离子色谱分析中淋洗液对Cl^-的测定影响

PIC-8型离子色谱仪测定样品中的Cl^-、NO3^-、SO4^2-时，通过对样品中加入淋洗液与不加入淋洗液的测定结果进行比较分析，可以看出淋洗液的添加对NO3^-、SO4^2-测定结果不产生影响，但对Cl^-有较大影响，通过保持相同实验条件可以避免这一情况的发生，同时也减少了操作步骤，缩短分析时间，提高了工作效率．     

COD_(Mn)测定法中硫酸银等的影响

1.前言 对条件优先的COD_(Mn)测定方法来说,在JIS K0102及其解说手册中,已对多项事宜作了叙述。在这些规定条件下,由协同试验所得的数值表明,其测定结果仍有误差。 1983年,在日环协实施的协同实验中(第一次),使用的合成试样接近实际排水,其氧化率与排水相当,并可以其作为标准试样来使用。用本试样进行了加热水浴的条件试验,与硫酸银添加有关的实验,与三角烧瓶有关的实验。     

浅谈用离子色谱法测定水体中阴离子含量时影响阴离子分离度的因素

通过对F^-、Cl^-、NO2^-、PO4^3-、NO3^-、SO4^2-等阴离子测定条件的研究，提出阴离子之间的分离度和淋洗程度与淋洗液的比例及判峰参数的设置等有密切关系。     

以MnSO4作催化剂快速测定水中COD

建立了酸性条件下,以MnSO4代替Ag2SO4作催化剂快速测定水中COD的方法.考察了K2Cr2O7用量、MnSO4用量、H2SO4浓度、消解温度、消解时间等因素的影响,确定了最佳试验条件和最佳测定范围.方法精密度和准确度均能满足测定要求,与重铬酸钾法作对比试验,测定结果基本一致.     

地表水自动监测站高锰酸盐指数在线监测仪测定误差原因分析及解决办法

从仪器量程及温度、加热时间、溶液的酸度、校准试剂选择等实验条件方面对引起我国地表水自动监测站的高锰酸盐指数在线监测仪测定误差的原因进行了分析。由于高锰酸盐指数是一个条件性指标,实验条件对测定结果的影响较大,在线监测仪必须严格控制实验条件,其测定结果与手工方法才具有可比性。对仪器实验条件进行优化选择,对于保证高锰酸盐指数在线监测仪测定结果的准确性,更好地发挥水质自动站的预警监视作用有一定的指导意义。     

硫化物测定的新的标准溶液──硫代乙酰胺

根据在盐酸羟胺存在下硫代乙酰胺（ＴＡ）能够与锌发生均相沉淀的理论，选用了硫代乙酰胺作为硫化物测定的标准溶液，并利用正交试验设计进一步探讨了最佳实验条件。此方法简单、准确、重现性好，线性范围为０～０．２ｍｇ／ＬＳ２－适合于各种水样的测定。     

超声提取-离子色谱法测定常见土壤中的高氯酸盐

建立了测定土壤中高氯酸盐的离子色谱法,通过前处理条件优化和色谱条件优化形成准确高效的测定方法,并采集实际土壤样品进行实验验证。称取 1.00 g土壤样品,用20 mL超纯水混合均匀,超声提取40 min,离心后采用水系微孔滤膜过滤的前处理方式,土壤中高氯酸盐的加标回收率最稳定;在淋洗液浓度和流速都满足测定条件的前提下,为了缩短高氯酸盐的保留时间,避免复杂基质干扰,延长淋洗液发生器的使用寿命以及保护色谱柱,选择淋洗液浓度为40 mmol/L,流速为1.0 mL/min。在优化条件下,高氯酸盐的方法检出限为0.04 mg/kg。实际样品加标中高氯酸盐的相对标准偏差为1.9%~8.8%,加标回收率为91.0%~106%,结果表明离子色谱法测定土壤中高氯酸盐简单、灵敏、快速。     

分光光度法测定水中铍的最佳条件选择

本文对分光光度法测定水中铍的最佳测定条件进行了研究和探讨。在方法对比实验的基础上,选择了最适宜的方法,并进行了各种条件实验,对某些实验条件进行了改进。特别是对阴离子的干扰,提出了有效的消除方法。改进后的实验方法,显色稳定,重现性好,灵敏度高,摩尔吸光系数达１．０１×１０５Ｌ／ｃｍ·ｍｏｌ。     

直接进样气相色谱法快速测定空气中丙酮的实验研究

实验研究了使用100mL玻璃注射器采样,经阀进样器1mL直接进样后经气相色谱法分离FID检测器定量,快速测定空气中丙酮的浓度。丙酮在0~39 mg/m3范围内线性良好,样品中的丙酮在气相色谱条件下响应灵敏,与甲醇和乙酸甲酯等干扰物质能实现良好的基线分离,方法的检出限为0.006mg/m3,测定下限为0.024mg/m3。实验证明此方法可用于快速测定环境空气中的丙酮浓度。     

异烟酸-吡唑啉酮光度法测定氰化物影响因素的探讨

研究了用无水乙醇代替N-N二甲基甲酰胺，比较了2种试剂对测定的影响，并就实验条件对测定的影响作了进一步分析，提出了此法的最佳实验条件。     

河口水中矿物油分析的研究

紫外分光光度法在河口水中矿物油测定中，存在着标准油品的选择、水样萃取的乳化处理及河口水样测定方法选择等问题。提出了解决存在问题的可行方法，进一步完善测定方法。     

标准分析方法测定废水中苯胺类的不足与改进

标准分析方法测定苯胺类时,废水中某些物质在酸化条件下,要与过量的氨基磺酸铵和盐酸萘乙二胺进行显色反应,引起正干扰。正确的方法是分析水样的同时,分取与显色反应相同体积废水样,只进行加氨基磺酸铵和盐酸萘乙二胺的操作步骤,测定其吸光度。由水样的吸光度减去后者吸光度的差值来计算苯胺类浓度是科学、准确的。     

高压液相色谱法测定地表水和饮用水中的阿特拉津

通过条件实验,建立了水体中阿特拉津的高效液相色谱检测法,以ODS C18柱为色谱柱,甲醇:水=60:40为流动相,检测波长225nm,柱温40℃,用二氯甲烷萃取,外标法定量,线性范围为0.02～10.0mg/L,相关系数达0.9999,采样体积为500 ml时,方法检出限为0.012μg/L,精密度在2.5%～11.4...     

气相色谱法测定水和气体样品中的二硫化碳

本文研究了用气相色谱电子捕获检测器测定水和气体样品中二硫化碳的方法。本方法采取顶空进样法测水质样品,直接进样测气体样品。色谱柱为ＧＤＸ—１０１填充柱。方法简单,灵敏度高,水质样品最低检出浓度可达００００５ｍｇ／Ｌ,气体样品最低检出浓度达０００５ｍｇ／ｍ３。方法的精密度为５７％,回收率为９０３％。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中氯酚类化合物

采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中7种氯酚类化合物,Waters OASIS WAX柱萃取效率最高,最佳萃取时间和洗脱时间分别为60和5 min。该法的线性范围为1.0~40 mg/L,检出限为0.015~0.5μg/L,精密度为0.558%~2.22%,回收率为83.2%~105%。该法适用于地表水及饮用水中氯酚类化合物的检测。     

CODCr测定中空白试验值的影响因素分析

对CODCr测定中空白试验值的影响因素进行了探讨,结果表明,实验中的硫酸质量对测定影响最大。     

生物综合毒性分析仪的毒性测试方法及适用范围研究

比较研究了三种常用便携式生物综合毒性分析仪测定重金属及有机污染的灵敏度,初步提出了仪器使用注意事项及建议使用范围。结果表明,基于生物发光原理的Toxscreen-II和Deltatox仪器对重金属污染敏感,Toxscreen-II测得Hg、Cr(VI)、As的EC50值分别为0.0082、0.07、4.41mg/L;基于化学发光原理的Eclox对有机污染敏感,Eclox的EC50(苯酚)为1.21mg/L。鉴于综合毒性分析仪中等毒性检测限高于我国地表水标准限值,建议该类仪器更适用于环境污染事故中污染水体的毒性初筛判定。     

Radiochemical characterization of mineral waters in the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey

This study has evaluated the levels of natural radionuclides and chemical components of mineral waters in the Eastern Black Sea Region (Turkey). The mean activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th, (137)Cs, (40)K, gross alpha and gross beta were found as 129, 33, 28, 714, 125 and 170 mBq L(-1), respectively. Due to consumption of mineral waters, the radiological impact of them on the inhabitants was calculated by taking the annual intake into account through ingestion of aforementioned radionuclides. The estimated effective doses from mineral water were found to be 13.20 μSv year(-1) ((226)Ra), 2.74 μSv year(-1) ((232)Th), 0.13 μSv year(-1) ((137)Cs) and 1.62 μSv year(-1) ((40)K). The overall contribution of these radionuclides to the committed effective dose from a year's consumption of mineral water in the region is therefore estimated to be only 17.69%, which is in concordance with the recommended WHO value (100 μSv year(-1)). The chemical analysis results showed that these waters contain Na, Al, P, Cl, K, Ca, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn elements. These values were evaluated and compared with the internationally verified values. This study provides important information for consumers and authorities because of their internal radiochemical exposure risk from mineral water intake.     

Radiological aspects of some Egyptian thermo-mineral springs

In Egypt, nineteen water springs with temperatures exceeding 35 degrees C, which can be considered thermal waters, were reported. The radiological aspects of thermal water in three northern regions of Egypt (Gulf of Suez, Cairo, and Bahariya Oasis) were investigated. The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides of 226Ra, 40K, total uranium and 210Pb (210Po) in water samples were determined using gamma spectrometry, laser fluorimetry and alpha spectrometry after chemical separation, respectively. The highest concentrations are detected in two locations, namely Sudr and Hammam Faroun springs, which are the hottest waters in Egypt (89 and 72 degrees C respectively). It seems that the presence of 226Ra is correlated to the water mineralization and the depth and the temperature of the reservoir's base. Also, these results seem evidence of uranium accumulation at depth in the mother bedrock and/or uranium immobilization due to uranium reduction to the immobile 4+-oxidation state in the reservoir base. The average activity concentrations of 40K are dependent on the water's origin, i.e. meteoric water mixed with sea water (Gulf of Suez springs) and meteoric water (Bahariya Oasis wells). There is no prescribed dose limit for short term and temporary exposure to thermal water. Workers at the thermal springs should be regularly monitored because of their continuous exposure to enhanced radiation levels over a long period of time. The hydrochemical characteristics, environmental isotopes aspects and water origin are briefly discussed based on published data.     

Assessment of public exposure to naturally occurring radioactive materials from mining and mineral processing activities of Tarkwa Goldmine in Ghana

Studies have been carried out in a Goldmine in Ghana to determine the exposure of the public to naturally occurring radioactive materials from processing of gold ore. Direct gamma spectrometry and neutron activation analysis techniques were used to analyse soil, rock, water and dust samples from the mining environment. The mean activity concentrations measured for (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K in the soil/rock samples were 15.2, 26.9 and 157.1 Bq kg(?-?1), respectively. For the water samples, the mean activity concentrations were 0.54 and 0.41 Bq l(?-?1)) and 7.76 Bq l(?-?1) for (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K, respectively. The mean activity concentrations measured in the dust samples were 4.90 and 2.75 μBq m(?-?3) for (238)U and (232)Th, respectively. The total annual effective dose to the public was estimated to be 0.69 mSv. The results in this study compared well with typical world average values. The results indicate an insignificant exposure of the public from the activities of the Goldmine.