任意变截面棒材无模拉伸数学模型的研究

无模拉伸是近年来新开发的一种金属成形工艺。此文在对无模拉伸的发展动态、国内外研究概况等进行综合分析的基础上,分析了任意变截面棒材无模拉伸的变形机制及成形可行性,提出了任意变截面棒材无模拉伸速度或冷热源移动速度的理论计算方法。并提出了几种抛物面棒材无模拉伸的速度模型。经过实验研究证明,此文提出的速度模型较好地表达了任意变截面棒材无模拉伸速度变化规律。     

高级轿车后簧无模拉伸数学模型

介绍了一种新型的无模拉伸加工高级轿车后簧的成形方法及生产工艺 ,分析了高级轿车后簧的无模拉伸的变形机制 ,利用微积分理论及变形条件 ,提出拉伸速度的变化规律 ,建立无模拉伸高级轿车后簧的数学模型。通过实验证明 ,在V0 给定的条件下 ,控制拉伸速度Vi 的数学模型简单、可靠。     

锥管件无模拉伸数学模型的研究

此文分析了锥形管件无模拉伸的变形机制,提出了锥管形件无模拉伸速度、冷热源移动速度的变化规律,对锥形管壁厚的变化也提出了相应的数学模型,并通过实验研究证明,本文提出的速度模型,较好地表达了锥形管件无模拉伸冷热源速度变化的规律.     

Deformation inhomogeneity in roll drawing process

The deformation inhomogeneity of flat wires produced with roll drawing process is analyzed. The effect of main process parameters, i.e., initial wire diameter, forming roll dimension and thickness reduction on deformation inhomogeneity is established by means of experimental tests and a developed FE model. Vickers microhardness–strain relationship is developed for the analyzed material (low carbon steel AISI-1010) by correlating the microhardness measurements and effective strain fields as predicted by an axisymmetric numerical model of a compression test. A non-linear finite element model of roll drawing process is developed for a thorough understanding of process parameters effect on deformation inhomogeneity. Thus, in order to encompass the wide range of process conditions, an inhomogeneity index, calculated as the coefficient of variation of effective strain, is used. The numerical results showed that the inhomogeneity factor of flat wires produced with roll drawing is highly dependent on area reduction.     

特殊结构(带支柱)球罐整体无模成形工艺的实验研究

为了解决无模成形方法成形大型球罐的困难,此文提出了一种特殊结构的壳体,该壳体在胀形前已将支柱焊在球瓣上,并且针对赤道带瓣对接焊处成形困难问题提出了一种减少瓣间两面角的特殊工艺方法.此文针对这种壳体的无模成形技术进行了实验研究,并对应变分布、直径变化及柱脚在不同摩擦条件下位移进行了测量分析,指出了此种壳体的无模成形技术是可行的,并具有良好的经济性,为大型球罐的无模成形制造提供了技术依据.     

不锈钢棒材无模成形温度场有限元模拟

采用有限元法对不锈钢棒材无模成形温度场进行了研究 ,并利用有限元分析软件对其进行了模拟 ,该模拟结果很好地反映了拉伸件在整个变形过程中的温度分布规律 ,为无模成形的进一步研究提供了可靠的依据     

铝包钢丝拉拔工艺设计与试验

选用连续挤压包覆法生产的铝包钢丝毛坯，采用强制润滑拉拔技术进行拉拔试验研究。通过试验、比较筛选了适合铝包铜丝拉拔的耐温耐压润滑剂。在对铝包钢丝拉拔工艺进行合理设计的基础上，拉制出了产品。对产品的机械性能和电性能进行了测试，并对断口进行了扫描电镜的观察。结果表明，双金属的结合性能良好,各项性能指标均达到相关标准。这一试验研究对铝包钢丝的生产有指导意义。     

LYl2半球形件拉深成形过程的动力显式有限元模拟

基于连续介质力学及有限变形理论 ,建立了用于三维板料成形过程模拟的有限元模型 ,开发了动力显式算法的板料成形过程模拟的有限元分析程序DESSFORMM3D。最后 ,用笔者新开发的动力显式弹粘塑性有限元程序对不同压边情况下半球形件的拉深过程进行分析 ,并把数值结果与实验进行对比 ,验证了软件的计算结果。     

Using micro deep drawing with ironing stages to form stainless steel 304 micro cups

The needs of stainless steel 304 micro cups have been increasing tremendously due to the trend of miniaturization in medical and electronic devices, etc. For application purpose, it is highly desired to have stainless steel micro cups with high CH/OD (cup height/outer diameter) ratios. Due to the constraints of the limit draw ratio (LDR) of stainless steel 304 sheets in micro deep drawing, forming a micro cup with high CH/OD ratio at room temperature cannot be achieved by using a single stage deep drawing die. A process consisting of one micro deep drawing and two ironing stages was proposed for achieving this goal; three micro dies were designed, fabricated and used for experimental validation. A series of experiments were conducted by using the stainless steel 304 sheets of 200 μm thickness annealed at four different temperatures to understand the influence of size effects on this process for generating knowledge, know-how and technologies to form high quality stainless steel micro cups with large CH/OD ratio. No lubricant was used in this study. It was proven that the proposed process is a robust process as long as the sheets are annealed at the temperature no less than 900 °C for more than 3 min.     

管材无模成形温度场的数值模拟及分析

采用有限单元法并结合有限元分析软件 ,对管材无模成形时管材温度场进行数值模拟研究 ,得到管材无模拉伸变形过程中温度场分布规律 ,并对影响温度场的因素加以分析 ,如冷热源间距、冷热源移动速度、加载时间分别对温度场分布的影响 ,该模拟结果与实验结果相吻合。     

用有限变形弹塑性有限元法对金属塑性成形工艺的分析和优化

从成形工艺优化、模具设计以及产品缺陷分析等角度出发,对线材通过锥形模的拉拔成形过程进行了详尽的有限元模拟.在有限变形弹塑性有限元程序的编制中我们采用了纠正的拉格朗日列式和基于变形梯度张量弹塑性乘法分解的超弹性—塑性本构关系,并用罚函数法处理了单测接触与摩擦问题,通过与实验结果的比较表明,有限元预测结果是可靠的,它将为线材拉拔成形工艺的计算机辅助设计提供重要的依据.     

Parametric glass milling with simultaneous control

Parametric glass milling is presented to machine periodical circular channels on the glass plates for manufacturing micro testing devices. An end mill traverses in the linear motion during the workpiece rotation, which are synchronized by simultaneous control. The glass milling is controlled by 4 parameters in a mathematical model without NC program. Based on the principle of the parametric machining and the effect of the cutter axis inclination on the cutting process, a milling machine was developed to perform the parametric glass milling with an inclined ball end mill. The cutter axis inclination and the actual feed rate are associated with the critical feed rate, the maximum feed rate at which a crack-free surface is finished. As a machining example, a periodical circular channel was machined with a transparent surface by the simultaneous control.     

钨合金棒材无模流变成形有限元分析

采用刚塑性有限元法分析钨合金棒材无模流变成形变形区速度场、应力场及变形力。收敛条件采用总能量泛函收敛准则、速度收敛准则、节点力不平衡量收敛准则的 3个条件同时满足的收敛判定。给出钨合金棒材无模流变成形力能参数的数值解。变形力理论计算值与实验结果相吻合 ,相对误差小于 10 %。     

板材成形新技术及其发展趋势(Ⅰ)

近些年来,面对全球化的竞争,越来越需要小批量、多样化、周期短的新的成形技术.薄板成形技术在成形工艺中占有很重要的地位,其多样化趋势已经变得越来越明显,出现了多种加工方法,它对将来的工业结构和产品的生产技术将是一场革命.文中介绍了变压边力技术、成对液压成形技术、粘介质成形技术、无模分层成形技术等几种柔性化程度高的板材成形技术及其发展趋势.     

Transient mathematical modelling of a fluidized bed incinerator for sewage sludge

Sewage sludge production has been increasing due to the growth of urban wastewater treatment plants. According to the enforcement of current environmental regulations, many efforts must be done to manage the large amount of generated sludge. Incineration is one potential treatment process.As far as control, design and operational guidance of processes are concerned, a successful simulation work may significantly reduce the efforts in experimental study.In this goal, a real-time simulator has been developed to describe bubbling fluidized bed incineration of sewage sludge.In the present work, details of the mathematical model are presented. The two main particularities are the buffer zone characteristics in one hand, and on the sewage sludge pyrolysis, supposed to be flash on the other one. The model results are partially validated by comparison with experimental data issued from the literature. An example of a possible scenario is given.     

抽水对地壳形变观测影响的研究

抽水引起地面沉降问题早已引起世界各国的关注,是目前世界上许多取用地下水的国家共同面临的严重环境保护问题。我国地面沉降研究工作的开展已有10多年的历史,主要方法是利用沉降模型进行模拟推测,其弊端较多。由于缺少地下水水位和地面沉降的实际观测资料,难以进行细致的研究。蓟县地震台进行地形变监测已有十几年的历史,在长期的地形变观测中,不仅能监视到抽水引起地面倾角的地变化(经换算可得地面垂直方向的变化),还能监视地面因抽水引起地面水平方向的变化。为具体研究人工抽水与地壳形变的关系进行抽水实验。     

Effects of temperature and discharge parameters on ozone concentration of negative corona discharge

The relationship of the ozone generation and the heating power, corona wire surface temperature, discharge electrode and netting electrode was studied during the negative corona discharge. The experimental results showed that the ozone concentration reduced with applied voltage decrease. With heating power increase, the ozone concentration of unit current decreased at exponential rate and it almost change no longer over 0.40 W. Under given temperature, the lower the applied voltage was, the smaller the ozone concentration was; while under given applied voltages, only over 11 kV could decrease with the surface temperature increase. The ozone concentration decreased with the lengthening of corona wire, and could reduced to 10 ppb under experimental condition of 14.2 kV; it also decreased with the shortening of wire diarmeter,and could decrease 67% at best in the given condition. Moreover, it decreased with the increasing size of netting electrode mesh. At the anion current of 1.65 μA, the ozone concentration of 5.0 x 5.0 cm^2 is only 41% of that of 3.3 x 3.3 cm^2 .     

多目标优化在锻造毛坯形状优化设计中的应用

以形状相对简单的单工序锻件为研究对象,以同时获得材料消耗最小和变形程度最均匀的终锻件为优化目标,对锻造过程毛坯形状进行多目标优化设计的研究。给出了单工序锻件形状优化设计的总的目标函数及其各子目标函数的表示方法及计算表达式,以毛坯的高径(宽)比作为优化设计的变量,基于刚粘塑性有限元理论,采用黄金分割法进行优化迭代,编制了相应的程序,并对一典型的轴对称H型锻件的毛坯形状进行了多目标的优化设计,取得了明显的效果。     

Double-electrode arc welding process: Principle,variants, control and developments

Double-electrode gas metal arc welding (DE-GMAW) is a novel welding process in which a second electrode, non-consumable or consumable, is added to bypass part of the wire current. The bypass current reduces the heat input in non-consumable DE-GMAW or increases the deposition rate in consumable DE-GMAW. The fixed correlation of the heat input with the deposition in conventional GMAW and its variants is thus changed and becomes controllable. At the University of Kentucky, DE-GMAW has been tested/developed by adding a plasma arc welding torch, a GTAW (gas tungsten arc welding) torch, a pair of GTAW torches, and a GMAW torch. Steels and aluminum alloys are welded and the system is powered by one or multiple power supplies with appropriate control methods. The metal transfer has been studied at the University of Kentucky and Shandong University resulting in the desirable spray transfer be obtained with less than 100 A base current for 1.2 mm diameter steel wire. At Lanzhou University of Technology, pulsed DE-GMAW has been successfully developed to join aluminum/magnesium to steel. At the Adaptive Intelligent Systems LLC, DE-GMAW principle has been applied to the submerged arc welding (SAW) and the embedded control systems needed for industrial applications have been developed. The DE-SAW resulted in 1/3 reduction in heat input for a shipbuilding application and the weld penetration depth was successfully feedback controlled. In addition, the bypass concept is extended to the GTAW resulting in the arcing-wire GTAW which adds a second arc established between the tungsten and filler to the existing gas tungsten arc. The DE-GMAW is extended to double-electrode arc welding (DE-AW) where the main electrode may not necessarily to be consumable. Recently, the Beijing University of Technology systematically studied the metal transfer in the arcing-wire GTAW and found that the desired metal transfer modes may always be obtained from the given wire feed speed by adjusting the wire current and wire position/orientation appropriately. A variety of DE-AW processes are thus available to suit for different applications, using existing arc welding equipment.     

A new approach of drawing airport noise contours on computer based on Surfer

Noise contours are used to describe the extent of airport noise pollution and to plan land use around airports. The LWECP, (weighted equivalent continuous perceive noise level) recommended by ICAO( International Civil Aviation Organization) is adopted as airport noise rating parameter in this paper. With the help of various mathematical models in the software Surfer, noise contours can be drawn automatically by the completed program in Visual C Code. Corrections for thrust, velocity, atmospheric temperature, humidity and lateral ground attenuation are also considered in the new method, which can improve the efficiency of drawing contours. An example of its use for drawing noise contours of an airport in Zhejiang Province of China is proposed and the predictions and the measurements show agreements well.