆机运输典型情景进行危害能量运动分解,确定在水平和竖直方向运动方式,阐述危害能量在流动路径相互转化形式;根据能量守恒定律,分析危害能量在吊罐与承灾体碰撞接触之间转移规律,将吊罐与人头部接触过程抽象为带强阻尼的弹簧振子系统,建立危害能量与碰撞冲量相等的动量方程,量化空间冲突致灾后果。结果表明:吊罐坠落危害能量极大,产生的碰撞冲击力与吊罐的运输速度、高度呈正相关,与阻力系数呈负相关,风速、载重对其影响较大。对比2种不同碰撞情景发现,机械碰撞因顶部承载力缓冲,对人头部产生伤害远小于直接碰撞,并对碰撞结果分级评价,研究结果可为大坝浇筑交叉作业空间冲突致灾风险评价提供参考。     

Modelling of the plume rise phenomenon due to warehouse or pool fires considering penetration of the mixing layer

The present paper describes the theory behind the “plume rise from warehouse or pool fires model” as implemented in the software package EFFECTS. This model simulates the rising of buoyant plumes due to the density difference between the hot combustion products and the ambient air. The plume rise model calculates the maximum height at which the released material will be in equilibrium with the density of the air, and presents the resulting trajectory of the plume, including hazard distances to specific concentration threshold levels. These parameters will be determined depending on the wind speed, atmospheric stability class and the fire's convective heat production, leading to potential penetration of the mixing layer.Additionally, the penetration of the smoke plume through the temperature inversion layer is assessed. If the convective heat of production is sufficient to penetrate the mixing layer, the smoke plume will be trapped above the mixing layer. When this occurs, the (potentially toxic) combustion products do not disperse back below the mixing layer, thus, the individuals at ground level are not exposed to the harmful combustion products. If the convective heat of production is not sufficient to penetrate the mixing layer, the smoke plume may experience the so-called reflection phenomena which will trap the smoke plume below the mixing layer. This could have more dangerous consequences for individuals who then might be exposed to harmful combustion products at ground level.Moreover, this paper includes the validation of the model against experimental data as well as to other widely validated mathematical models. The experiments and mathematical models used for the validation are described, and a detailed discussion of the results is included, with a statistical and graphical comparison against the field data.     

大空间仓库堆垛特性对水炮雾状射流灭火性能影响的实验研究

大空间堆垛储物仓库的消防安全日益引起重视,自动消防炮灭火系统已广泛应用其中。堆垛物遮挡和柱状射流特性对水炮灭火有影响,雾状射流由于覆盖区域增大可提高灭火效率,堆垛特性可能会影响雾状射流灭火效果,目前缺乏相关研究。通过预喷水、布水和灭火实验研究大空间仓库堆垛特性对水炮雾状射流喷水强度分布和灭火性能的影响。结果表明:该文所研究自动消防炮(安装高度8m,雾化角度90°)在5m至15m射程间,能够有效扑灭或控制大空间仓库火灾;喷水强度和有效保护面积随射程的增大而减小,仓库危险级Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级储物高度为3.0m-3.5m时有效保护面积在5m射程处分别为27.5m2和25.5m2;堆垛高度一定时存在最小堆垛间距,小于此值时火灾将不能被扑灭或控制。     

Methodology for the quantification of toxic dispersions originated in warehouse fires and its application to the QRA in Catalonia (Spain)

A tool for the quantification of the consequences of toxic dispersions coming from fires in warehouses has been developed. This tool is expected to be applied in the framework of the risk assessment in Catalonia, specifically in the Quantitative Risk Assessment. The present study is based on the criteria gathered in the technical guide BEVI 3.2 and the methodology CPR-15 used in the Netherlands. Hence, the approach performed accepts the main body of the foresaid methodology but implements a different and free source dispersion model, a modified Gaussian model that takes into account the warehouse effect. In the work conducted, a historical analysis of accidents involving fire in warehouses has been performed in order to justify the importance of assessing their potential toxic dispersions. Furthermore, the tool has been tested in different case studies providing results that have been compared with other methodologies, observing similar results that can be useful for the stakeholders and decision makers in the framework of the risk assessment.     

Workplace racial/ethnic similarity,job satisfaction,and lumbar back health among warehouse workers: Asymmetric reactions across racial/ethnic groups

Racial and ethnic minority employees constitute a significant proportion of the U.S. workforce. The literature on demographic similarity in the workplace suggests that the proportion of co‐workers who share the same racial/ethnic background (racial/ethnic similarity) can influence job attitudes and employee well‐being and that the reactions to racial/ethnic similarity may differ between the racially dominant and subordinate groups. This study applies status construction theory to examine the extent to which racial/ethnic similarity is associated with job satisfaction and lumbar back health among warehouse employees. We surveyed 361 warehouse workers (204 whites, 94 African‐Americans, and 63 Latino workers) in 68 jobs in nine distribution centers in the United States. Multilevel analyses indicate that white and racial/ethnic minority groups react differently to racial/ethnic similarity. For job satisfaction, white employees experience higher job satisfaction when they are highly racially/ethnically similar to their colleagues, whereas Latino employees experience higher job satisfaction when they are racially/ethnically dissimilar to others. As for lumbar back health, among Latino and African‐American employees, higher racial/ethnic similarity is associated with better lumbar back health whereas for white employees, the association is the opposite. Across all groups, moderate levels of racial/ethnic similarity were associated with the best lumbar back health. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Using data mining technology to explore causes of inaccurate reliability data and suggestions for maintenance management

Reliability data reflects equipment safety and provides a reference for setting inspection period, thereby serving as crucial information for the implementation of equipment integrity management policies. The calculation foundation of reliability data is maintenance records of adequate data quality. However, maintenance records of doubtful quality are common. Despite excluding poor quality recodes and using only the remaining maintenance recodes to calculate the reliability data, the calculated results generally lack a sufficient degree of confidence. This study applied data mining technology, including quality metrics, the association rule, and clustering, to explore the cause of low-quality maintenance data. The results revealed that the low data quality of maintenance records was due to ineffective maintenance policies, the low integrity of key system columns, nonadherence to the policy, and misunderstanding of column definitions. The proposed method successfully identified the causes of low-quality maintenance records. By incorporating the method into the function module of a CMMS, operators can equip the system with self-diagnosis, self-supervision, and continuous optimization functions.     

Accident data for the Semantic Web

This paper describes concerns about the documentation, dissemination and use of lessons learned from mishap investigations, impediments posed by current practices, and opportunities for improvement. Lessons are presently developed, documented and stored primarily in narrative form and relational databases, and disseminated in many forms and media, including the Internet. Current practices pose many impediments to maximized development, dissemination and use. Investigation process research and new data concepts behind the Semantic Web, exploited elsewhere, offer potential opportunities to overcome these impediments. To exploit these opportunities, formation of a working group to develop an improved Semantic Web-friendly mishap investigation lessons learning system is proposed. An example illustrating an alternative approach is described to support a reasonable expectation that an alternative lessons learning system could be developed.