半球形封头热拉深成形理论分析

利用主应力法对半球形封头的拉深成形进行了分析与研究。将板料划分为四个区域 :法兰区、凹模圆角区、悬空锥形区和球形区 ,对每个区域的应力分布进行了理论推导与探讨 ,以期对该类产品的设计、生产和加工有所帮助。     

An analysis of the trend in ground-level ozone using non-homogeneous poisson processes

This paper provides a method for measuring the long-term trend in the frequency with which ground-level ozone present in the ambient air exceeds the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone. A major weakness of previous studies that estimate the long-term trend in the very high values of ozone, and therefore the long-term trend in the probability of satisfying the NAAQS for ozone, is their failure to account for the confounding effects of meterological conditions on ozone levels. Meteorological variables such as temperature, wind speed, and frontal passage play an important role in the formation of ground-level ozone. A non-homogenous Poisson process is used to account for the relationship between very high values of ozone and meteorological conditions. This model provides an estimate of the trend in the ozone values after allowing for the effects of meteorological conditions. Therefore, this model provides a means to measure the effectiveness of pollution control programs after accounting for the effects of changing weather conditions. When our approach is applied to data collected at two sites in Houston, TX, we find evidence of a gradual long-term downward trend in the frequency of high values of ozone. The empirical results indicate how possibly misleading results can be obtained if the analysis does not account for changing weather conditions.     

Prediction of flange wrinkling in deep drawing process using bifurcation criterion

Surface distortions in the form of wrinkles are often observed in sheet metals during stamping and other forming operations. Because of the trend in recent years towards thinner, higher-strength sheet metals, wrinkling is increasingly becoming a more common and troublesome mode of failure in sheet metal forming. The prediction and prevention of wrinkling during a sheet forming process are important issues for the design of part geometry and processing parameters. This paper treats the phenomenon of flange wrinkling as a bifurcated solution of the equations governing the deep drawing problem when the flat position of the flange becomes unstable. Hill’s bifurcation criterion is used to predict the onset of flange wrinkling in circular and square cup drawing. In particular, the maximum cup height that can be drawn without the onset of flange wrinkling is predicted for the given set of process parameters. A parametric study of the maximum cup height is also carried out with respect to various geometric, material and process parameters. Finite element formulation, based on the updated Lagrangian approach, is employed for the analysis. The incremental logarithmic strain measure, which allows the use of a large incremental deformation, is used. The stresses are updated in a material frame. The material is assumed to be elastic–plastic, strain hardening, yielding according to an anisotropic yield criterion of Barlat et al. (2005) [23] (named as Yld2004-18p). Isotropic power law hardening is assumed. Inertia forces are neglected due to small accelerations. Modified Newton–Raphson iterative technique is used to solve the nonlinear incremental equations.     

碳同位素方法在水体溶解有机碳来源解析中的应用

水体碳库是全球碳库的重要组成部分,对区域乃至全球碳循环具有重要影响。溶解性有机碳（DOC）是水体主要的有机碳库,受自然和人类的双重影响,存在不同碳赋存方式之间的转化,代表了水体中的生物活动水平和受污染程度,并在水体碳循环乃至全球碳循环中发挥重要作用。碳来源是研究碳循环的基础,目前,碳同位素示踪方法是研究水体DOC来源最为有效的手段之一,并已进行了一系列颇有成果的研究,得出水体DOC大致有两种来源,即内源和外源,内源包括水生生物有机碳释放和颗粒有机碳（POC）降解等,外源包括陆源输入、大气降解、污水汇入等。本文验证了一种将δ¹³C与Δ¹⁴C值相结合示踪水体DOC来源的有效方法。碳来源示踪方法的不断改进和研究的不断深入,将有助于区分人为干扰对碳来源的影响,识别碳的储存与释放过程,从而进一步了解碳循环模式。     

模拟退火法优化约束条件下造林规划设计的研究

模拟退火法是一种新的优化算法 ,文中首次提出用该法确定在资金、计划、苗木品种和数量等约束条件下小班造林规划设计最优方案 ,并阐述其数学模型和具体方法。笔者用97个造林小班资料 ,应用模拟退火法对在约束条件下的小班造林规划设计进行了方案优化 ,结果表明该法优化约束条件下造林规划设计效果很理想。     

从含钴废料中提取钴的研究进展

叙述了钴资源的分布概况，详细介绍了当前提取钴的方法与技术进展。我国作为钴资源缺乏的国家，提高钴的回收率是非常必要的。     

基于聚类分析和判别分析的河流水质空间分析方法

水质改变受到时间、气候、人为等多方面的因素影响,形成的检测数据也十分复杂而多样,要客观的对其进行分析与监控就需要对其进行分类处理,利用聚类与判别方式将其归类并突出主要因素,这样才能在水质分析中获得较好的效果。     

高效预处理方法在海洋鱼类137Cs测量中的应用

针对传统海洋鱼类放射性测量过程中样品需求量大、预处理耗时长、劳动强度大等问题,本研究提出了一种高效快速的预处理方法,并将其应用于日本鲭体中放射性核素¹³⁷Cs的测量.研究结果显示,利用该预处理方法所获取的日本鲭样品中¹³⁷Cs的活度值为（0.072±0.01） Bq/kg鲜样,与用传统方法测量所获得的结果（0.078±0.01） Bq/kg鲜样处于误差范围以内,但样品的预处理时间可缩减约70%,样品量也减少约65%.     

参数化绘图系统的开发与应用

探讨了参数化绘图系统开发的基本算法、功能和要求及开发步骤,简单介绍了国内外参数化CAD的应用情况。     

Neutron activation method in the analysis of environmental objects

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总磷和总氮的海水与淡水分析方法比较

应用国家的海水分析方法(流动注射分析法)和地表水分析方法测定珠江口不同盐度的海水样品中的总磷和总氮,分别进行精密度试验和准确度试验,并对两种国标方法进行比较。实验结果表明,两种方法无显著性差异。流动注射法适用于任何盐度海水中总磷和总氮的测定,且方法具有检出限低、环保、高效等优点。     

An optimized two-step derivatization method for analyzing diethylene glycol ozonation products using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry

The ozonation of hydroxyl compounds(e.g., sugars and alcohols) gives a broad range of products such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. This study developed and optimized a two-step derivatization procedure for analyzing polar products of aldehydes and carboxylic acids from the ozonation of diethylene glycol(DEG) in a non-aqueous environment using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Experiments based on Central Composite Design with response surface methodology were carried out to evaluate the effects of derivatization variables and their interactions on the analysis. The most desirable derivatization conditions were reported, i.e., oximation was performed at room temperature overnight with the o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxyl amine to analyte molar ratio of 6, silylation reaction temperature of 70°C, reaction duration of 70 min, and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide volume of 12.5 μL. The applicability of this optimized procedure was verified by analyzing DEG ozonation products in an ultrafine condensation particle counter simulation system.     

Decomposition of poly(amide-imide) film enameled on solid copper wire using atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasma

The decomposition of a poly(amide-imide) thin film coated on a solid copper wire was attempted using atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasma. The plasma was produced by applying microwave power to an electrically conductive material in a gas mixture of argon, oxygen, and hydrogen. The poly(amide-imide) thin film was easily decomposed by argon-oxygen mixed gas plasma and an oxidized copper surface was obtained. The reduction of the oxidized surface with argon-hydrogen mixed gas plasma rapidly yielded a metallic copper surface. A continuous plasma heat-treatment process using a combination of both the argon-oxygen plasma and argon-hydrogen plasma was found to be suitable for the decomposition of the poly(amide-imide) thin film coated on the solid copper wire.     

报废显像管的适用处置方法

指出了报废显像管的处理是报废电视机处理的关键步骤,分析了显像管屏、锥玻璃的结构组成,概述了报废显像管环保处理的几种方法,介绍了适用于报废显像管玻璃环保处理、再生利用的实用工艺过程。     

An analysis of the 1984 locust plague in Australia using multitemporal landsat multispectral data and a simulation model of locust development

An analysis of the 1984 locust (Chortoicetes terminifera (Walker)) plague in Australia was undertaken to determine its source region using a simulation model of locust development and whether using appropriately enhanced satellite data, the individual areas that were suitable for locust breeding could be detected within this region. The origin of the 1984 plague was found to be in the Channel Country of south west Queensland, and satellite data indicated that there were localised areas suitable for locust breeding at the appropriate time other than those detected by ground survey. It is concluded that it isfeasible to use satellite data on an operational basis to detect areas suitable for locust breeding by monitoring changes in vegetation condition. Using the locust simulation model, the course of breeding and possible plague development can then be forecast, and ground surveys directed to the areas of interest at the approximate time.     

一种城市水体感官质量的评价方法

随着水十条的颁布实施,大量城市水体水质得到显著提升,而目前的水质分级评价方法难以反映城市水体的感官质量提升.本研究选择苏州市区23个城市水体采样点,通过定期监测获得了774套水质与感官评价数据.在此基础上,提出了一种符合城市水体特点的感官质量评价方法.通过考察城市水体感官质量与不同水质指标的相关性,筛选出了氧化还原电位、浊度、氨氮、溶解氧作为表征城市水体感官质量的特征性指标,并确定了不同指标水体分级的浓度限值,通过插值计算以及加权平均的计算方法,建立了城市水体感官愉悦度指数（WCI）评价方法.对该评价方法进行了验证,发现依据水质指标计算得到的WCI与现场人员感官评价结果相对误差小于40%的样本占总样本量的93%.研究结果表明,该方法可用于平原河网地区城市水体感官质量的评价,并为地方水体修复治理效果评价和公众休闲娱乐提供指导.     

基于全局敏感性分析方法的WASP模型不确定性分析

为了定量讨论WASP(The water quality analysis simulation program,水质分析模拟程序)模型中各参数对模拟结果的影响及其不确定性,本文在Simulink环境下对模型进行重组,利用Sobol方法,对影响DO、CBOD、NH3-N、NO3--N等4项输出的各参数敏感性进行了研究,重点讨论了输入条件如时空变化对参数敏感性的影响.结果表明:Sobol全局敏感性分析方法能够有效地筛选出WASP模型中对DO、CBOD、NH3-N、NO3-变化模拟较为敏感的参数,在实现模型参数“本土化”中具有较大的应用潜力;对比总敏感性与一阶敏感性指数之间的差异, WASP模型当中的若干参数(如GP1、PNH3、anc等)耦合性较强,不宜使用一次一个变量法对这些变量进行敏感性分析;在参数敏感性变化方面,即使对于同一条河流,WASP的参数敏感性指数会因边界条件的时空变化而发生改变.敏感性受空间变化的影响不大,但受时间(季节)变化的影响显著;输入变量随时间的变化,会引起模型不确定性在各季节上的较大的差异;WASP模型当中存在明显的“异参同效”作用,仅靠传统方法进行全局寻优率定,并不能体现水体各组分之间相互转化的过程,还需要结合实验对关键参数进行率定.     

An expeditious aqueous Suzuki-Miyaura method for the substituted aryl heterocyclics

Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions utilizing aryl halides have become a widely used strategy for the formation of new carbon-carbon bonds and in particular for the synthesis of biaryls. The replacement of expensive, toxic, and flammable organic solvents by water is highly desirable for reducing costs and for developing environmentally benign synthetic reactions that facilitate catalyst recycling. Herein, we report an efficient Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction using a variety of heterocyclic halides in neat water. Employing air- and moisture-stable palladium-phosphinous acid catalyst [(t-Bu)₂P(OH)]₂PdCl₂(POPd) allows formation of substituted aryl heterocyclics in moderate to high yields. The organic cosolvents are not required. The feasibility of catalyst recycling has also been demonstrated.     

不加催化剂和掩蔽剂的微波密封消解法测定CODCr

现行的测定化学需氧量的标准方法存在许多缺点，密封消解法缩短了消解时间，但仍存在汞盐污染。作者对微波密封消解法测定ＣＯＤＣｒ作了进一步研究。结果表明，不加Ａｇ２ＳＯ４作催化剂，也不加ＨｇＳＯ４作氯离子的掩蔽剂，该方法同样可以得到与回流法相近的分析结果。同时还提出应当控制的反应时间、反应体系酸度等操作参数。该方法是一种可供选用的无汞盐化学需氧量快速测定法。