菝葜根茎中黄酮类化合物的提取与含量测定

对菝葜植物根茎中黄酮类成分进行了定量测定和定性分析.结果表明,在菝葜植物根茎中含有黄酮、黄酮醇、二氢黄酮、二氢黄酮醇等多种黄酮类化合物.以芦丁为标准品,用分光光度法测得菝葜根茎中总黄酮含量为3.36%.     

花生壳中黄酮物质的提取及对油脂的抗氧化作用

对花生壳中黄酮物质的提取工艺进行了优化研究,并对提取物的抗氧化性进行了初步研究。用单因素试验分别对提取溶剂乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间及提取温度进行了研究。在此基础上,通过正交试验确定上述4个因素的最佳组合。优化后花生壳中黄酮的最大提取率为92．32％,花生壳中黄酮类化合物的适宜提取条件为乙醇体积分数60％、料液比1：30、提取时间150min、提取温度60℃。花生壳中黄酮类化合物对猪油有明显的抗氧化作用,当添加量为0．2％时抗氧化效果与0．2％BHT接近。     

蔬菜颜色与营养

绿色蔬菜是指蔬菜中含有较多的叶绿素,其总体颜色为绿色。如菠菜、韭菜、芹菜、香菜、青椒等。黄色蔬菜是指蔬菜所含的色素以类胡萝卜素或黄酮类色素为主,总体颜色呈黄色的蔬菜。例如胡萝卜、黄花菜、马铃薯、瓜类等。黄酮类色素在生理上有降低血管渗透性和防止血管破裂的作用。还有一些其他颜色的蔬菜,但种类较少。以浅色或白色为主。蔬菜的营养虽然大致是绿色蔬菜优于黄色蔬菜,黄色蔬菜优     

星点设计——响应面法优化葎草黄酮的提取工艺

为了探究并优化葎草中黄酮的提取工艺,在单因素实验的基础上,采用星点设计-响应面法设计实验,最终确定了葎草黄酮的最优提取工艺.回归分析和实验结果表明,最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度=72％、料液比(W/V)=1∶28、提取时间=1.2h,实际黄酮/生药提取率为2.64235.该方法优于现有的提取方法,得到的工艺条件具有实际应用价值.     

磁分离技术在黑臭水体中的应用研究

文章介绍了国内现有磁分离技术的研究进展及现状,阐述了磁分离技术的工艺流程及基本原理.以某黑臭水体磁分离技术应用验证项目为例,分析了磁分离工艺对COD、TP、SS等污染物质的去除效果,为磁分离工艺设计提供技术参考.     

具有开发前景的药用植物活性成分──银杏黄酮、青蒿素、鬼臼毒素、芦丁、绞股蓝皂甙

本文对银杏叶黄酮、青蒿素、鬼臼毒素、芦丁、绞股蓝皂甙的来源、分布、含量、应用，市场及提取分离等方面作了简要概述，指出了开发利用途径．     

磁分离-板框脱水组合工艺处理炼油厂“三泥”

通过"磁分离-板框脱水"工艺进行污泥处理试验,研究了磁分离机处理炼油厂"三泥"的效果。结果表明:经磁分离机处理后的污泥再经板框压滤,含水率降至60%,脱水后的污泥加入固化剂干化。该工艺产生的滤液清澈,泥水分离速度快,石油类和COD去除率高,且工艺简单,占地小、投资少,运行维护简便,处理效率高。     

具有开发前景的药用植物活性成分—银杏黄酮,青蒿素,鬼臼毒素,芦…

本文对银杏叶黄酮、青蒿素、鬼臼毒素、芦丁、绞股蓝皂甙的来源、分布、含量、应用，市场及提取分离等方面作了简要概述，指出了开发利用途径。     

生化技术处理高含盐废水试验研究

针对注蒸汽锅炉系统产生大量的高含盐废水中石油类、COD、挥发酚等污染物超标严重现象,在对外排高含盐水进行水质分析的基础上,开展了"混凝沉淀+高盐生化"现场试验。试验结果表明:该处理技术具有较好的处理性能,其中"混凝沉淀"工艺对废水中COD、石油类及挥发酚平均去除率分别为37.5%,47%和53%;"高盐生化"工艺对"混凝沉淀"出水中COD、石油类及挥发酚平均去除率分别为31.9%,58%和65%。处理后水质稳定且可达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》二级标准。     

高脂肪样品中PCBs和OCPs分离方法研究

研究开发了用于分离高脂肪样品中21种多氯联苯（PCBs）和22种有机氯农药（OCPs）的分离柱填料,以及利用该填料分离含脂肪的动物组织样品中PCBs或OCPs的方法。该填料按质量百分比由硅胶-弗罗里硅土混合物30%-35%、酸性改性硅胶50%-60%和无水硫酸钠10%-15%组成,并使用自主研发的四通道色谱分离仪对样品进行分离和净化。利用本方法的填料分离PCBs或OCPs,分离方法高效、快速、工艺简单,可在成本较低的条件下达到显著的分离效果。PCBs化合物柱回收率可达96.4%-119%,对鱼脂肪组织加标回收率可达74.4%-100%;OCPs化合物柱回收率可达78.4%-103%,对鱼脂肪组织加标回收率可达78.3%-102%。结果表明该填料可用于分离PCBs或OCPs,色谱分离效果良好,可以满足高脂肪样品中OCPs和PCBs的监测分离需要。     

SBR工艺的发展与应用

本文对SBR工艺及其变形工艺ICEAS工艺、CASS工艺、UNITANK工艺、MSBR工艺在我国的研究应用情况进行了介绍,认为具有除磷脱氮功能的新型SBR工艺在我国具有良好的应用前景。     

阳离子染料废水处理的工艺研究

首先采用两级物化－电解－吸附工艺对高浓度阳离子染料生产废水进行预处理,再与低浓度生产废水、生活污水混合生化处理,总脱色率和CODcr去除率均可达到99．9％以上,达标排放。     

铬渣的危害与解毒技术

本文介绍了铬渣的产生过程和主要成分,以及我国铬渣的产生和污染现状;介绍了化学处理法、物理/化学法、熔烧法和固化/稳定化处理法等铬渣解毒技术原理;概括了目前国内主要的铬渣综合利用方式.     

冷轧废乳化液破乳技术研究进展

冷轧废乳化液是轧钢过程中排放的高浓度难降解废水,治理的关键是破乳技术。主要介绍了混凝工艺、膜分离工艺、电凝聚气浮工艺、Fenton氧化工艺、微电解工艺、微波破乳工艺原理及研究现状,并对每种工艺在乳化液废水破乳中的优缺点进行了阐述。其中混凝破乳和膜分离破乳是目前应用最广泛的技术,其他技术由于运行管理以及成本的原因应用相对较少,今后破乳技术的发展应该是高效、低成本的新技术开发或者对原有破乳技术进行革新。     

污水处理厂AB法工艺改造方案的探讨

针对漳州市东区污水处理厂AB法工艺改造的目标,分析了AB法工艺的局限性,结合该污水处理厂AB法工程的现有设施,从技术上探讨了5种具有脱氮除磷功能的工艺改造方案的可行性,并得到了适合于该污水处理厂AB法工艺改造的方案。     

畜禽养殖废水处理技术探讨

介绍了畜禽养殖废水有机物和氨氮含量高、可生化性好等特点及其污染现状,从物化法和生物法两个方面综述了近年来国内外有关畜禽养殖废水处理技术的研究进展,并分析了现有处理方法的优缺点和存在的问题。在此基础上提出了现阶段厌氧（缺氧）一好氧组合工艺技术是处理较大规模畜禽养殖废水的主要方法。并建议畜禽养殖废水的治理应从“防”、“治”两个方面入手。     

Resources consumption and wastes emission analysis for two manufacture processes of siliconit

Silicon carbide (SiC) heating elements (siliconits) are widely used at high-temperature fields. The raw materials, manufacture process and application fields of siliconits are all related to heavy energy consumption and pollutions, and bring high environmental loads. The resources consumption and pollution emissions in siliconit manufacture process were quantificationally estimated by input/output method. Difference between two traditional techniques to produce siliconits in China was also compared and analyzed. The results show that siliconit manufacture processes consume large quantities of resources because the furnace is open to environment and too much thermal-protection materials are used. For the thick-end technique is more complicated and the thick-end siliconits have a bigger size and mass, there are more resources and energy consumptions and pollution emissions for thick-end process than that for equal-diameter process. Some suggestions were introduced to improve the traditional techniques and a new process was designed. It is the most important that the open furnace should be replaced by close vacuum furnace. Sintering and siliconizing process can be combined into one high-temperature process. As results of process simplification and vacuum sintering, resources and energy consumption and wastes emission can be decreased remarkably.     

Investment Evaluation of an Integrated Steel Mill using Multiple Criteria

A conventional steel manufacturing process generates considerable amounts of reject streams and secondary raw material. These streams are either recycled back to the process or treated as waste. Recycling affects negatively on the production yield and on the controllability of unit operations. Waste represents considerable cost unless utilized in another production process as raw material. In these streams, there exists a potential to use the chemical elements more effectively. Therefore, it might be interesting to find an economical technical solution to collect the streams and increase steel production.

Investments on process equipment are typically evaluated using conventional economic figures, like payback time, Net Present Value (NPV) etc. The problem with these practices is, that they consider only numerical aspects. Non-numerical and non-economical criteria are hard to cater to the evaluation. Still, they may affect on the investment profitability in the long run. Such criteria include environmental friendliness or the aspects of process integration.

The article presents a comparison of a conventional steel manufacturing process with one reject stream processing alternative. A target in the process modification is to optimize the use of material and energy within the site. The comparison is based on a balanced set of criteria that affect on the efficiency of an investment. The use of these criteria is a part of the new methodology that has been developed to evaluate investments on integrated process sites. In addition to the criteria, the complete methodology includes: 1) connection of company’s strategic issues into technical design and decision making, 2) optimization of the process and calculation of process potentials (differences in the performance values between the existing process and the modified process) through the use of process integration methodologies and 3) use of decision-making aids. The research is a part of Finnish National Technology Program, “Process-Integration 2000–2004”.     

振动试验操作细节分析

振动试验实施过程中涉及因素较多,其试验结果是否有效与振动操作过程中的各个环节密不可分。为了确保试验检测结果有有效性,同时保证试验过程中的安全性,文章对振动试验各个操作环节进行了全面的梳理和分析,并提出了相应的解决办理。     

湿式电除尘器对燃煤电厂烟尘的深度处理

简介了湿式电除尘器的结构特点和工作原理,通过对燃煤电厂脱硫后湿式电除尘器的应用,提出了对湿式电除尘器在选型、应用上的建议,对湿式电除尘技术的发展前景进行了探讨。