输煤系统粉尘污染治理技术

概述了输煤系统粉尘污染治理的现状，分析了采用常规方法治理输煤系统粉尘污染存在的缺点及除尘效率低的原因。介绍了近几年研究开发的2种输煤系统粉尘污染治理新技术的除尘机理、适用范围、系统组成及主要特点。     

输煤皮带巷运煤量对扬尘运移扩散影响的数值模拟

为了掌握输煤皮带巷运煤期间的扬尘分布规律,探索更好的除尘工艺,以某大型煤矿主斜输煤皮带巷为研究背景,构建三维模型,依据气固两相流理论,运用双流体模型对不同运煤量下的粉尘浓度三维分布规律进行数值模拟。结果表明：皮带运煤量的增加,增大了煤流与风流之间的摩擦面积及巷道断面风速,提高了扬尘强度,扩大了高浓度区域范围,显著增加了巷道中下部空间的粉尘污染程度;运煤量的增加对粉尘浓度的影响程度随着距皮带距离的增加而减小;在湿式除尘设计中,可通过自动喷雾系统与煤量监测之间的联动,提高除尘效果。     

选煤厂输煤系统转载点粉尘产出控制技术

针对选煤厂输煤系统转载点多、产尘量大、粉尘污染严重的问题,对输煤系统转载点处的产尘原因进行了分析,提出了加装特殊设计的导料槽、安装复膜扁布袋除尘器及增加湿式降尘系统等控制措施,并对改造前后转载点处的粉尘浓度进行了对比.结果表明,改造后转载点处的作业环境达到了治理目标的要求.     

新型湿式湍流除尘器及在电厂输煤系统中的应用

介绍了针对火电厂输煤系统作业环境粉尘治理而研制开发的新型湿式湍流除尘器的设计思路、设备结构、技术特点及在电厂输煤系统的应用情况.     

新型湿式湍流除尘器及在电厂输煤系统中的应用

介绍了针对火电厂输煤系统作业环境粉尘治理而研制开发的新型湿式湍流除尘器的设计思路、设备结构、技术特点及在电厂输媒系统的应用情况。     

露天矿潜孔钻机旋风-布袋二级除尘机理量化分析

潜孔钻机是露天矿使用率最高的钻机,其钻孔扬尘是露天矿主要尘源之一,也是粉尘治理的难点。为获得钻孔扬尘最佳控制方案,以平朔安家岭露天矿为例,采用现场实测和数值模拟相结合的手段,依据气固两相流理论,运用Eulerian模型和DPM模型,对潜孔钻机粉尘扩散规律和除尘效率进行研究。同时基于粒子追踪技术,通过对比旋风一级除尘方案,对旋风-脉冲滤袋二级除尘方案进行量化研究。通过对比分析发现,在等风量条件下,二级除尘系统全尘脱除效率要高于一级除尘系统47%,呼吸性粉尘的脱除效率要高于一级除尘系统56%,与现场实测数据相一致。结果表明,治理现场采取二级除尘系统后,全尘和呼吸性粉尘脱除率分别达到99.7%和94.7%,粉尘浓度值低于国家标准规定的上限值。     

皮带通廊转载点数值模拟与除尘系统改造优化

皮带转载点是皮带通廊内粉尘的主要贡献源。为研究转运溜槽处除尘器吸风口和封闭罩联用的除尘效果,辅助优化除尘系统设计,通过计算流体力学(CFD)技术,借助ANSYS Fluent软件的有限体积数值模拟方法,对由皮带转运溜槽排放造成的皮带通廊内粉尘浓度分布进行数值模拟分析;考察了除尘负压值和溜槽封闭罩长度对通廊内粉尘质量浓度分布的影响,并评估了皮带通廊对外部环境的排放贡献。模拟结果表明：皮带通廊内粉尘排放对外部大气环境存在影响,如未对皮带转运点进行有效治理,粉尘排放量较大;安装皮带封闭罩可增加除尘效率,但增加幅度存在上限,最大不超过除尘风量与诱导气流量的比值,封闭罩不会改变除尘器进风量;皮带通廊内粉尘质量浓度分布显著,且与除尘负压及配套皮带封闭罩长度相关。综合上述结果,转运溜槽除尘系统除尘风量应大于皮带运转时的诱导气流流量,且封闭罩应自吸风口适当延伸。该研究结果可为皮带转接溜槽既有除尘系统优化改造设计提供有效指导,以较低成本提升除尘效率。     

新型湿式除尘器在烧结厂粉尘抑制中的实践

在对烧结厂转载点附近沉积粉尘进行分析的基础上,提出了以单个转载点为处理单元,新型湿式除尘器就近处理、分类排放的治理方案。运行显示:0～9.98μm的呼吸性粉尘的除尘效率约为92.3%,而9.98～55.36μm的较大粒径粉尘的除尘效率高达96.8%～98.9%,而大于55.36μm的大粒径粉尘的除尘效率接近100%;每个转载点除尘能耗约为3.5kW,能耗不足改造前的10%;除尘水和尘淤达到完全回用,入风口粉尘结块现象得到很好解决。     

提高电除尘器除尘效率措施的研究进展

电除尘器在粉尘治理领域发挥着极其重要的作用.简要介绍了影响电除尘器除尘效率的主要因素.综述了近年来提高电除尘器效率措施的研究进展.着重介绍了几种新型电除尘器的除尘机制及除尘试验结果,评论了其除尘性能和应用前景,并对进一步的研究方向提出了看法.     

原煤暗道通风除尘特征参数的数值模拟及优化

为了掌握输煤过程中原煤暗道粉尘运移扩散规律,确定最优排尘风速,进行通风除尘系统优化改造研究。以中煤平朔木瓜界选煤厂133暗道为研究背景,根据气固两相流理论,利用离散相模型对原煤暗道空间粉尘浓度进行了数值模拟,并与现场实际分布情况进行对比分析,模拟结果与实测数据基本一致。研究结果表明,暗道空间内皮带机尾及导料槽出口处粉尘浓度较大,并以给料机及机尾为中心径向逐步降低;最优排尘风速为2 m/s时,粉尘浓度下降幅度能达到97.2%,降尘效果显著,暗道空间内粉尘浓度保持在4 mg/m3以内。     

Indoor metallic pollution related to mining activity in the Bolivian Altiplano

The environmental pollution associated with mining and metallurgical activities reaches its greatest extent in several Andean cities and villages. Many locations in this area have accumulated through centuries a large amount of mining wastes, often disregarding the magnitude of this situation. However, in these naturally mineralized regions, there is little information available stating the exact role of mining and metallurgical industries in urban pollution. In this study, we demonstrated that the various metallic elements present in indoor dust (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, Sn, Zn) had a common origin and this contamination was increased by the proximity to the mines. Lead dust concentration was found at concerning levels for public health. In addition, wrong behaviors such as carrying mining workwear home contributed to this indoor dust pollution. Consequently, the constant exposure of the population could represent a potential health hazard for vulnerable groups, especially children.     

燃煤手烧锅炉除尘器的研究与开发

介绍了一种集多种湿法除尘技术之长于一体的新型组合式除尘装置，该装置不仅能有效地消除手烧锅炉燃烧时产生的烟尘，而且实现了除尘水的内循环，消除了其他湿式除尘器所带来的水的二次污染问题。     

燃煤手烧锅炉除尘器的研究与开发

介绍了一种集多种湿法除尘技术之长于一体的新型组合式除尘装置,该装置不仅能有效地消除手烧锅炉燃烧时产生的烟尘,而且实现了除尘水的内循环,消除了其他湿式除尘器所带来的水的二次污染问题。     

Distribution,sources and pollution status of Pb in indoor and outdoor dusts of Kerman City,SE Iran

The aims of this study were to explore the status of pollution and the temporal/spatial distribution of indoor and outdoor dust-Pb in the city of Kerman (SE Iran), located in a dry playa and arid climatic zone. Flat panes were laid at appropriate locations, in the indoor and the outdoor spaces of selected one-story houses in different areas of the city, to collect dust samples. Forty-two samples were taken and analyzed using the ICP-MS method. The measurements have shown that the outdoor dust-Pb concentrations varied from 23.7 to 275.2?mg kg^?1, with a mean value of 71.8?mg kg^?1, and indoor dust-Pb concentrations ranged from 47.6 to 150.2?mg kg^?1, with a mean value of 89.6?mg kg^?1. Based on these measurements, Pb was enriched in the outdoor and the indoor dust samples up to 48.8 and 29.4 times, respectively. Dilution, as a result of prevalence of geogenic dust in the outdoor space, is expected to be the main cause of the temporal differences. This study has shown that the eastern part of the city is more polluted compared to the other parts, and, because of the stable air conditions, the concentration of Pb in the summer dust is higher than the other seasons.     

利用玻壳厂铅尘生产三盐基硫酸铅的研究

介绍了由玻壳厂铅尘生产三盐基硫酸铅的原理,工艺流程及操作条件,该法充分 铅尘的有效成份,产品质量好,工艺简单易行,无二次污染,经济效益显著,为充分利用含铅废为和减少污染提供了一条有效途径。     

Chemical compositions and radiative properties of dust and anthropogenic air masses study in Taipei Basin, Taiwan, during spring of 2004

Asia is one of the major sources of not only mineral dust but also anthropogenic aerosols. Continental air masses associated with the East Asian winter monsoon always contain high contents of mineral dust and anthropogenic species and transported southeastward to Taiwan, which have significant influences on global atmospheric radiation transfer directly by scattering and absorbing solar radiation in each spring. However, few measurements for the long-range transported aerosol and its optical properties were announced in this area, between the Western Pacific and the southeastern coast of Mainland China. The overall objective of this work is to quantify the optical characteristics of different aerosol types in the Eastern Asian. In order to achieve this objective, meteorological parameters, concentrations of PM₁₀ and its soluble species, and optical property of atmospheric scattering coefficients were measured continuously with 1 h time-resolved from 11 February to 7 April 2004 in Taipei Basin (25°00′N, 121°32′E). In this work, the dramatic changes of meteorological parameters such as temperature and winds were used to determine the influenced period of each air mass. Continental, strong continental, marine, and stagnant air masses defined by the back-trajectory analysis and local meteorology were further characterized as long-range transport pollution, dust, clean marine, and local pollution aerosols, respectively, according to the diagnostic ratios. The aerosol mass scattering efficiency of continental pollution, dust, clean marine, and local pollution aerosols were ranged from 1.3 to 1.6, 0.7 to 1.0, 1.4 and 1.4 to 2.3 m² g⁻¹, respectively. Overall, there are two distinct populations of aerosol mass scattering efficiencies, one for an aerosol chemical composition dominated by dust (<1.0 m² g⁻¹) and the other for an aerosol chemical composition dominated by anthropogenic pollutants (1.3–2.3 m² g⁻¹), which were similar to the previous measurements with high degree of temporal resolution.     

北京市城市道路尘土残存量和湿式积尘量特征

道路扬尘是大气细颗粒物的来源之一,道路清扫保洁可以降低道路积尘量和道路扬尘排放。收集北京市2015年道路尘土残存量（d≤2 mm）数据,采用道路积尘湿式采样器采集秋季道路积尘量（d≤180 μm）,分析道路积尘的空间和道路类型分布特征,道路积尘中有机物和无机物含量等,并与瑞典斯德哥尔摩城市道路积尘特征进行比较。结果表明：春、夏、秋、冬和年均值道路尘土残存量分别为26.1、15.7、14.9、15.0和17.9 g·m-2,4类城市功能区的道路尘土残存量分别为13.8、15.0、24.8和20.6 g·m-2;秋季首都功能核心区和城市功能拓展区道路积尘量分别是道路尘土残存量的3.2和2.5倍,是斯德哥尔摩市道路积尘量的5.3和3.9倍;道路积尘量主要来自车辆遗撒、车轮带泥、非铺装路肩风蚀水蚀和大气降尘等无机物,无机物约占道路积尘量的（86.8±5.1）%,最高可达95.8%。建议严格控制渣土车遗撒和车轮带泥等污染源,并加强道路清扫保洁。     

机动车单车扬尘浓度分布规律的模拟

为了掌握汽车扬尘中PM10污染分布特征,采用数值模拟的方法对汽车扬尘PM10浓度分布规律及其影响因素进行了研究,分析了车速、积尘负荷对汽车扬尘PM10浓度的影响.结果表明,车速与扬尘运移速率成正比,且车速在20～60 km/h范围内与扬尘高度近似成线性分布;积尘负荷与汽车扬尘PM10平均浓度同比例变化.     

转炉炼钢大气污染环境评价问题探讨

为了探讨转炉炼钢大气污染环境评价的关键问题,以某大型钢铁集团炼钢厂扩建项目为基础,分析了该类建设项目工艺流程和产污环节;确定了转炉炼钢的重点污染因子是粉尘、烟尘和SO2等.通过对转炉炼钢烟尘治理措施的有效性分析,得出了该扩建项目大气污染物粉尘、烟尘和SO2等能达标排放并满足总量控制指标,符合清洁生产要求.     

表面活性剂对叶面滞尘作用的影响

表面活性剂能够增强植物叶面滞尘能力,研究不同表面活性剂对植物滞尘能力的影响,对于利用植物防治粉尘污染有重要意义。以LAS、DTAB、AR和APG200为喷洒试剂,研究了8种植物吸附表面活性剂后滞留粉尘的重量、组分。结果表明,LAS浓度、植物种类、表面活性剂类型对滞尘量和面积比具有显著影响(P<0.05);表面活性剂能够有效提高植物滞尘能力,LAS、DTAB效果优于生物型AR、APG200,且测试叶面滞尘量的变化与叶面接触角无明显关系;LAS使除朴树外所有植物的滞尘能力增加的浓度为0.2 g/L,而对滞留粉尘组分改变较大的浓度为0.5 g/L;此外,表面活性剂能改变滞留粉尘的组分,但不具有明显的规律性,粉尘的遮光比变化趋势与叶面滞尘量基本相似。