溶解氧对单级颗粒污泥自养脱氮系统影响的模拟

为了研究溶解氧对SBR单级颗粒污泥自养脱氮系统的影响,基于活性污泥ASM3模型和短程硝化-硝化-反硝化模型,将颗粒污泥传质过程与氨氧化菌（AOB）、厌氧氨氧化菌（AAOB）、亚硝酸盐氧化菌（NOB）、反硝化菌（DNF）的生长过程、好氧内源呼吸及缺氧内源呼吸过程等耦合,建立了单级自养脱氮颗粒污泥动力学模型,并对颗粒内部基质浓度分布进行预测.结果显示,当DO为0.4mg/L时,好氧区和缺氧区（厌氧区）的比例为0.4：1;当DO为0.6mg/L时,颗粒污泥好氧区与缺氧区（厌氧区）的比例为3：1.同时,根据基质反应速率方程,建立了颗粒污泥的单级自养脱氮系统动力学模型,对SBR系统运行效果进行预测,结果显示,DO为0.6mg/L时,氨氮反应完全,亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮在5mg/L以下,总氮去除率模拟值为89%左右,略低于实际测量脱氮率95%.     

低温SNAD颗粒污泥工艺启动方式

为研究启动方式对同步短程硝化、厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化(SNAD)颗粒污泥工艺的影响,低温(12.7~18.3℃)条件下,R1和R2反应器分别通过先启动全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺和先启动厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化(SAD)工艺的方式逐步启动SNAD颗粒污泥工艺.结果表明,R1反应器启动成功后,氨氮几乎完全去除,总氮去除率达到86.7%.低氨氮浓度运行时,出水总氮去除率下降至75.3%,出水总氮浓度在10 mg·L~(-1)左右,NOB存在过量增殖现象,出水总氮浓度超过北京市水污染物排放标准一级A规定.R2反应器启动成功后,出水几乎不含氨氮,总氮去除率在89.1%左右,略高于R1反应器.低氨氮浓度运行时,出水氨氮浓度小于1.0 mg·L~(-1),出水总氮浓度小于6 mg·L~(-1),出水氨氮和总氮浓度满足地标一级A标准.先启动SAD工艺可以在启动初期通过厌氧运行将NOB逐渐淘汰出系统内,维持了系统的稳定性,为后续曝气启动SNAD工艺提供了良好的基础,维持了反应器的稳定运行,实现出水总氮长期排放达标.     

低浓度氨氮废水单级自养脱氮EGSB反应器的快速启动

将单级自养脱氮生物膜污泥作为种泥接种于膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器中,并对该反应器进行启动.在温度为(30±2)℃,p H值为7.8~8.2,DO为0.2~1.1 mg·L~(-1),上升流速为2.0~4.0 m·h~(-1)的条件下,进行了低浓度氨氮(60~100 mg·L~(-1))废水的单级自养脱氮工艺快速启动研究.结果表明,经过83 d的运行,反应器历经适应期、提高期和稳定期后,稳定运行阶段NH_4~+-N、TN去除率分别达到99.4%和80.7%.通过控制回流比和提高进水氨氮负荷维持了稳定的低DO状态,有效抑制了硝化细菌的生长,而部分亚硝化反应和厌氧氨氧化反应为主导反应并能保持高效、稳定的脱氮效果,成功实现了在膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器中单级自养脱氮过程的启动.颗粒污泥平均粒径从174μm增大到296μm.扫描电镜显示颗粒污泥表面光滑,微生物以球菌、短杆菌为主.FISH结果显示亚硝化细菌分布在颗粒污泥表面,厌氧氨氧化菌分布在颗粒污泥内部.反应器中构建了稳定的自养脱氮颗粒污泥系统.     

启动三级PN/A颗粒污泥反应器处理高浓度氨氮废水

为将部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化技术(PN/A)应用于高浓度氨氮废水的处理,本研究以经破碎后的全自养脱氮颗粒污泥为种污泥,通过协同控制进水氨氮负荷(NLR)、各格室溶解氧(DO)水平和游离氨(FA)浓度等参数,在106 d内成功启动了三级连续流反应器.结果表明,颗粒污泥在启动初期呈现明显的亚硝化功能.反应器采用高NLR和限制曝气的控制策略,能够有效控制亚硝酸氧化菌增殖,并避免DO对厌氧氨氧化菌的抑制作用,有利于颗粒密实度和脱氮活性的提升.当进水氨氮浓度升至350 mg·L-1时,通过调节进水p H和碱度投加量,可以消除前端格室内高FA浓度对功能菌活性的不利影响.反应器最终实现了7. 2 kg·(m~3·d)-1的总氮去除负荷,较传统活性污泥法高出50～100倍.模拟不同曝气强度的序批次实验也证明,各格室污泥的脱氮活性持续增强,且格室1中颗粒污泥的成熟度最高.期间,胞外聚合物含量与比总氮去除速率呈现良好的线性相关(R2 0. 97),这意味着颗粒密实度的改善对提升反应器性能具有积极意义.     

全程自养脱氮颗粒污泥培养及动力学研究

SBR反应器接种厌氧颗粒污泥,经过3个阶段培养,成功培养出全程自养脱氮颗粒污泥,并对颗粒污泥系统进行动力学研究.建立了描述全程自养脱氮的动力学模型.由于溶解氧(DO)在颗粒污泥内呈梯度分布,模型引入DO校正系数.通过模型研究反硝化作用、亚硝酸盐和DO对过程的影响,模拟结果与实测结果相一致.结果说明,异养反硝化菌的存在,在一定程度上影响厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)过程,但是随着启动的进行,反硝化的影响逐渐降低.初始亚硝酸盐浓度为20~30 mg/L时,厌氧氨氧化开始受到抑制,总氮去除率开始降低.DO浓度的过高或过低都会导致全程自养脱氮效果受限制.根据进水氨氮浓度调整DO浓度,可使总氮去除效率达到较佳水平.进水氨氮浓度为80 mg/L时,最佳DO为0.3~0.6 mg/L.     

PN/A双菌层系统的构建及其脱氮性能

分别采用SBR反应器和MBR反应器驯化培养亚硝化污泥和厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonia oxidation,ANAMMOX)污泥,并通过微生物包埋技术将两类污泥分别包埋,构建亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化(partial nitrification-ANAMMOX,PN/A)双菌层系统.短期实验证明该系统中亚硝化菌(ammonia oxidizing bacteria,AOB)和ANAMMOX菌在不同阶段分别起主导作用,维持系统的酸碱平衡,并实现NH+4-N的高效去除(98.8%).长期实验表明,在溶解氧受限时,PN/A双菌层系统能够有效提高系统对溶解氧的利用效率,并增强系统的稳定性和脱氮效能.在溶解氧为1.0 mg·L~(-1),进水NH+4-N质量浓度分别为200 mg·L~(-1)和400 mg·L~(-1)时,对照组脱氮效率仅为58.1%和61.4%,而PN/A双菌层系统脱氮效率均稳定在80%左右;溶解氧为3.0mg·L~(-1),进水NH+4-N质量浓度为400 mg·L~(-1)时,PN/A双菌层系统总氮去除率达87.9%,总氮积累负荷(NLR)为0.4kg·(m3·d)-1,总氮去除负荷(NRR)为12.8 mg·(g·h)-1.     

溶解氧对活性污泥系统的脱氮效果和硝化细菌群落结构的影响

通过改变推流式活性污泥系统曝气池内的溶解氧(DO)浓度,考察了DO对脱氮效率的影响,以及硝化细菌的群落结构和多样性随DO浓度降低的变化规律.水质监测结果显示,系统曝气池中DO浓度从3 mg·L~(-1)降低到0.5 mg·L~(-1)运行时,曝气池中的硝化和脱氮效果并未受影响,且氨氮和总氮的去除效果可分别达到98%和85%以上.当DO浓度进一步降低到0.3 mg·L~(-1)和0.2 mg·L~(-1)时,系统的脱氮效果变差,而且难以达到稳定状态.PCR-DGGE和基因测序分析结果显示,氨氧化细菌(AOB)和亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(NOB)所属的Nitrospira的群落结构随DO的变化并不显著,群落结构的动态变化水平分别为20%~40%和10%~40%.Nitrobacter的群落结构随DO浓度的降低发生了明显的变化,不同DO工况下的Nitrobacter群落结构存在较大差异.测序结果显示,AOB中的Nitrosomonas oligotropha,NOB中的Group1 Nitrobacter和Group 1 Nitrospira均是低DO条件下贡献硝化作用的硝化细菌.因此,在低DO(0.5 mg·L~(-1))工况下,完全可以实现稳定的硝化作用,这为污水处理厂降低DO运行提供了可靠的理论依据.     

室温低氨氮基质单级自养脱氮颗粒污泥启动效能与污泥特性

室温低氨氮基质条件下单级自养脱氮工艺的启动和稳定运行是该工艺应用于市政污水处理的前提和基础.本研究在气升式反应器中接种久置的PN/A(partial nitritation and ANAMMOX)颗粒污泥,控制温度在(23±2)℃,pH在7. 7～8. 0,以氨氮浓度为70 mg·L~(-1)的人工无机配水为基质,考察单级部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化实现室温启动效能.通过逐级缩短HRT(1. 1 h→0. 9 h→0. 7 h→0. 5 h)提升氮负荷[1. 53 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)→1. 87 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)→2. 40 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)→3. 36kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)],逐步恢复AOB、AMX菌活性以及微生物协同效能.经过95 d运行调控,反应器成功启动,NH_4~+-N和TN去除率达85%和69%.根据各阶段污泥性能,严格控制溶解氧,有效抑制NOB.污泥适应环境后,颗粒粒径随负荷提升逐渐增大,最终平均粒径达1. 30 mm.成熟的自养颗粒污泥轮廓光滑清晰,扫描电镜显示,颗粒污泥内部形成空腔,表面有孔隙,污泥形态以球菌为主,并有少量杆菌及短杆菌. EPS主要成分为蛋白质(81. 48%),泥水分离效果较好.     

溶解氧对悬浮与附着生长系统短程硝化反应的影响机制

溶解氧(DO)是控制短程硝化的重要因素,其对不同的生物处理系统有不同的影响.本文研究了DO对悬浮污泥及生物膜系统短程硝化效果的影响,并利用高通量测序技术分析了微生物群落结构变化.结果表明,对于悬浮污泥系统,当DO从0. 25 mg·L~(-1)增加到0. 50 mg·L~(-1)时,氨氧化速率(AOR)从18. 08 mg·(L·h)-1升高至30. 27 mg·(L·h)-1;当曝气继续增加,DO达到3. 00 mg·L~(-1),仅运行14 d,进水氨氮(NH_4+-N)基本全部转化为硝酸盐氮(NO_3--N),且通过降低DO来恢复短程硝化效果需77 d,恢复过程缓慢.对于生物膜系统,DO由2. 50 mg·L~(-1)上升到3. 00 mg·L~(-1)的过程中,AOR稳定在11. 50～13. 50mg·(L·h)-1,当DO为3. 00 mg·L~(-1)时,80 d的运行结果显示,出水中氨氮与亚硝酸盐氮(NO_2--N)的比值可长期稳定在1∶1. 2～1∶1. 7,基本满足ANAMMOX工艺进水要求.微生物群落结构分析结果表明,悬浮污泥系统在DO从0. 25 mg·L~(-1)增加到3. 00 mg·L~(-1)的过程中,主要氨氧化菌(AOB)菌属Nitrosomonas丰度由10. 07%增长至18. 64%.当DO为3. 00 mg·L~(-1)时,生物膜系统中Nitrosomonas菌属丰度与悬浮污泥系统相近为20. 43%,且生物膜系统富集了0. 78%的ANAMMOX菌属Candidatus_Kuenenia.综上,生物膜系统内DO的变化受曝气量影响较小,短程硝化效果受DO影响较小,短程硝化速率更稳定,更适合作为ANAMMOX脱氮工艺的前处理单元.     

一体化全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺的效能及污泥特性

在氨氮浓度梯度升高的条件下,通过控制DO等方式在一体化CSTR反应器中实现了一体化全程自养脱氮(CANON—completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite).结果表明随进水氨氮浓度(76.05~583.93mg/L)的升高,系统的氨氮和总氮去除负荷逐渐提高,试验期间无亚硝态氮的积累,反应器后期在高氨氮进水下最高氨氮去除率84.4%,最高去除负荷0.42kg/(m3·d);最高总氮去除率72.0%,最高去除负荷0.35kg/(m3·d).污泥氧消耗速率实验得出好氧氨氧化菌的耗氧速率为169.46 mgO2/(gVSS·h)、硝酸化细菌的好氧速率为39.63 mgO2/(gVSS·h).采用总氮去除量和硝态氮产生量的比值(△TN /△NO3-)表征硝酸化反应对出水氨氮浓度的影响.试验进一步研究了反应器内污泥形态的变化,得出第102d的污泥粒径(86.36μm)比第30d(54.09μm)增加60%,污泥的SEM分析得出实验后期相对于前期污泥表面丝状菌减少,胞外聚合物增多.以上结果表明该反应器具备良好的造粒功能,有利于自养脱氮工艺的启动与稳定.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

Organochlorine pesticides in soils under different land usage in the Taihu Lake region, China

A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX (DDD, DDE and DDT) had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT in soils under three land usages were: paddy field ＞ tree land ＞ fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT ＞1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes.     

Sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions

The contribution of aliphatic-rich plant biopolymer to sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds is significantly important because of their preservation and accumulation in the soil environment,but sorption mechanism is still not fully understood.In this study, sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions was examined to better understand the contributions of respective fraction.Toward this end,cuticular materials were isolated from the fruits of tomato by chemical method.The tomato cuticle sheet consisted of waxes (6.5 wt%),cuticular monomer (69.5 wt%),and polysaccharide (24.0 wt%).Isotherms of l-naphthol to the cuticular fractions were nonlinear (N value (0.82-0.90)) at the whole tested concentration ranges.The KodKow ratios for bulk cuticle (TC1),dewaxed cuticle (TC2),cutin (TC4),and desugared cuticle (TC5) were larger than unity,suggested that tomato bulk cuticle and cutin are much powerful solption medium.Sorption capability of cutin (TC4) was 2.4 times higher than the nonsaponifiable fraction (TC3).The 1-naphthol interactions with tomato cuticular materials were governed by both hydrophobic-type interactions and polar (H-bonding) interactions. Removal of the wax and polysaccharide materials from the bulk tomato cuticle caused a significant increase in the sorption ability of the cuticular material.There was a linear negative trend between K_(oc) values and the amount of polysaccharides or fraction's polarities ((N O)/C);while a linear positive relationship between K_(oc) values and the content of cutin monomer (linear R~2=0.993) was observed for present in the cuticular fractions.Predominant sorbent of the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in the plant cuticular fraction was the cutin monomer,contributing to 91.7% of the total sorption of tomato bulk cuticle.     

Alterations of organ histopathology and metallolhionein mRNA expression in silver barb, Puntius gonionotus during subchronic cadmium exposure

Common silver barb,Puntius gonionotus,exposed to the nominal concentration of 0.06 mg/L Cd for 60 d,were assessed for histopathological alterations(gills,liver and kidney),metal accumulation,and metallothionein(MT)mRNA expression.Fish exhibited pathological symptoms such as hypertrophy and hyperplasia of primary and secondary gill lamellae,vacuolization in hepatocytes,and prominent tubular and glomerular damage in the kidney.In addition,kidney accumulated the highest content of cadmium,more than gills and liver.Expression of MT mRNA was increased in both liver and kidney of treated fish.Hepatic MT levels remained high after fish were removed to Cd-free water.In contrast,MT expression in kidney was peaked after 28 d of treatment and drastically dropped when fish were removed to Cd-free water.The high concentrations of Cd in hepatic tissues indicated an accumulation site or permanent damage on this tissue.     

Seed selections for crystallization of calcium phosphate for phosphorus recovery

Seed induces and promotes the crystallization of calcium phosphate, and acts as carrier of the recovered phosphorus （P）. In order to select suitable seed for P recovery from wastewater, three seeds including Apatite （AP）, Juraperle （JP） and phosphate-modified Juraperle （M-JP） were tested and compared. Batch and fixed-bed column experiments of seeded crystallization of calcium phosphate were undertaken by using synthetic wastewater with 10 mg/L P phosphate. It shows that AP has bad enduring property in the crystallization process, while JP has better performance for multiple uses, and M-JP is a hopeful seed for P recovery by crystallization of calcium phosphate.