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同时去除柴油机排气中颗粒物和NOx的催化剂技术 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
文章介绍了同时去除柴油机排气中颗粒物和氮氧化物催化剂技术。这种技术的雏形是分阶段催化净化,即在排气管道中串连净化颗粒物的氧化催化剂DOC和还原氮氧化物且同时净化颗粒物的还原催化剂DRC。钙钛矿型化合物及其复合氧化物由于其特殊的结构和优异的催化性能,已成为现阶段研究的热点;同时,催化剂的抗硫中毒能力也成为目前关注的重点。最后提出今后研究的主要目标是降低PM的燃烧温度的同时并减少NOx的生成,并强调催化剂的抗硫中毒能力的提高。 相似文献
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浅议固定污染源排气中颗粒物采样的现场质量控制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
固定污染源排气中颗粒物的监测是环境监测的一项重要工作,颗粒物采样的准确与否,直接影响到环境监测能否真实反映污染源排放污染物的真实状况.本文从采样仪器、采样点位的确定、排气参数的测定、运行工况等几方面提出了固定污染源排气中颗粒物现场采样中应注意的问题,以保证环境监测的质量. 相似文献
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为进一步掌握区域内各类污染源的数量、行业和地区分布情况,了解主要污染物产生、排放和处理情况,曹县开展了第二次全国污染源普查,摸清了曹县工业废气污染源的分布、数量及排放情况。根据企业生产原料、废气排放量等情况对二氧化硫、氮氧化物、挥发性有机物和颗粒物进行分析,结果显示木材加工和木、竹、藤、棕、草制品业排放的废气含二氧化硫、氮氧化物、颗粒物较多,造纸和纸制品业排放的废气中有机废气较多。废气污染物治理过程氮氧化物的去除效率最低,由此提出区域废气治理的应对措施和策略,为区域大气污染物治理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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工业炉窑是大气污染物的重要排放源之一,针对除钢铁、水泥、焦化、石化等行业外的非重点行业炉窑,研究二氧化硫、氮氧化物、颗粒物的排放量及其在2025年的削减潜力,以期对“十四五”时期炉窑污染治理提出建议.非重点行业炉窑具有行业和区域分布广、底数不清、治理水平差、对环境质量影响大等特点,基于第二次全国污染源普查结果,二氧化硫、氮氧化物、颗粒物排放量分别占工业源排放总量的34.0%、21.2%、9.9%.研究充分考虑“十四五”经济社会发展特征和生态环境保护需要,建立了淘汰小型燃煤炉窑、清洁能源替代、提高末端治理设施去除率等减排方案,设定了两种减排情景(其中,情景1为小型燃煤炉窑淘汰+部分燃煤炉窑实施煤改气+治理效率提高至炉窑平均去除率,情景2为小型燃煤炉窑淘汰+部分燃煤炉窑实施煤改气+治理效率提高至工业源平均去除率),估算了2025年不同情景下非重点行业炉窑二氧化硫、氮氧化物、颗粒物的削减潜力及其排放量.结果表明:维持2017年管控水平下,2025年二氧化硫、氮氧化物、颗粒物排放量较2017年分别增加42.32%、40.11%、45.82%;情景1下,2025年二氧化硫、氮氧化物、颗粒物排放量分别较2017年减少0.84%、增加20.86%、减少71.49%;情景2下,2025年二氧化硫、氮氧化物、颗粒物排放量分别较2017年减少63.30%、16.67%、68.51%.根据情景分析结果,结合典型大气污染物“十四五”减排策略,明确了增设末端治理设施的行业,以及开展小型燃煤炉窑清理整顿和清洁能源替代的区域等. 相似文献
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基于IASI、OMI与TROPOMI卫星数据识别了2008~2019年四川盆地氨与氮氧化物柱浓度的变化趋势,并进一步采用空气质量模型CMAQ对2019年冬季四川盆地氨排放的大气环境影响进行了研究,评估了氨与氮氧化物单独减排及氨与氮氧化物协同减排情景下对四川盆地颗粒物污染的影响.结果表明:2008~2012年四川盆地氮氧化物排放逐年升高随后在2013~2019年迅速下降,而氨柱浓度在2008~2013年期间较为稳定,自2014年起迅速增长.四川盆地氨排放的高值区主要集中在人为活动强烈的成都及周边地区和川南城市群以及农业源氨排放主导的川西北地区.铵根离子在川南城市群的PM2.5当中占比高达11.4%,而对川西地区城市的PM2.5贡献较低.敏感性实验结果表明,氨与氮氧化物协同减排50%能有效降低大气中硝酸铵与硫酸铵的浓度,从而减少细颗粒物污染,改善四川盆地区域环境空气质量. 相似文献
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A series of perovskite-type oxides and supported Ag catalysts were prepared,and characterized by X-ray diffraction (CRD)and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The catalytic activities of the catalysts as well as influencing factors on catalytic activity have been investigated for the simultaneous removal of NOx and diesel soot particulate.An increase in catalytic activity for the selective reduction of NOx was observed with Ag addition in these perovskite oxides,especially with 5% Ag loading.This catalyst could be a promising candidate of catalytic material for the simultaneous elimination of NOx and diesel soot. 相似文献
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Binary oxide systems(Cu Cr2O4, Cu Co2O4), deposited onto cordierite monoliths of honeycomb structure with a second support(finely dispersed Al2O3), were prepared as filters for catalytic combustion of diesel soot using internal combustion engine’s gas exhausts(O2, NOx, H2 O, CO2) and O3 as oxidizing agents. It is shown that the second support increases soot capacity of aforementioned filters, and causes dispersion of the particles of spinel phases as active components enhancing thereby catalyst activity and selectivity of soot combustion to CO2. Oxidants used can be arranged with reference to decreasing their activity in a following series: O3 NO2> H2 O > NO > O2> CO2. Ozone proved to be the most efficient oxidizing agent: the diesel soot combustion by O3 occurs intensively(in the presence of copper chromite based catalyst) even at closing to ambient temperatures.Results obtained give a basis for the conclusion that using a catalytic coating on soot filters in the form of aforementioned binary oxide systems and ozone as the initiator of the oxidation processes is a promising approach in solving the problem of comprehensive purification of automotive exhaust gases at relatively low temperatures, known as the "cold start" problem. 相似文献
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The exhaust gas recirculation(EGR), coupled with a high-collection efficiency particulate trap to simultaneously control smoke and NOx emissions from diesel engines were studied. This ceramic trap developed previously provided the soot cleaning efficiency of 99%, the regeneration efficiency reaches 80% and the ratio of success reaches 97%, which make EGR used in diesel possible. At the presence of EGR, opening of the regeneration control valve of the trap was over again optimized to compensate for the decrease of the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas resulted from EGR. The results indicated the cleaning efficiency and regeneration performance of the trap were maintained at the same level except that the back pressure increased faster. A new EGR system was developed, which is based on a wide range oxygen(UEGO) sensor. Experiments were carded out under steady state conditions while maintaining the engine speed at 1600 r/min, setting the engine loads at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%respectively. Throughout each test the EGR rate was kept at nine different settings and data were taken with the gas analyzer and UEGO sensor. Then, the EGR rate and engine load maps, which showed the tendencies of NOx, CO and HC emissions from diesel engine,were made using the measured data. Using the maps, the author set up the EGR regulation, the relationship between the optimal amounts of EGR flow and the equivalence ratio, σ, where σ = 14.5/AFR. 相似文献
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A novel four-way combining catalysts for simultaneous removal of exhaust
pollutants from diesel engine 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
A novel four-way combining catalysts containing double layers was applied to simultaneously remove four kinds of exhaust pollutants(NOx,CO,HC and PM) emitted from diesel engine.The four-way catalysts were characterized using scanning electron microscope(SEM) and Ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-Vis DRS).Their catalytic performances were evaluated by temperature-programmed reaction technology.The double layer catalysts could effectively remove the four main pollutants.The highest catalytic activity was given by the two-layered catalysts of La0.6K0.4CoO3/Al2O3 and W/HZSM-5.Under the simulated exhaust gases conditions,the peak temperature of the soot combustion was 421°C,the maximal conversion of NO to N2 was 74%,the temperature of the HC total conversion was 357°C,and the maximum conversion ratio of CO was 99%. 相似文献
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柴油发动机的排气后处理技术是柴油发动机技术发展的核心。SCR处理系统是当前柴油机排气后处理技术之一,它能有效地去除柴油机排气中的NOx。将SCR处理系统与共轨柴油发动机结合并合理匹配,可满足更高排放标准的要求。 相似文献
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介绍了柴油机排气微粒收集消声装置的特点、结构、工作原理和设计过程。柴油机排气微粒收集消声装置包括排气微粒收集装置、排气微粒收集再生和排气微粒收集控制装置,在柴油机排气离心力产生的旋转气流以及静电装置产生的电场的双重效用下,收集柴油机的排气微粒,自动控制排气微粒收集再生及控制装置,使收集的微粒燃烧,排放到大气中。通过柴油机排气微粒收集消声装置的试验表明:收集效率最高可达到98.1%,排气背压最高可达到3.7kPa,消声装置可达到90.2dB,试验证实本装置适合于柴油发电机和大中型柴油发动机。 相似文献
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广州市机动车尾气排放特征研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
文章利用COPERT IV模型计算广州市机动车尾气排放因子,结合机动车保有量和构成,获得2008年广州市机动车尾气排放总量并对排放因子的速度敏感性,以及不同车型、不同排放标准、不同燃料类型机动车排放特征进行了分析。结果表明:2008年广州市机动车CO、NOX、VOC和PM的排放总量分别为138 772.42 t、80 868.69 t、24 907.26 t和3 171.97 t。摩托车和小客车是CO和VOC的主要贡献车型,贡献率总和分别达到78.31%和70.52%;而作为NOX和PM的主要贡献车型,大客车和重型货车的贡献率总和分别达到78.94%和83.72%。国0标准机动车排放水平高于其他排放标准的车型,CO和VOC的排放分担率接近于保有量比例的2倍。汽油车是CO和VOC的主要贡献车型,其排放贡献率超过80%;而PM排放主要以柴油车为主;柴油车的NOX排放总量高,接近于汽油车的2倍。 相似文献
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Aiming to investigate the impacts of n-octanol addition on the oxidation reactivity, morphology and graphitization of diesel exhaust particles, soot samples were collected from a four-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine fueled with D100(neat diesel fuel), DO15(85% diesel and 15% n-octanol, V/V) and DO30(70% diesel and 30% n-octanol, V/V). All tests were conducted at two engine speeds of 1370 and 2150 r/min under a fixed torque of 125 N ·m. The soot properties were characterized by thermogravimet... 相似文献