水稻不同生育期根际与非根际土壤胞外酶对施氮的响应

与稻田土壤碳氮循环(矿化、转化等)密切相关的酶活性可以反映微生物的生长和代谢过程.为明确水稻不同生育期根际与非根际土壤胞外酶对施氮的响应,采用根际袋法区分水稻根际和非根际土壤,利用96微孔酶标板荧光分析法,测定其碳氮过程关键酶β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)和β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)活性,探讨根际效应、施氮和生育期对土壤酶活的影响及其调控机制.结果表明,施氮使拔节期土壤BG酶活性相对于不施氮处理降低了7.4~13.5 nmol·(g·h)~(-1),而使成熟期BG酶活性增大了7.0~31.4 nmol·(g·h)~(-1),同时根际与非根际土壤中BG酶活性也随水稻的生育期而发生相应的变化.与不施氮处理相比,施氮使水稻成熟期非根际土壤NAG酶活性增加了1.1倍,根际土壤降低了0.3倍.施氮和生育期显著影响土壤BG酶活性,而水稻生育期、施氮和根际效应及其交互作用均对NAG酶活性有极显著影响.RDA分析表明土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)和可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量主要影响水稻根际土壤胞外酶活性;而非根际土壤中酶活性的变化主要受微生物生物量氮(MBN)和铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)的影响.土壤酶活性与多种因素存在复杂关系,需要综合考虑植物生理特征、土壤酶活性和土壤特征,分析N添加对微生物群落组成的影响.     

长期不同施肥对稻田土壤有机碳矿化及激发效应的影响

通过室内模拟培养实验,结合14C同位素标记技术,研究了不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、秸秆还田+化肥(ST)这3种施肥处理下稻田耕层土壤有机碳矿化特征及其对添加外源葡萄糖的响应特征.结果表明,56 d培养实验结束时,CK处理土壤累积矿化率(土壤原有有机碳累积矿化量/土壤总有机碳含量)达到1. 64%,而NPK和ST处理较CK处理显著降低了0. 34%和0. 39%(P 0. 05),表明长期施肥对土壤碳有一定的固持作用.长期不同施肥处理土壤对添加外源葡萄糖的响应有所不同,表现出了不同程度的激发效应.随着培养时间的推移,3种处理土壤碳矿化的激发效应由负激发效应逐渐转为正激发效应. 56 d时,ST和NPK处理土壤的负累积激发效应比CK分别显著提高了22. 07和9. 05倍(P 0. 05).结构方程模型分析表明,土壤NH+4-N和DOC含量主要通过影响土壤MBC和MBN含量间接影响土壤累积激发效应,且NH+4-N对土壤累积激发效应有直接的显著负影响.综上所述,长期施肥降低了稻田土壤原有有机碳累积矿化率,有利于增强稻田土壤碳的固持和积累,秸秆还田加化肥效果更加明显.     

长期施肥对稻田土壤微生物量、群落结构和活性的影响

以湖南省宁乡县长期定位施肥试验为平台,选取不施肥(CK)、全量化肥(NPK)、秸秆还田+化肥(ST)和有机肥+化肥(OM)这4种处理,采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)技术和MicroRespTM方法,研究了长期施肥对水稻土微生物量、群落结构及活性的影响.结果表明,细菌、真菌、革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌PLFA含量均表现为OMSTNPKCK;PLFA主成分分析表明,相比CK处理,NPK、ST和OM处理中微生物的群落结构均发生了改变,特别是ST和OM处理变化更为显著.MicroRespTM结果表明,相比CK处理(1.28μg·h~(-1)),OM处理的土壤微生物对碳源平均利用率最高(1.81μg·h~(-1)),ST处理(1.19μg·h~(-1))次之,NPK处理(0.95μg·h~(-1))最低.不同施肥处理土壤微生物对不同碳源利用的偏好情况存在明显差异.当碳源底物为酮戊二酸、半乳糖和赖氨酸时,不同施肥处理土壤微生物对不同碳源利用差异十分明显.因此,长期化肥配合秸秆还田或配施有机肥显著改善土壤养分含量和土壤微生物量、微生物群落结构和活性,对于培肥地力和优化土壤微生物群落极为重要.     

地膜覆盖对农田土壤养分和生态酶计量学特征的影响

生态酶计量比可以用来衡量土壤微生物能量和养分资源限制状况.为明确地膜覆盖后农田土壤生态酶计量学特征,选取地膜覆盖下不同残膜积累量的农田土壤,利用荧光分析法测定其碳氮磷循环关键过程中的β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶（BG）、β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）和磷酸酶（ACP）的活性.探讨地膜覆盖对农田土壤养分循环和供应的影响.结果表明,施用化肥的土壤,覆膜使Olsen-P和NO^-₃-N分别降低至不覆膜土壤的48%～62%和16%～24%;而有机-无机配施的土壤,两者在覆膜条件下分别提高了144%～203%和1.9～5.1倍.覆膜下SOC∶TN在有机-无机配施土壤中降低了6.6%～25.8%,而SOC∶TP和TN∶TP却显著增加.覆膜土壤中MBC含量均显著低于不覆膜的土壤,然而由于MBN和MBP也随之降低,MBC∶MBN和MBC∶MBP无显著差异;覆膜使MBN∶MBP在S1和S2分别降低了36.6%和23.8%,而在S3和S4中分别提高了5.4和1.3倍.土壤中NAG∶ACP计量比与微生物生物量中相对应的元素的计量比趋势相似;而覆膜下BG∶NA...     

化肥和有机肥配施生物炭对根际土壤反硝化势和反硝化细菌群落的影响

为明确化肥和有机肥配施生物炭对根际土壤反硝化细菌和反硝化势的影响,以柠檬根际土为研究对象,设置不施肥(CK)、化肥(CF)、有机肥(M)、化肥配施生物炭(CFBC)和有机肥配施生物炭(MBC)等5个处理,通过测定根际nirS型、nirK型和nosZ型反硝化菌群落特征、反硝化势和土壤环境因子,明确化肥和有机肥配施生物炭对根际反硝化作用的影响.结果表明,与CK相比,CF处理显著降低根际土壤反硝化势47.7%,M和MBC处理分别显著增加反硝化势的2 192.7%和1 989.9%; M和MBC处理显著增加nirS型和nosZ型反硝化菌的基因拷贝数,CF和CFBC处理显著降低nirS型和nosZ型反硝化菌基因拷贝数,而4个施肥处理均显著增加nirK型反硝化菌基因拷贝数.逐步回归分析结果表明：pH是nirS型反硝化菌丰度的主要影响因子,有机质(SOM)和铵态氮(NH⁺₄-N)是nirK型反硝化菌的主要影响因子,pH、硝态氮(NO^-₃-N)和氮磷比(N/P)则是nosZ型反硝化菌的主要影响因子.偏最小二乘法分析...     

稻田土壤β-1, 4-葡萄糖苷酶活性对温度变化的响应特征

温度是土壤酶活性的关键非生物影响因子,调控着土壤物质周转过程.为了探究温度变化对稻田土壤有机质周转及其关键胞外酶活性的影响,设计室内培养试验,分别在5、15、25和35℃下测定亚热带稻田土壤BG（β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶）活性,探究温度对土壤胞外酶活性及其与碳氮转化过程的影响特征.结果表明:稻田土壤中w（DOC）（DOC为可利用态碳）、w（NH₄+-N）和w（MBC）（MBC为微生物生物量碳）在5~25℃下随着培养时间的增加而降低.在第15天时BG活性达到306.57~437.75 nmol/（g·h）,并随温度的增加表现为先增后减,在第3、75天时,25℃下BG活性为184.46~207.60 nmol/（g·h）.土壤酶活性的Q₁₀（温度敏感性）在15℃升至25℃时表现出正响应（Q₁₀=1.5）,而在5~15℃和25~35℃时Q₁₀ < 1,表现为消除效应.土壤酶活性的变化是多因素共同影响的结果,温度作为关键影响因子,升温显著改变了土壤中w（DOC）、w（NH₄+-N）、w（MBC）、w（MBN）（MBN为微生物生物量氮）,进而影响土壤BG活性;土壤中w（MBC）对BG活性具有直接的显著负影响作用.研究显示,对参与稻田土壤碳转化BG酶活性的温度敏感性及其与土壤关键理化因子之间的耦合关系进行量化,有助于深入开展水稻土碳循环及其调控机制研究.      

不同肥料种类对稻田红壤碳氮淋失的影响

土壤中碳、氮淋失降低土壤肥力,污染水体环境.为探究不同施肥种类对稻田红壤碳氮淋失影响,本试验依托中国科学院千烟洲生态站(114°53’E,26°48’N)1998年建立的红壤稻田长期定位控制试验,选用负压法采集土壤溶液,研究秸秆还田(ST)、有机肥(OM)、化肥(NPK)对土壤碳、氮淋失状况及时间动态的影响.结果表明:1稻田土壤中氮素淋失以铵态氮(NH+4-N)为主,施用NPK使土壤中NH+4-N(1.2 mg·L-1±0.1 mg·L-1)淋失最严重,施用OM使土壤中可溶解性有机碳(DOC)(27.3 mg·L-1±1.6 mg·L-1)淋失最严重,且土壤中DOC和NH+4-N均在水稻营养生长期淋失最严重(P<0.05);2施用OM与NPK可以增加稻田红壤中NH+4-N、DOC、总有机碳(SOC)和总氮(TN)含量,且施用NPK增加TN效果最显著,施用OM增加SOC最显著;3土壤渗漏液中DOC含量与稻田红壤中SOC含量呈显著正相关(P<0.01),土壤渗漏液中NH+4-N含量与稻田红壤中TN含量呈显著正相关(P<0.01).     

洱海流域稻油轮作农田土壤水解酶活性特征

土壤酶是驱动土壤碳氮素转化的重要生物因素。该研究在滇西洱海流域油菜-水稻水旱轮作农田设置5个处理(1个不施肥对照,1个施化肥对照,3个有机物料配施化肥处理)的长期定位试验,考察土壤碳氮水解酶活性特征及有机碳源物料施用条件下土壤碳氮水解酶活性动态变化特征,结合Pearson相关性分析和RDA冗余分析,解析土壤酶活性对有机碳输入的响应特征。结果表明,单施化肥处理对β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(GC)活性的影响不显著(P≥0.05),但显著提高β-1,4-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)活性(P<0.05);有机碳源物料配施化肥各处理则均显著提高2种土壤碳氮水解酶活性(P<0.05)。GC酶和NAG酶的活性与土壤有机质(OM)和全氮(TN)含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);土壤GC和NAG酶活性均与土壤碳氮比(C/N)极显著正相关(P<0.01);土壤OM和TN对碳氮水解酶活性影响的解释度最高。基于酶活性和土壤养分及碳氮比关系分析,需要施用适宜C/N的有机碳源配施氮肥,通过调控GC酶和NAG酶活性,提高土壤碳氮转化速率,从而维持土壤C/N在适宜范围。     

缙云山不同土地利用方式对土壤活性有机碳、氮组分的影响

以位于重庆市北碚区的缙云山为研究对象,通过采集亚热带常绿阔叶林(以下简称林地)、撂荒地、果园、坡耕地0~60cm深度的土壤样品,测定其MBC(微生物生物量碳)、MBN(微生物生物量氮)、DOC(可溶性有机碳)、DON(可溶性有机氮)含量,探讨土地利用方式对土壤活性有机碳、氮组分的影响.结果表明,4种土地利用方式下土壤MBC、MBN、DOC、DON含量均随着土壤深度的增加而降低.在0~60 cm的土壤深度内,土地利用方式对土壤MBC、MBN和DON含量的影响并不明显;撂荒地DOC含量显著高于其它3种土地利用方式,说明坡耕地撂荒能显著提高土壤DOC含量.在0~60 cm土层,林地、撂荒地、果园、坡耕地间MBN、DOC、DON分配比例均无显著差异,但坡耕地MBC分配比例显著高于其它3种土地利用方式,表明坡耕地土壤有机碳具有较高的生物活性,这可能是由于坡耕地施加绿肥以及粪肥等有机肥所致.各土地利用方式下DOC/DON最高,MBC/MBN次之,SOC/TN最低,说明可溶性有机质的生物固化作用最强,而土壤总有机质的矿化作用最明显.4种土地利用方式下SOC/TN、MBC/MBN及DOC/DON均为坡耕地最低,且比值都低于20,表明坡耕地土壤有机质的矿化作用较强,容易造成土壤碳的损失.     

3次投加H2O2预氧化对石油污染土壤中石油烃生物降解的研究

为得到一种高效降解石油烃(TPH)的Fenton预氧化联合生物修复石油污染土壤的修复方式,考察了分3次投加不同浓度H₂O₂预氧化后羟基自由基(·OH)特征、NH⁺₄-N浓度、DOC浓度、脱氢酶及多酚氧化酶活性,以及石油烃去除量。结果表明：5 g石油污染土样体系中,将900 mmol/L的H₂O₂(4.635 mL)分3次投加预氧化后,所产生的·OH最大瞬时强度低,·OH的持续时间短,对石油降解菌杀伤作用少,TPH氧化量较高。生物修复前20 d, NH⁺₄-N浓度消耗量较高(170.45 mg/kg),石油降解菌菌量增长快,长链烷烃C₂₁—C₃₀(22%)和DOC降解率(69%)高,生物修复前期充足NH⁺₄-N浓度的消耗诱导石油降解菌在0～50 d高效降解长链烷烃(42%)。脱氢酶活性和多酚氧化酶活性在20 d达到顶峰,表明微生...     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.