危废填埋项目环境水文地质勘查与分析

文中以宿迁市某危废填埋项目为例,采用水文地质调查、抽水试验、渗水试验等多种水文地质勘查方法,查明了评价区内的环境水文地质条件与特征,获得了预测评价所需的水文地质参数,为地下水环境影响评价提供了基础资料,也作为类似工程的场地环境水文地质勘查工作的参考。     

涉重危废三维属性及其精细化分级分类体系

涉重危废是危险废物中非常独特的大类类别。重金属的不可降解性决定了其环境危害具有持久性,重金属的不可再生性决定了其资源属性具有稀缺性,因此,涉重危废的资源-环境交互属性受到国际社会越来越大的关注。但涉重危废的资源属性和污染属性与物料本身的结构复杂性存在密切关联。一方面,昂贵/高价金属的提取回收受到其复杂结构的干扰;另一方面,高毒/有毒金属的环境行为也受到其复杂结构的影响。为此,首次提出了涉重危废三维(资源、污染和结构)属性的概念,给出了三维属性的表征方法和计算公式,构建了基于三维属性的涉重危废精细化分级分类体系,建立了有助于无害化处置和资源化利用边界识别的三维属性指标体系,以期为涉重危废的精准高效监管及切实可靠的无害化处置和科学合理的资源化利用提供理论指导。     

涉重危废资源化利用理论体系

涉重危废是危险废物中污染属性和资源属性都极为突出的大类类别。从涉重危废中提取昂贵/高价/有价金属不但可从源头上阻断重金属进入环境,而且可实现稀缺金属资源的永续利用,因而成为环境和资源领域的热点课题。当前,涉重危废中金属提取回收工艺研究及工程实践大都基于离散物料的孤立个案和技术人员的个人经验,缺乏系统完整科学的理论指导,难以适应涉重危废高效、高值、高质的资源化利用需求。为此,以涉重危废、金属五分法、重金属三维属性及涉重危废精细化分级分类4组创制概念为基础,阐述了涉重危废精细化分级分类体系、涉重危废无害化处置和资源化利用边际识别指标体系、涉重危废金属提取和危险属性降级技术体系、涉重危废脱毒残渣建材化利用标准体系4大体系建设必要性及建设内容,构建了涉重危废资源化利用的理论体系。本研究结果可为涉重危废的资源化利用提供理论支撑。     

涉重危废概念的提出及其资源化利用

危险废物作为具有较高危害特性的固体废物,近年来受到国内外学术界、政府管理部门和公众的极大关注。危险废物的产生和排放呈现量大、面广、源多、物杂的特点,因此,科学分级分类既是其精细管理、精确监控、精准处置的现实需求,也是环境科学与工程领域危险废物和固体废物学科体系构建和健康发展的必然要求。危险废物中有一重要类别,其共有的危险特性源于重金属的毒性。重金属的不可降解性决定了该类危险废物的环境风险和环境危害具有持久性;重金属的不可再生性又决定了该类危险废物的资源属性具有稀缺性。为此,探讨并定义了以重金属毒性为危险特性的这一重要而独特的危险废物细分领域,明确了其内涵和外延;提出了金属五分法及该类别危险废物资源化利用的实现路径;分析了不同重金属提取工艺的适用性,并论述了该类别危险废物资源化利用的核心要务和技术原理。     

基于催化陶瓷纤维滤管的一体化烟气净化工艺处理危废焚烧烟气的中试示范工程

实现烟气多污染物一体化净化成为危废焚烧烟气治理领域的新趋势。提出了基于催化陶瓷纤维滤管的危废焚烧烟气一体化处理工艺,并依托江苏某危险废物焚烧厂建设了中试示范工程,以考察该工艺的处理效果。结果表明：该工程可实现对危废焚烧烟气进行除尘、脱酸、脱硝及降解二恶英等处理的集约、高效运行;其关键技术为催化陶瓷纤维管的应用;运行成本较传统工艺降低了约30%,且具有处理效率更高、占地面积更小、投资和运行费用更低等优点。本示范工程可为现役危废焚烧烟气净化工程的改造及新建项目实现深度净化提供参考。     

浅谈无锡市危险废物产生情况与处置现状

无锡市作为江苏重点发展的城市,随着社会和经济的快速发展,危险废物产生量和种类不断增多。文中针对无锡市2011年—2018年危险废物产生量、综合利用与处置情况,分析危险废物处置利用存在的问题,同时,就目前危险废物存在的问题,提出科学合理的建议。     

宁波市危险废物管理、处置现状和对策

对宁波市危险废物现状进行了调查,分析了危险废物的来源、产量、特征及存在的主要问题.在此基础上,提出了宁波市危险废物管理处置对策,具体包括:加强危险废物申报登记工作;健全宁波市危险废物管理法律体系和监督管理机构;建立合理的危险废物收费制度;源头控制危险废物污染和建设危险废物集中处置场等.     

医疗废物处置单位运营存在的问题及对策

医疗废物污染防治是环境保护工作的重要组成部分,若医疗废物处置不当,将对水体、大气和土壤造成污染,甚至严重威胁人民群众身心健康.在“十一五”期间,中国投入了大量资金用于医疗废物处置设施建设,但大部分医疗废物处置单位的运营存在问题.介绍了医疗废物处置的背景,综合分析了问题产生的原因,提出了完善医疗废物管理的建议.     

“无废城市”试点建设与碳减排效益分析：以徐州市为例

“无废城市”建设是深化固体废物综合管理改革,实施减污降碳协同增效,助力实现碳达峰、碳中和战略的重要抓手。针对徐州市“无废城市”试点建设期间城乡生活、农业及工业等领域各类固体废物,参考WARM模型并采用排放因子法从源头减量至中端和末端处置环节的碳排放情况进行了全面核算,系统评估了徐州市“无废城市”试点建设与碳排放效益。结果表明,试点建设期间通过源头减量各类固体废物产生量,实现碳减排量1 531.3×10⁴ t CO₂eq,其中工业领域固体废物源头减量贡献最大。各领域固体废物处置环节中,通过提高资源再生利用率、控制城市固体废物的填埋量、减少畜禽粪便的堆肥以及提升工业固体废物的资源回收利用是徐州市碳减排的重要措施。全市在试点建设期间实现碳减排效益1 606.6×10⁴ t CO₂eq,总体上获得了较好的减污降碳协同效益。本研究结果可为推进“无废城市”建设与减污降碳协同增效提供参考。     

绵阳经济开发区的水环境规划

在分析绵阳经济开发区水环境现状的基础上，提出了规划研究的内容、步骤和方法。利用“污染源分散治理与城市污水处理厂处理组合”的最优规划模型，对绵阳经济开发区进行了水环境规划的研究。     

Public Policy impacts on the Generation and Disposal of Hazardous Waste in New York State

A number of policies adopted by the federal government and the states have been designed to promote waste reduction or influence the choice of waste disposal technologies employed by generators of hazardous waste. Graphic analysis of smoothed time series data for hazardous wastes manifested in New York State for the period between June 1982 and February 1987 suggests that some of these policies have had the intended effects.

Significant shifts in manifested waste volumes are evident that coincide with the following policy interventions: (1) increased state waste-end tax rates; (2) state and federal landfill bans; (3) federal restrictions on burning hazardous wastes and waste oils for energy recovery; and (4) changes in the federal regulatory definition of hazardous waste. Other changes in waste generation and management appear to be attributable to such factors as state and regional economic conditions and changes in instate treatment and disposal facility capacity. Analysis of the management of specific waste types supports evidence from the graphic analysis that waste generators changed from land disposal to “higher” waste handling technologies in response to several policy interventions.     

Emergy-based assessment on industrial symbiosis: a case of Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone

Industrial symbiosis is the sharing of services, utility, and by-product resources among industries. This is usually made in order to add value, reduce costs, and improve the environment, and therefore has been taken as an effective approach for developing an eco-industrial park, improving resource efficiency, and reducing pollutant emission. Most conventional evaluation approaches ignored the contribution of natural ecosystem to the development of industrial symbiosis and cannot reveal the interrelations between economic development and environmental protection, leading to a need of an innovative evaluation method. Under such a circumstance, we present an emergy analysis-based evaluation method by employing a case study at Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone (SETDZ). Specific emergy indicators on industrial symbiosis, including emergy savings and emdollar value of total emergy savings, were developed so that the holistic picture of industrial symbiosis can be presented. Research results show that nonrenewable inputs, imported resource inputs, and associated services could be saved by 89.3, 32.51, and 15.7 %, and the ratio of emergy savings to emergy of the total energy used would be about 25.58 %, and the ratio of the emdollar value of total emergy savings to the total gross regional product (GRP) of SETDZ would be 34.38 % through the implementation of industrial symbiosis. In general, research results indicate that industrial symbiosis could effectively reduce material and energy consumption and improve the overall eco-efficiency. Such a method can provide policy insights to industrial park managers so that they can raise appropriate strategies on developing eco-industrial parks. Useful strategies include identifying more potential industrial symbiosis opportunities, optimizing energy structure, increasing industrial efficiency, recovering local ecosystems, and improving public and industrial awareness of eco-industrial park policies.     

Development of Tools for Integrated Monitoring and Assessment of Hazardous Substances and Their Biological Effects in the Baltic Sea

The need to develop biological effects monitoring to facilitate a reliable assessment of hazardous substances has been emphasized in the Baltic Sea Action Plan of the Helsinki Commission. An integrated chemical–biological approach is vitally important for the understanding and proper assessment of anthropogenic pressures and their effects on the Baltic Sea. Such an approach is also necessary for prudent management aiming at safeguarding the sustainable use of ecosystem goods and Services. The BEAST project (Biological Effects of Anthropogenic Chemical Stress: Tools for the Assessment of Ecosystem Health) set out to address this topic within the BONUS Programme. BEAST generated a large amount of quality-assured data on several biological effects parameters (biomarkers) in various marine species in different sub-regions of the Baltic Sea. New indicators (biological response measurement methods) and management tools (integrated indices) with regard to the integrated monitoring approach were suggested.     

实验室常见化学废弃物的危害及处理

论述了实验室几种常见废弃物的危害及处理方法，指出了废弃物必须经过有效处理，才能利于环境保护，防止意外事故发生。     

扬州市危险废弃物现状及处置措施

通过对扬州市危险废弃物环境管理现状的分析,提出了加强危险废物环境管理的几点措施.     

宿迁经济开发区环保工作面临的挑战与对策

文中总结宿迁经济开发区环保工作现状,分析未来宿迁经济开发区面临:水环境质量未能根本好转、生活污染物排放量上升并成为主要污染问题、环境基础设施建设滞后于社会经济发展、工业企业污染存在反弹趋势、农村环境问题亟需关注、客水污染问题仍然存在等挑战,并提出了应对这些挑战的对策。     

连云港市蔷薇河有机污染调查及对策

阐述了连云港市饮用水源蔷薇河的有机污染现状，分析其污染的来源，提出了应采取的控制措施和建议。