现阶段环境监测在市场经济中的地位浅析

环境监测是一项政府行为，如何在社会主义市场经济条件下，正确处理“政府行为”与市场经济的矛盾，已成为各级环保部门共同探讨的、需要妥善解决的问题。因此，根据经济学的有关理论，对环境监测这一领域在社会主义市场经济中所处的地位、作用作了全面论述，并对理解环境监测的“政府行为”提出看法和见解。     

环境监测实验室质量管理体系中一个不容忽视的问题

针对环境监测机构在实验室认可管理体系中存在的不容忽视的问题,及对硬件加强计量管理的措施与办法进行了阐述,结合工作实际,着重阐述了环境监测机构应如何将监测分析仪器和标准物质的管理工作,与计量管理部门紧密联系,严格执行计量法的有关规定,确保各项措施落实到位,以保证监测分析仪器的安全、可靠、稳定地运行,从而保证监测数据的准确性、可比性,为环境管理提供有力的技术保障。     

依靠监测网络,开创环境管理新局面

第三次全国环保工作会议,进一步明确必须坚定地走有中国特色的环境保护道路。这就是加强法制建设,强化监督管理,依靠科学技术进步,促进我国环保工作的发展。在强化监督管理方面,主要是贯彻新老“八项制度”,实现环境管理从定性向定量、从浓度向总量、从单项治理向综合整治的转变。然而无论是“八项制度”的贯彻还是“三个转变”的实现,都离不开环境监测工作。为了适应环境管理这一新形势,第四次全国环境监测工作会议提出“八五”监测工作的总目标是:“完善环境监测体系,及时、准确地掌握环境质量和污染源动态,为环境管理提供高效服务。”     

环境监测中的数据审核

提出在环境监测数据审核过程中，应着重注意现场采样、室内分析、综合判断等方面的内容审核，以确保监测数据的正确可靠。     

FD—71仪器在环境监测中使用的可能性探讨

由于钾与铀、钍系核素的γ辐射能量范围很广并受地层散射的影响,来自洼地环境的γ辐射能量是连续的。要求用于环境监测的仪器必须满足一定的能量响应要求。采用经 ZnS(Ag)补偿的塑料闪烁体作探测元件的 PTB—7201型剂量仪,在光子能量为25Kev 到1Mev 的范围内,响应与能量无关并具有比高压电离室体积小、轻便等优点,在环境监测中是一种较为理想的仪器。大家熟悉的 FD—71仪器由于能量响应特     

浅谈HSE管理体系在内江市环境监测实验室的应用

健康、安全、环境管理体系(HSE管理体系)是近年发展起来的一种科学、系统、完善的管理体系。环境监测实验室作为环保系统的基层单位具有污染环境的潜在风险,在环境监测实验室推行HSE管理体系意义重大。介绍了HSE管理体系在内江市环境监测实验室的应用,这是环境监测实验室走向标准化和现代化的重要标志。     

田湾核电站外围辐射环境监测工作的质量保证

总结了田湾核电站外围辐射环境监测中的质量保证实施情况，包括：人员培训和考核，仪器设备溯源，样品采集、运输、贮存及生物样品前处理的质控，样品分析和现场监测的质控，数据的记录处理和管理要求等，最后提出几点建议。     

天津地区土壤中铁、钛、钙、锌、锶、锆背景值的初步探讨

土壤中元素背景值的测定,是环境科学的一项基础性工作。为了确定一个地区或某种土壤类型背景值的正常范围,并为判断土壤污染与否和发展区域性环境质量评价、研究元素的迁移,富集和转化规律以及环境对     

水样中砷保存剂的探讨

环境监测中测砷的水样,在现场采集时要加入硝酸作保存剂,并控制 pH<2。我们经过长期试验观察,发现硝酸并不是良好的保存剂,如改用盐酸,则能满足对砷的测定要求。     

环境监测在环境影响评价中的作用分析

在新时期,环境保护工作的发展面临着新的机遇和挑战。环境监测贯穿于整个环境影响评价体系之中,即环境影响评价中的评价初期、建设期、运行期以及后评价期,均需环境监测数据来支撑,因此,环境监测是环境影响评价的技术基础,同时还具有较强的监督功能。     

Complying with Executive Order 13148 using the Enterprise Environmental Safety And Occupational Health Management Information System

All U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) facilities are required under Executive Order (EO) 13148, "Greening the Government through Leadership in Environmental Management," to establish quality-based environmental management systems (EMSs) that support environmental decision-making and verification of continuous environmental improvement by December 31, 2005. Compliance with EO 13148 as well as other federal, state, and local environmental regulations places a significant information management burden on DoD facilities. Cost-effective management of environmental data compels DoD facilities to establish robust database systems that not only address the complex and multifaceted environmental monitoring, record-keeping, and reporting requirements demanded by these rules but enable environmental management decision-makers to gauge improvements in environmental performance. The Enterprise Environmental Safety and Occupational Health Management Information System (EESOH-MIS) is a new electronic database developed by the U.S. Air Force to manage both the data needs associated with regulatory compliance programs across its facilities as well as the non-regulatory environmental information that supports installation business practices. The U.S. Air Force, which has adopted the Plan-Do-Check-Act methodology as the EMS standard that it will employ to address EO 13148 requirements.     

生物标志物在水源地风险评价中的作用与展望

针对肿瘤高发区饮用水污染和南水北调水质的风险评价问题,提出了可用生物标志物检测水中的“环境诱变剂量”来作为评价水体中有毒有害污染物潜在遗传危害的综合指标。简要介绍了生物标志物在国内外的研究动态及其在环境监测、环境风险评价中的应用前景。     

Using sustainable development indicators as a supplementary measure for the integrated management of environmental information system in Taiwan

Environmental Information System (EIS) transfers environmental data and information to audiences in any field of knowledge or activity interested in environmental problems. Currently, numerous conventional EISs or Environmental Databases (EDs) are available in Taiwan. However, they fail to adequately address the strong correlations among the environmental, social and economic components. Notably, Sustainable Development Indicators (SDIs) combine environmental, social and economic dimensions, as well as illustrate the links among systems. Subsequently, developing a set of SDIs will provide an excellent opportunity to systematically consolidate the information scattered among many archives, as well as promoting an integrated EIS. This work presents an experimental model referred to as the 'Sustainable Development Information System of the Island Taiwan' (SDISIT). This system was developed to assist the integrated management of either EIS or ED. The Factor Analysis Method (FAM) is one tool that may prove useful in easing the developing process. Furthermore, by examining the correlations between the indicators, this method can apply existing SDIs to identify the structure of interrelationships among indicators.     

环境监理计算机管理信息系统的软件规划

在对各种环保监理工作调研的基础上,了解环境监理机构的主要职责,并对软件的功能模块进行划分为软件的开发和编程提供了技术及工作总线。     

浅谈对热电企业的环境监督管理

对热电企业的环境监管工作是环保部门的重要职责,根据在对热电企业日常监管中遇到的问题,论述了监管的常用方法,包括监督企业环境管理落实情况、核查企业环保数据真实性及重视群众对企业的监督,并就相关工作展开了具体讨论。     

Assessment of environmental endocrine disruptors in bald eagles of the Great Lakes

Environmental endocrine disruption in wildlife has primarily focused on estrogenic/androgenic end points and their antagonists. We describe here the work that has occurred within the Great Lakes of North America that has used the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) as a sentinel species of the effects of environmental toxicants, including endocrine disruption. Our data suggests that population level effects of hormone disrupting chemicals, not necessarily estrogen/androgen mimics and their antagonists, have been associated with reproductive and teratogenic effects observed in the bald eagle population within the Great Lakes Basin. Additional laboratory and field studies are necessary to further clarify the role of environmental endocrine disruptors on reproduction in avian populations. The use of sea eagles (Haliaeetus spp.) as biosentinels of pollution in other regions of the world is also discussed.     

Health disorders among Egyptian municipal solid waste workers and assessment of their knowledge,attitude, and practice towards the hazardous exposure

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Solid waste workers are exposed to variety of injuries and diseases at work. To study health disorders among workers in the waste management field and...     

Substance-related environmental monitoring

Background  Due to the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive and other legal regulations (e.g., national laws like the German Federal Soil Protection Act), but also due to the implementation of the new EU chemicals management system REACH, environmental monitoring will gain increasing importance for the surveillance of environmental quality as well as for the assessment of chemicals. Against this background, the Work Group on ‘Environmental Monitoring’ of the Division of ‘Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology’ within the German Chemical Society has compiled a position paper on substance-related environmental monitoring. Scope  Core elements of this position paper are the definitions of important terms like monitoring, exposure monitoring, effect monitoring, and integrated monitoring. Moreover, temporal and spatial aspects (monitoring of spatial distributions, trend monitoring, and retrospective monitoring) and their applications are discussed. The main focus of this position paper is the coverage of aspects which have to be observed for the preparation and implementation of a monitoring program. Essential is the clear specification of the targets of the monitoring which determine the development of the monitoring concept and its realization, e.g., if environmental media (compartments) or organisms are most appropriate as samples for the aim of the study. Of course, also the properties of the target substances are important (e.g., lipophilicity/bioaccumulation as pre-requisite for an exposure monitoring with organisms). Finally, the monitoring phases of sample planning, sampling, storage and transport of samples, selection of analytical methods, quality assurance measures as well as reporting are discussed. Perspectives  An important issue for the future is to link the quantification of chemicals in environmental compartments (exposure and pollution monitoring) more closely to the study of biological effects (effect monitoring) than has been the case up to now. Furthermore, by inclusion of a spatial differentiation, a comprehensive evaluation of the state of an ecosystem can be obtained and the relevance of the results improved. Practical examples of monitoring studies which illustrate various aspects covered in this position paper will be presented in a series of publications by members of the Work Group in the following issues of this journal.

Water sustainability: reforming water management in new global era of climate change

The National Seminar on Sustainable Water Resource Management in Era of Changing Climate (NSWRM-2014) on 10–11 January 2014 organised by the Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development and Environmental Science and Technology, Banaras Hindu University, witnessed the presence of experts from environmentalists, industrialists and experts on water resources and its management. The deliberations and scientific discussions led to the conclusion that it is not just the resource but the natural capacity to sustain it that requires monitoring, understanding and stewardship. The focus of governance in India needs to move at a faster pace from conventional methods of sector-based water management to more integrated approach for sustainable water resource management. It is more of the people participation that is the future key towards sustainable water resource management in India.